Paulo Afonso Carvalho

Componentes do peso vivo e órgãos viscerais de bezerros machos de origem leiteira ao nascimento, 50 e 110 dias de vida

The work was carried out to evaluate the to growth in kg and in relation to live weight (% LW) and to empty body weight (% EBW) of the viscera and other corporal components with increase of the age of Holstein male calves. Eighteen animals distributed in three slaughter age (six at birth, six at 50 days and six at 110 days of age), weighing between 30 and 100 kg LW or 27.57 and 74.27 kg EBW were slaughtered. After the slaughter, the viscera and corporal components were retired and heavy. Data were submitted to a correlation and regression analyses. An increment of absolute weight was observed of the viscera and other components of the live weight in agreement with the increase of LW and EBW, in intense way to the 50 days and moderated of the 50 to the 110 days of age. However, there was a decreased of the relative weight (% LW and % EBW) in accordance that the animals grew, for the stomach, intestines and content gastrintestinal relative weight that stayed growing until the 110 days of age.

Desenvolvimento de Estômago de Bezerros Holandeses Desaleitados Precocemente 1

The present work was carried out to evaluate the growth of stomach compartments of early weaned Holstein calves. The animals were fed concentrates and hay from the second and third week of age respectively. Eighteen animals were allotted to a completely randomized design, with three treatments (slaughter age). Six calves were slaughtered at birth, at 50 days at 110 days of age; the stomachs were withdrawn and the weight and volume of each compartment measured. Data were submitted to correlation and regression analysis through the SAS statistical program, (1996). An increase of the capacity of all the stomachs compartments was verified with the progress of the age of the calves, but with growth rates differentiated among the compartments. The increase of the reticulo- rumen growth and the decrease of the abomasum growth with increase of age were observed. Up to 50 days of age the proportion of the reticulo-rumen and abomasum stomach compartments was changed, but the omasum maintained a constant rhythm of development.

Efeitos das restrições pré e pós-natal sobre o crescimento e o desempenho de cordeiros Santa Inês do nascimento ao desmame

This trial was conducted to study the effects of pre and postnatal feed restriction on growth and production of Santa Ines lambs from birth to weaning. Sixty-eight lambs were assigned to three treatments as follows: prenatal feed restriction (PRER), postnatal feed restriction (POSTR), and no feed restriction (Control). Average birth body weight of lambs on Control (4.628 kg) and POSTR (4.421 kg) treatments were similar but higher than that of animals on PRER (3.024 kg). Milk replacer intake averaged 1.308, 0.957, and 0.952 L/d on Control, POSTR, and PRER treatments, respectively. The lower intake of feed-restricted lambs may be explained by the imposed restriction on POSTR animals and the lower size of the gastrointestinal tract of lambs on PRER group. Daily weight gain during the milking period averaged 200, 162, and 153 g/d for Control, PRER, and POSTR, respectively. The greater daily weight gain of animals with no feed restriction led to higher body weight at weaning (17.12 kg) compared to POSTR (14.15 kg) and PRER (13.00 kg) treatments. Lower production of lambs on PRER compared to Control treatment indicated that PRER animals were not able to compensate the imposed restriction compromising postnatal growth, which resulted in lower body weight at weaning.

Efeitos das restrições pré e pós-natal sobre o crescimento e desempenho de cordeiros Santa Inês do desmame ao abate

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of pre and postnatal feed restriction on growth and production of Santa Ines lambs from weaning to slaughter. Forty-eight lambs were assigned to three treatments as follows: lambs with prenatal feed restriction (PRER), lambs with postnatal feed restriction (POSTR), and lambs with no feed restriction (Control). Average daily feed intake (as fed basis) of lambs on POSTR treatment (624 g/d) was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of lambs on control (757 g/d) and PRER (765 g/d) treatments possibly because of the feed restriction after birth. However, total feed intake was lowest on control, which may be explained by the earlier slaughter age of lambs in this treatment compared to feed-restricted animals. Daily weight gain of non-restricted lambs (Control) averaged 257 g/d and was greater than the daily weight gain of POSR and PRER treatments that averaged 155 and 198 g/d, respectively. Lower after weaning production on PRER and POSR treatments compared to control indicated that feed-restricted animals were not able to compensate the imposed restriction leading to later slaughter age and higher feed consumption.

Composição corporal e exigências líquidas de proteína e energia para ganho de peso de bezerros machos de origem leiteira do nascimento aos 110 dias de idade

The work was carried out to evaluate the body composition and the net requirements of protein and energy for weight gain of dairy calves in the beginning of the productive life were determined. Eighteen Holstein bulls calves at newly born to 110 days of age weighing between 30 and 100 kg were used. Six animals were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment (to birth) and other twelve animals were full fed until a pre-established slaughter of age. Six animals were slaughtered when completed 50 days and six when completed 110 days of age. Regression analysis of the logarithm of protein, fat and energy corporal amount in function of the empty body weight (EBW) logarithm were fitted. The net requirements of protein and energy for weight gain were obtained by derivation of the prediction equations of corporal composition. The body content of protein, fat and energy increased in according to the LW increase. The net requirements of protein and energy for empty body weight gain (EBWG) increased as the empty body weight changes from 27.57 to 74.27 kg. The net requirements changed from 200.60 to 229.21 g/kg EBWG for protein, from 1.93 to 2.99 Mcal/kg EBWG for energy.

Características Quantitativas, Composição Física Tecidual e Regional da Carcaça de Bezerros Machos de Origem Leiteira ao Nascimento, 50 e 110 Dias de Idade 1

The study was carried out at the Animal Production Department of the Universidade Federal of Santa Maria-RS, to evaluate the effect of age on carcass characteristics and composition of carcass regions (forequarter, rib, hindquarter and section 9 a - 11 a ribs) at newly born calves. Eighteen animals distributed in three slaughter age (six at birth, six at 50 days and six at 110 days of age), were used. The quantitative characteristics of slaughter live weight (40.8; 59.7 and 87.0 kg), hot (22.7; 30.9 and 41.9 kg) and cold carcass weight (21.8; 30.1 and 40.7 kg), carcass length (63.8; 75.0 and 82.8 cm), round thickness (9.3; 10.0 and 12.2 cm), hand perimeter (18.2; 22.1 and 23.3 cm) and Longissimus dorsi muscle area (16.8; 20.2 and 22.4 cm 2 ) were increased linearly, according to the age increase. Hot (55.4; 51.6 and 48.1%) and cold (53.2; 50.3 and 46.7%) carcass dressing percentage decreased linearly with age increase. As the animals grew the proportions of forequarter (37.9; 35.4 and 35.0%) and bone tissue in carcass (29.8; 28.6 and 25.5%) were reduced and those of hidquarter (47.3; 50.6 and 51.0%) and fat carcass tissue (4.9; 5.4 and 7.3%) were increased.

Predição da composição física e química da carcaça a partir da composição das diferentes regiões corporais de bezerros machos de origem leiteira até os 110 dias de vida

O presente estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de desenvolver equacoes de estimativa da composicao fisica e quimica da carcaca de bezerros de origem leiteira, no inicio da vida produtiva. Foram usados 18 bezerros da raca Holandes, machos, nao castrados, pesando entre 30 e 100 kg. Seis animais foram abatidos no inicio do experimento (ao nascimento), seis aos 50 dias e seis aos 110 dias de idade. Foi realizada a divisao da carcaca em dianteiro, costilhar, traseiro e seccao 9a-11a costelas e procedida a separacao fisica total de todos os constituintes da carcaca. Foi determinada a composicao fisica e quimica por um metodo direto e ajustadas equacoes de predicao para estimar a composicao fisica e quimica da carcaca, por um metodo indireto. Os dados de composicao fisica da seccao 9a-11a costelas tambem foram tabulados nas equacoes propostas por Hankins e Howe, para testar a utilizacao das mesmas em animais jovens e imaturos. O traseiro foi a regiao que melhor representou a composicao fisica de osso, musculo e gordura, assim como a composicao quimica de agua e cinzas da carcaca. No entanto, a composicao energetica e proteica foi mais bem representada pela composicao energetica e proteica do dianteiro. A composicao fisica e quimica do corte da 9a-11a costelas nao foi um bom estimador da composicao fisica e quimica da carcaca de animais imaturos fisiologicamente ou extremamente jovens.

Características andrológicas e do sêmen de touros do composto Red Norte (Nelore x Tabapuã x Red Angus x Sinepol)

Reproductive traits of cross-breed Red Norte (Nelore x Tabapua x Red Angus x Sinepol) young bulls averaging of 13.9±0.8 month-old were evaluated, in order to determine the puberty onset and semen quality in these animals. Scrotal circumference (SC), body weight (BW), and semen parameters of 70 bulls were measured. Animals were allotted in three groups (G) according to their SC: GI=27-33cm (n=24), GII=33-35cm (n=24), and GIII=35-43cm (n=22). BW and age of each group were, respectively: GI=411.2±37.4kg and 13.8±1.0 month-old, GII=426.9±31.5kg and 14.0±0.7 month-old, and GIII=438.4±38.3kg and 14.0±0.6 month-old. Seminal physical characteristics for same order of groups were: volume 4.2±3.1mL, 5.3±2.6mL, and 4.5±2.1mL; motility 31.3±24.1%, 44.2±23.9%, and 43.9±21.5%; and vigor 2.8±1.6, 3.5±1.3, and 3.5±1.3. The spermiogram presented concentration values of 130.5±266.2x106/mL, 289.5±390.2x106/mL, and 333.9±523.7x106/mL; total defects of 81.4±15.9%, 73.8±15.4%, and 67.9±19.0%; major defects of 87.3±26.2%, 66.8±24.9% and 56.7±17.1%; and minor defects of 16.6±14.9%, 33.2±24.9%, and 43.3±17.1%, for same order of groups. Seven out of 70 bulls were considered satisfactory potential breeders. Results showed that semen pathology progressively decreased when SC increased.

Efeito da restrição pré e pós-natal sobre o crescimento dos depósitos de gordura de cordeiros Santa Inês

Effects of pre and postnatal nutritional restriction on allometric growth of internal fat deposits in Santa Ines lambs were evaluated Sixty eight lambs were randomly alloted to three different nutritional restriction:prenatal nutritional restriction (PRER), postnatal nutritional restriction (POSR), and a control group without nutritional restriction. Lambs of each group were randomly sampled and slaughtered at birth and weighing 10, 15, 25, 35 and 45kg. Fat depositts (omental, mesenteric, perirenal, pelvic and inguinal) of slaughtered lambs were recorded. At birth fat deposits were small for animals from treatment RPRE. From 15 to 35kg of live weight the amount of fat was similar for animals from all groups but lambs from PRER group, with live body weight heavier than 35kg, showed higher fat deposits except for pelvic fat. Prenatal nutritional restriction increased increased the omental, mesenteric, perirenal, and pelvic fat deposits and postnatal restriction decreased the inguinal fat deposits. Lambs from all groups showed a positive heterogenic development (b>1).

Composição corporal e exigências líqüidas em energia e proteína para ganho em peso de chinchilas (Chinchilla lanigera)

Foi avaliada a composicao da pele, do corpo sem extremidades, das extremidades corporais e a composicao corporal total e estimadas as exigencias liquidas de energia e proteina para ganho de peso da especie Chinchilla lanigera. Foram utilizados 18 animais, tendo sido abatidos seis animais juvenis com 40 dias de idade e 12 animais adultos (seis machos e seis femeas) com 750 dias de idade. Foi feito um teste de comparacao de medias para as composicoes das diferentes fracoes do corpo nas diferentes categorias animal. Foram ajustadas equacoes logaritmicas da quantidade corporal de proteina, gordura e energia, em funcao do logaritmo do peso corporal vazio. As exigencias liquidas em proteina e energia para ganho de peso foram obtidas por derivacao das equacoes de predicao da composicao corporal em proteina e energia. Foi verificada uma maior proporcao (P 0,05) entre as categorias. As quantidades de materia seca, proteina e gordura corporal, alteraram-se com o avanco da idade. Os animais juvenis apresentaram menor (P<0,05) percentual de materia seca e extrato etereo quando comparados com os adultos. As exigencias liquidas de proteina decresceram, enquanto que as exigencias energeticas se elevaram com o aumento da idade e peso dos animais.