Karina Carlesso Pagliarin

Instrumentos de avaliação breve da comunicação: ferramentas existentes e sua aplicabilidade clínica

TEMA: a avaliacao breve da comunicacao e um recurso util aos profissionais da saude, pois fornece informacoes que subsidiam tanto o diagnostico funcional, quanto o planejamento e a execucao de avaliacoes expandidas e de medidas de reabilitacao a serem realizados em cada caso. OBJETIVO: apresentar uma revisao sistematica acerca do uso de instrumentos padronizados de avaliacao breve da comunicacao e caracterizar as populacoes alvo descritas. CONCLUSAO: encontraram-se 18 artigos, com 10 instrumentos breves, sendo a populacao mais examinada a de pacientes pos-acidente vascular cerebral. Os componentes linguisticos prevalentes nas avaliacoes foram expressao, compreensao, leitura e escrita.

O tratamento com os róticos e a generalização obtida em dois modelos de terapia fonológica

This study had the aim to analyze both the phonological changes and the generalization obtained in the treatment with rothics in two models of phonological treatment. The sample consisted of four subjects diagnosed with phonological disorder, with ages between four and six years. All of them were assessed before and after the phonological therapy. Two groups were established for the treatment with rothics. One group was treated with ABAB - Withdrawal and Multiple Probes Model, and the other group with the Maximal Opposition Model. The phonological system and the occurrence of generalizations before and after the treatment were analyzed. It was found that none of the subjects acquired the rothics that were practiced in the treatment, however, the occurrence of generalization to untreated items was observed only in the subjects treated by the ABAB - Withdrawal and Multiple Probes model. The other types of generalization occurred in both models. The Maximal Opposition Model provided greatest changes in the phonological system of the subjects, which can have been favored by the other target-sound of the pair.

Rehabilitation of discourse impairments after acquired brain injury

Language impairments in patients with acquired brain injury can have a negative impact on social life as well as on other cognitive domains. Discourse impairments are among the most commonly reported communication deficits among patients with acquired brain damage. Despite advances in the development of diagnostic tools for detecting such impairments, few studies have investigated interventions to rehabilitate patients presenting with these conditions. Objective The aim of this study was to present a systematic review of the methods used in the rehabilitation of discourse following acquired brain injury. Methods The PubMed database was searched for articles using the following keywords: rehabilitation, neurological injury, communication and discursive abilities. Results A total of 162 abstracts were found, but only seven of these met criteria for inclusion in the review. Four studies involved samples of individuals with aphasia whereas three studies recruited samples of individuals with traumatic brain injury. Conclusion All but one article found that patient performance improved following participation in a discourse rehabilitation program.

Individual and sociocultural influences on language processing as assessed by the MTL-BR Battery

Background: The Montreal–Toulouse Language Assessment Battery—Brazilian version (MTL-BR) has been adapted, extensively revised, and redesigned from French to Brazilian Portuguese to assess components of spoken and written language, praxis, and arithmetical skills after brain injury. Aims: The aim of the present study was to verify the influence of age, education, and gender on healthy adults’ linguistic performance on the MTL-BR. Methods & Procedures: The sample consisted of 463 healthy adults recruited from cities in southern and southeastern Brazil, divided into groups according to gender, age (19–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and 60–75 years), and education level (5–8, 9–11 and >12 years of formal schooling); the influence of all these variables on MTL-BR performance was assessed. Outcomes & Results: The results showed that education had the greatest influence on subtest scores. Few scores appeared to be influenced by age, and only minimal gender differences were identified. Conclusions: The data obtained will contribute to the clinical assessment of patients with aphasia throughout Brazil.

Aspectos motores corporais e orais em um grupo de crianças com transtorno/atraso fonológico

PURPOSE: To compare the motor development and orofacial aspects in children with phonological disorder and delay. METHODS: The participants were 80 children with phonological deficits and ages ranging from five to 11 years, who belonged to the regular school system of a city in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. An interview with their parents was conducted, using a semi-structured questionnaire. After that, it was carried out the assessment of the subjects stomatognathic system and speech, and the diagnosis of phonological delay or disorder was confirmed. The Chi-square test and the Fisher test were used for statistical analysis, with significance level of 5% (p<0,05). RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the group with phonological delay and the group with phonological disorder in all aspects examined. CONCLUSION: Phonological delay and disorder do not show significant distinction regarding motor, oral and infectious aspects, together with deleterious oral habits, as shown by the homogeneity between the groups.

Instrumentos para avaliação da linguagem pós-lesão cerebrovascular esquerda

O tema deste estudo e a avaliacao padronizada da linguagem em pacientes com lesao cerebrovascular esquerda (LHE) que pode ser muito util no estabelecimento do diagnostico, prognostico e plano terapeutico, complementando observacao, entrevistas e tarefas clinicas. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar quais instrumentos de investigacao de linguagem tem sido utilizados para avaliacao de quadros neurologicos subitos envolvendo o hemisferio esquerdo (HE) e analisar quais componentes linguisticos sao os mais avaliados. Foi possivel identificar nove instrumentos utilizados internacionalmente que avaliam diferentes componentes linguisticos em pacientes com LHE; no contexto nacional, porem, foram encontradas apenas duas baterias para avaliacao dessa populacao, ficando evidente a necessidade da construcao e/ou de adaptacao de instrumentos para a populacao brasileira. Os componentes linguisticos mais investigados foram nomeacao e compreensao oral, respectivamente. A avaliacao da linguagem torna-se essencial nos quadros envolvendo o HE, pois deficits linguisticos podem acarretar prejuizos sociais, ocupacionais e familiares.

Advances in the treatment of children with phonological disorders.

Summary Introduction:u2003Treatment of phonological disorders considering extra-linguistic and linguistic variables are important to ensure that the alteration is resolved promptly and in the best manner as possible. Aim:u2003To analyze therapeutic advances (phonetic inventory, phonological system, and distinctive features) in children with phonological disorders by considering the therapeutic approach used, the severity of the phonological disorder, age, and the number of therapeutic sessions. Methods:u2003We conducted a case series study of 94 children aged 3 years, 9 months through 8 years, 5 months. The children were divided into groups based on the therapeutic approach used (Modified Cycles, Maximal Oppositions, ABAB-Withdrawal, and Multiple Probes), the severity of their phonological disorder, age, and the number of therapy sessions with each individual. Phonetic inventory, the phonological system, and the number of altered distinctive features were analyzed. Results:u2003The greater the number of therapy sessions, the greater the number of sounds acquired. The number of sounds present in the phonetic inventory and phonological system increased and the severity of the phonological disorder decreased with all of the therapeutic approaches studied. There was also a reduction in the incidence of altered distinctive features. Conclusion:u2003There was a favorable evolution in phonetic inventory and phonological system acquisitions as well as a reduction in the number of altered distinctive features for all 3 therapeutic models regardless of the severity of the phonological disorder, age, or number of sessions.