Luis Maria Bonnecarrère Sanchez

Composição corporal e exigências nutricionais de energia e proteína para cordeiros em crescimento

This work was conducted with the objective to determine the body composition for fat, protein and ash, the net requirements of energy and protein for weight gain, and the requirements of metabolizable protein of growing lambs. Twenty-two male lambs, sired by Texel males, from crossbreed Texel x Ideal dams were used. Four lambs were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment (24 hours after birth) and groups of six lambs were slaughtered at weaning, at 28 and 33 kg of live weight. The prediction equations of the corporal composition of protein, fat, ash and energy were fitted, according to the ARC (1980), by the regression of log of fat, protein, ash and energy, content in the empty body, in relation to the log of empty body weight (EBW). The net requirements of protein and energy for weight gain were obtained based on the prediction equations of body composition, while of metabolizable protein requirements were estimated in agreement with the AFRC (1993). The body contents of protein, fat, energy and ash for lambs from 5 to 30 kg EBW. ranged from 141.69 to 186.24 g/kg EBW; 24.49 to 158.11 g/kg EBW; 1088.75 to 2451.55 Kcal/kg EBW, and 27.55 to 33.70 g/kg EBW, respectively. The estimated net requirements for weight gain were: energy, from 399.93 to 892.21 kcal/250g of gain, and protein from 40.98 to 53.70 g/250g of gain, for lambs from 5 to 30 kg of EBW, respectively. The requirements of metabolizable protein for animals from 5 to 30 kg live weight ranged from 79.09 to 121.13 g/250g of gain.

Uso da creatinina como indicador da excreção urinária em ovinos

This study was carried out to evaluate the use of creatinine as an indicator of urinary production in sheep. Total creatinine urinary excretion was determined based on data and samples collected from four digestibility experiments previously conducted with lambs maintained in metabolic cages. In all experiments total urinary production was collected during five days in each animal and experimental period. Additionally, in one experiment, urine samples were taken at intervals of two hours during a 24 hours period. Total excretion of creatinine (mean of 660mg day -1 ) was different among experiments (P 0.05). In the other hand, the urinary concentration of creatinine was different among experiments (P<0.01), animals (P<0.01) and periods (P<0.05). There were also differences among sampling times through a 24 hours period (P<0.01). The estimate of urinary production based on urinary concentrations of creatinine in spot samples, may be reliable only if, at least in one animal, representative of experimental group, total urine collection be carried out to measure the mean daily excretion of creatinine relative to body weigh. Moreover, spot samples should be collected in different times to constitute a composite sample representative of a 24 hours period.

Componentes do peso vivo e órgãos viscerais de bezerros machos de origem leiteira ao nascimento, 50 e 110 dias de vida

The work was carried out to evaluate the to growth in kg and in relation to live weight (% LW) and to empty body weight (% EBW) of the viscera and other corporal components with increase of the age of Holstein male calves. Eighteen animals distributed in three slaughter age (six at birth, six at 50 days and six at 110 days of age), weighing between 30 and 100 kg LW or 27.57 and 74.27 kg EBW were slaughtered. After the slaughter, the viscera and corporal components were retired and heavy. Data were submitted to a correlation and regression analyses. An increment of absolute weight was observed of the viscera and other components of the live weight in agreement with the increase of LW and EBW, in intense way to the 50 days and moderated of the 50 to the 110 days of age. However, there was a decreased of the relative weight (% LW and % EBW) in accordance that the animals grew, for the stomach, intestines and content gastrintestinal relative weight that stayed growing until the 110 days of age.

Desenvolvimento de Estômago de Bezerros Holandeses Desaleitados Precocemente 1

The present work was carried out to evaluate the growth of stomach compartments of early weaned Holstein calves. The animals were fed concentrates and hay from the second and third week of age respectively. Eighteen animals were allotted to a completely randomized design, with three treatments (slaughter age). Six calves were slaughtered at birth, at 50 days at 110 days of age; the stomachs were withdrawn and the weight and volume of each compartment measured. Data were submitted to correlation and regression analysis through the SAS statistical program, (1996). An increase of the capacity of all the stomachs compartments was verified with the progress of the age of the calves, but with growth rates differentiated among the compartments. The increase of the reticulo- rumen growth and the decrease of the abomasum growth with increase of age were observed. Up to 50 days of age the proportion of the reticulo-rumen and abomasum stomach compartments was changed, but the omasum maintained a constant rhythm of development.

Composição corporal e exigências líquidas de energia e proteína para ganho de peso de novilhos Santa Gertrudis

O presente trabalho foi realizado na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, com o intuito de avaliar a composicao corporal e exigencias liquidas de energia e proteina de novilhos. Foi conduzido um experimento com uma dieta contendo 70% de silagem de milho e 30% de concentrado. Foram utilizados 40 novilhos Santa Gertrudis, com 3,5 anos de idade, sendo quatro deles abatidos no inicio do experimento e 36 distribuidos ao acaso nos tratamentos e abatidos no final do periodo experimental. De cada carcaca foi retirada uma seccao da 9a a 11a costela e determinada a sua composicao fisica e quimica, atraves do que foi estimada a composicao corporal. Foram ajustadas as equacoes lineares entre log do conteudo de proteina, gordura e energia do corpo vazio e log do peso do corpo vazio. Constatou-se que, ao aumentar o peso do corpo vazio, o conteudo de proteina desse corpo e do seu ganho de peso diminui, enquanto os de gordura e energia aumentam. Assim, os animais de maior peso corporal vazio apresentam exigencias de energia mais elevadas e de proteina inferiores as dos animais de menor peso.

Consumo e digestibilidade em ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo grão de milho moído, inteiro ou tratado com uréia, com três níveis de concentrado

In this study corn grain was used as whole, ground or urea treated grain to prepare diet containing 30, 50 or 70% concentrate. Eighteen castrated lambs (34.48 average body weight) were used during three periods to measure food intake and digestibility. The intake of dry matter (DMI), crude protein (CPI) and neutral detergent fiber (NDFI) were not affected by treatment of corn grain. Level of concentrate in diet affected (P<0.05) DMI and CPI which reached a maximum at 55.5 and 58.7% concentrate, respectively. The NDFI decreased linearly (P<0.05) with the increasing level of concentrate. Grain treatment did not affected the digestibility of nutrient except for crude protein apparent digestibility which was higher (P<0.05) for diet containing UG. Apparent digestibility of dry and organic matter and total carbohydrates increased linearly with increasing proportion of concentrate in diet. Whole corn grain can be used to prepare concentrate mixtures to be fed to sheep.

Evaluation of indigestible feed fractions as internal markers for predicting digestibility in lambs

The use of indigestible dry matter (iDM) and indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) as internal markers to estimate digestibility in lambs was evaluated. Data and samples were obtained from six independent digestion trials with lambs housed in metabolism cages given ad libitum different forage and concentrate feedstuffs. Indigestible residues were determined after 144 hours of in situ incubation of feed and faeces samples. Recovery rate varied from 64.8 to 108.5% for iDM, and from 49.5 to 67.9% for iNDF. As the marker ratio between marker concentration in the faeces and the feed was not corrected for fecal recovery, the large part of the estimated apparent organic matter digestibility (AOMD) of the experimental means were lower than the in vivo that obtained. As the marker ratio was corrected for fecal recovery of the marker, the AOMD means estimated using both markers were similar to the in vivo data in all experiments. As individual estimates, corrected for fecal recovery of the marker, were related to in vivo observations through regression analysis, the slope of the regression for iDM was not different from 1 whereas for iNDF, the slope was lower than 1. Individual AOMD values estimates using both markers, however, were poorly related to the in vivo observations (r2 varied from 0.60 to 0.63). Once corrected for fecal recovery, residual DM after 144 hours of in situ incubation is suitable for use as an internal marker to estimate mean diet digestibility consumed for a group of animals. However, individual estimates were not accurate to detect small differences in digestibility imposed by different treatments within an experiment.

Alterações bromatológicas nas silagens de milho submetidas a crescentes tempos de exposição ao ar após "desensilagem"

The experiment in a completely randomized design aimed at testing the effect of air exposure of maize silages at “feed-out” on chemical composition. Silages were prepared on May 18 th , 2004 from a late season harvest of a crop at the half milky half dough kernel stage and chopped materials were packed in 30 liters mini-silos. Four treatments with four replicates consisted of air exposure of silages removed from the mini-silos after periods of zero, 12 hours, 24 hours or 36 hours until sampling for chemical analysis. Air exposure affected significantly (P<0.05) neutral detergent fiber values (corrected for ashes and protein) and lignin contents, without effects on non-structural carbohydrates and nitrogenous fractions. It is concluded that a 12 hour air exposure period after “feed-out” can affect the nutritive value of maize silage.

Avaliação in vivo da digestibilidade da casca do grão de soja moída com ovinos

The aim of the present experiment was to evaluate the feeding value of ground not toasted soybean hulls (size = 2.38 mm, GSH), for ruminants. This investigation, consisted of a conventional in vivo digestion trial 28 days using sheep as amodel. Twenty-three animals castrated males with a 32.4kg average body weight (BW), individually lodged in metabolic cages and alloted in five treatments (T) of five animals each (except T4), were used in a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments tested were the following: T1 = 100% triturated rice straw (TRS), T2 = 75% TRS + 25% GSH, ^ = 50% TRS + 50% GSH, T4 = 25% TRS + 75% GSH, and T5 = 100% GSH. The GSH used in this experiment had, 94.74% organic matter (OM), 15.67% crude protein (CP), 33.82% crude fiber (CF), 1.65% ether extract (EE), and 43.60% nitrogenfree extract (NFE) with basis on dry matter (DM, 89.19%). There was verified, through analysis of regression, a highly significant ascending linear effect (P < 0.01) while GSH substituted TRS in the treatments with relation to percentage obtained for total digestive nutriente (TDN) and the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of DM (ADCDM), of OM (ADCOM), of CP (ADCCP), of EE (ADCEE), and of NFE (ADCNFE); however there were not verified any significant effects of the treatments in relation to ADC of CF (ADCCF). The GSH presented 65.39% ADCDM, 68.28% ADCCF and 67.05% TDN, when it was the only feed (T5). It was concluded that GSH has a hig nutritive value for ruminants.

Composição corporal e exigências líquidas de proteína e energia para ganho de peso de bezerros machos de origem leiteira do nascimento aos 110 dias de idade

The work was carried out to evaluate the body composition and the net requirements of protein and energy for weight gain of dairy calves in the beginning of the productive life were determined. Eighteen Holstein bulls calves at newly born to 110 days of age weighing between 30 and 100 kg were used. Six animals were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment (to birth) and other twelve animals were full fed until a pre-established slaughter of age. Six animals were slaughtered when completed 50 days and six when completed 110 days of age. Regression analysis of the logarithm of protein, fat and energy corporal amount in function of the empty body weight (EBW) logarithm were fitted. The net requirements of protein and energy for weight gain were obtained by derivation of the prediction equations of corporal composition. The body content of protein, fat and energy increased in according to the LW increase. The net requirements of protein and energy for empty body weight gain (EBWG) increased as the empty body weight changes from 27.57 to 74.27 kg. The net requirements changed from 200.60 to 229.21 g/kg EBWG for protein, from 1.93 to 2.99 Mcal/kg EBWG for energy.