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Naunyn-schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology | 1959

Spontane Reaktivierung der durch Alkylphosphate (Paraoxon, Systox, Isosystox) blockierten Cholinesterase in vitro

K. D. Friedberg; W. D. Erdmann

ZusammenfassungDie durch Paraoxon blockierte Cholinesterase von Pferdeserum zeigt eine erhebliche spontane Reaktivierung in vitro. Diese Erscheinung fehlt bei der Vergiftung des Serums mit Systox oder Isosystox. Das verschiedene Verhalten der 3 geprüften Diäthylphosphate ist darauf zurückzuführen, daß Paraoxon im Serum sehr schnell fermentativ zerstört wird (und zwar unabhängig von der Cholinesterase). Systox bzw. Isosystox bleiben dagegen im Serum lange erhalten und führen so zu einer ständigen Nachvergiftung der reaktivierten Esterasemoleküle. Durch Gefriertrocknung und Chloroform-Extraktion gelingt es nicht, überschüssiges Systox aus dem Serum zu entfernen. Nur nach Dialyse gegen unvergiftetes Serum wird auch hier eine spontane Reaktivierung sichtbar.


Naunyn-schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology | 1969

Untersuchungen über die antianaphylaktische Wirkung des Chlorophyllins

K. D. Friedberg; G. Garbe; J. Grützmacher

Summary1.In guinea pigs an acute and a prolonged anaphylactic shock is inhibited by Cu-chlorophyllin. This inhibitory effect was less prominent in a shock induced by anaphylatoxin.2.In all three kinds of shock Cu-chlorophyllin reduced mortality and the liberation of histamine into the plasma. This protective effect was maximal 4 hours after the agent had been injected intravenously.3.The complement-inhibiting effect of Cu-chlorophyllin is most prominent immediately following its intravenous injection. As this effect is almost completely reversed within an hour it cannot be responsible for the antianaphylactic effect observed.4.The protective effect of Cu-chlorophyllin against death in the various kinds of shock is not correlated to the inhibition of histamine release. It is concluded that additional factors, independent of histamine participate in all three forms of shock.


International Journal of Legal Medicine | 1974

Histaminspiegel und Lungenmastzellen bei Tod durch Verblutung

S. Berg; K. D. Friedberg; G. Garbe

SummaryThe continuous determination of the plasma histamine level during fractionated exsanguination of guinea pigs over a period of 40–60 min showed that considerable amounts of histamine are released in blood plasma in 1 or 2 waves. Accordingly, a reduction of the histamine content and the number of mast cells in the lung was observed, together with the development of disstorage forms to a degree comparable with the findings in anaphylatoxic shock. In man, too, after death by bleeding the number of mast cells in the perivascular connective tissue of the lungs was found to be less than with other causes of death with short agony.ZusammenfassungDie fortlaufende Bestimmung des Plasmahistaminspiegels bei fraktionierter Entblutung von Meerschweinchen über 40–60 min ergab, daß hierbei in 1 bis 2 Wellen erhebliche Histaminmengen im Blutplasma erscheinen. Parallel hierzu fand sich eine Reduktion des Histamingehaltes und der Mastzellzahl in der Lunge, verbunden mit der Entwicklung von Entspeicherungsformen in einem den Befunden beim Anaphylatoxinschock vergleichbaren Ausmaß. Auch beim Verblutungstod des Menschen fand sich im perivasculären Bindegewebe der Lungen eine geringere Mastzelldichte als bei anderen Todesarten mit kurzer Agonie.


Naunyn-schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology | 1971

Beeinflussung des reticulo-endothelialen Systems durch Cyclophosphamid, Endotoxin und Polyvinylpyridin-N-oxid

K. D. Friedberg; G. Garbe; M. Westermann

Summary1.The effect of endotoxin (1μg/kg i.v.) on the phagocytic activity of the reticulo-endothelial system (carbon-clearance test) has been studied in mice. There were two peaks of stimulation, 3 and 24 h after application. A high weight of the spleen was only seen at the second peak.2.Following cyclophosphamide (300 mg/kg i.V.), an initial increase in phagocytic activity (12 h) gave way to a subsequent long-lasting suppression, accompanied by a marked weight loss of the spleen.3.In mice treated with cyclophosphamide the phagocytic activity could be stimulated by endotoxin, but not to a degree achieved by endotoxin in untreated animals. Reduction of spleen weight by cyclophosphamide could not be reversed by endotoxin.4.Polyvinylpyridin-N-oxide (100 mg/kg i.v.)-an antisilicotic agent-stimulated phagocytic activity. This effect was transitory and disappeared within 8 days. We therefore assume that the long-lasting antisilicotic action cannot be mediated by elevated phagocytosis.5.Injection of polyvinylpyridin-N-oxide did not protect animals from the cytotoxic action of cyclophosphamide.


Naunyn-schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology | 1972

Properties of the histamine stores affected in the anaphylactic and anaphylatoxin shock of the guinea pig

G. Garbe; K. D. Friedberg

Summary1.Anaphylatoxin lowers the histamine content in the guinea pig lung. This decrease can be demonstrated only immediately after the shock. 1 h later the decrease is no longer significant and normal values are being restored within 1 day.2.The lung histamine content cannot be depressed to a larger extent and/or for a longer period of time by repeated anaphylatoxin injections neither during tachyphylaxis (every second hour) nor when tachyphylaxis is diminished (every day) nor when it has completely disappeared (every second day).3.Anaphylatoxin pretreatment (3 times every second hour) does not protect from the lethal effect of anaphylactic shock provoked either by a large or by a small dose of antigen. The plasma histamine level is only slightly decreased and a similar effect can be achieved by pretreatment with rat serum. Pretreatment with Ringer solution caused an increase in the plasma histamine level during anaphylactic shock. It seems unlikely that an anaphylactic shock can be diminished by a preceding depletion of the histamine stores with the aid of anaphylatoxin.


Naunyn-schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology | 1971

On the involvement of the kinin-system in anaphylactic shock of guinea pigs.

G. Garbe; R. Frank; K. D. Friedberg

Summary1.Kininogen and protein concentrations were determined in plasma of guinea pigs before and during anaphylactic shock.2.There was no correlation between kininogen and plasma protein in untreated animals (r=0.17; n=42).3.The alterations in kininogen and total protein were strongly correlated in acute and in protracted shock.4.Even 1.5 and 5 min after challenge, a consumption of kininogen could not be demonstrated.


Naunyn-schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology | 1967

Über die Histaminfreisetzung aus der Meerschweinchenlunge durch Anaphylatoxin in vivo

K. D. Friedberg; I. Poppe

I m Anaphylatoxin(AT)-Schock des Meereschweinchens kommt es zu einer starken ErhShung der Histaminkonzentrat ion im Blutplasma. Es ist bisher unklar, iawieweit die Lunge an dieser Histaminfreisetzung beteiligt ist. Die Frage interessiert uns besonders, weft der akute anaphylaktisehe Schock des Meerschweinchens, ffir den vornehmlieh die Liberierung endopulmonalen t t is tamins verantwortlich gemacht wird [3], nach eiaer intensiven Vorbehandlung mit AT unbeeinfluBt bleibt [1,2]. Wir haben den ~tistamingehalt yon Meerschweinchealungen nach einund mehrmaligen i.v. AT-Gaben verschiedene Zeiten nach dem Schock untersucht sowie Plasmahistaminbest immungen im AT-Schock (Blutentnahme 1,5 rain nach AT-Injektion aus der A. carotis) nach mehrfacher Vorbehandlung mit AT durchgefiihrt. Die I t is taminbest immung erfo]gte fluorometrisch [4]. An relativ groBen Tiergruppen (bedingt durch eiae erhebliche Streuung des Lungenhistamins sehon bei Normaltieren) fanden wir eine signifikante Senkung des Lungenhistamins nur dann, wenn die Tiere ohne den sonst verwendeten Antihistaminschutz dutch den Schock get6tet wurden. Schon 1 Std nach dem Schock war der Abfall des Lungenhistamins statistiseh nicht mehr zu sichern, auch dann nicht, wenn eine tagelange AT-Behandlung durchgeffihrt worden war. Nach 24 Std entsprachen die Werte ffir das Lungenhistamin den Kontrollen (Tab. 1). Weiterhin konnte gezeigt werden, dab nach einoder viermaliger i.v. Vorgabe yon AT (jewefls im Abstand yon 48 Std nach Abklingen der AT-Tachyphylaxie) im AT-Sehock immer w~eder eia g]eich starker An-


Naunyn-schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology | 1969

Zur Hemmung des anaphylaktischen Schocks durch Chlorophyllin

K. D. Friedberg; G. Garbe

Re/erences I. COHEN, A. E., L. D. SOHEEL, J. F. KOPP, F. R. STOCKEd, R. G. KE]~A~, J. T. MOUNTAIN, and H. J. PAVLUS: Amer. Ind. Hyg. Ass. J. 20, 303 (1959). 2. LAz)mEv, N. V., Z. L AB~A~aOVA u. Z. C. CER~¥: Gig. Tr. prof. ZaboL 8, 24 (1965). 3. MiDLO, Z., and B. SOU6FZK: Pracov. L6k. 5, 312 (1953). 4. MAGIST~L~I, )L, e E. P]~mo~: bled. d. Lavoro 52, 1 (1961). 5. PEIzK~, Z.: Pracov. L6k. 6, 17 (1954). 6. SOU6EK, B., Z. MAD~o u. H. HOLEXSOVS~: Arch. Gewerbepath. Gewerbehyg. 15, 531 (1957). 7. WRO~SK~-NOF]~, T., u. B. K v D ~ c ~ : Med. Pracy 16, 82 (1965).


Naunyn-schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology | 1972

Beeinflussung des reticulo-endothelialen Systems durch Chlorophyllin

G. Garbe; N. Cold; K. D. Friedberg

Summary1.The phagocytic activity of the reticulo-endothelial system in mice (carbon-clearance test) is depressed after intravenous injection of Cu-chlorophyllin. Both extent and duration of this reduction are dose-dependent and followed by a stimulation. The weights of liver and spleen are unchanged.2.Cu-chlorophyllin depresses the endotoxin (1 μg/kg i.v.) stimulated RES too. The first peak 3 h after endotoxin application is more affected by Cu-chlorophyllin than the second one, which is accompanied by an increased weight of the spleen.3.The carbon-suspension itself, which is used during the carbon-clearance test, stimulates the phagocytic activity from 8 h until 8 days. It increases the weight of the liver and spleen.4.From these results it is concluded that the reduction in phagocytic activity is due to a specific direct action of Cu-chlorophyllin on the phagocyting cells.


Naunyn-schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology | 1965

Anaphylaktischer Schock nach passiver Sensibilisierung am anaphylatoxinvorbehandelten Meerschweinchen

K. D. Friedberg; U. Bauer

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G. Garbe

University of Göttingen

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M. Westermann

University of Göttingen

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N. Cold

University of Göttingen

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R. Frank

University of Göttingen

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S. Berg

University of Göttingen

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U. Bauer

University of Göttingen

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W. D. Erdmann

University of Göttingen

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