Karina Keller Marques da Costa Flaiban

Valores hematológicos de bugios pretos (Alouatta caraya) de vida livre da região do Alto Rio Paraná, sul do Brasil

The hematologic values and the influence of gender and age were described in 36 free-ranging healthy black-and-gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) from the region of Parana river, Southern Brazil. The animals were caught with trap models and intramuscularly anesthetized with 5.5mg/kg tilitamine/zolazepam hydrochlorides. The red blood cells were higher in females (4.48±1,36 vs. 3.58±0.91x106/mm3) while mean corpuscular volume (90.99±27.65 and 118.36±44.63 fL) and eosinophils (0.30±0.24 and 0.76±0.85x103/mm3) were significant higher in males. The packed cell volume (39.46±3.53 and 36.69±3.54%) and plasma total protein (7.91±0.53 and 7.40±0.63g/dL) were lower in juveniles.

Efeito alcalinizante de soluções eletrolíticas intravenosas com concentrações elevadas de lactato de sódio infundidas em bezerros sadios

The alkalinizing effects of electrolyte solutions with high concentration of sodium lactate were evaluated in healthy calves. Six solutions were formulated containing 28, 56 and 84mEq/L of lactate (L28, L56 and L84) or bicarbonate (B28, B56 and B84), and sodium, potassium and calcium concentrations similar to the lactated Ringers solution (LRS). The solutions containing sodium bicarbonate were used as a standard for comparison. Six calves received all six solutions intravenously, one at a time, with an interval of four to five days between the infusions, in a volume corresponding to 10% of body weight, during five hours (20mL/kg/h). Venous blood and urine samples were taken prior to the beginning of the infusion, at a half volume, at the end and two and a half hours after the end of the infusion. Total plasma protein concentration, urinary and blood pH, blood pCO2, HCO3- and BE, plasma and urine L lactate concentration and serum and urine Na+, K+, Cl- and creatinine concentrations were measured. The L28 solution, equal to LRS, caused a slight increase in the alkaline reserve, producing an alkalinizing effect insufficient for correction of metabolic acidosis states. The L84 solution was safe and produced the greater increase in the alkaline reserve, equivalent to B84 solution, and suitable for correcting a moderate degree of metabolic acidosis.

Efeito da solução de Ringer com lactato sobre os equilíbrios hidroeletrolítico e acidobase de equinos, ovelhas e bezerros sadios

The effects of lactated Ringers solution (LRS) on fl uid, electrolyte and acid-base balances were investigated in healthy horses, ewes and calves. LRS was intravenously infused in six adult horses, six adult ewes and fi ve calves in a volume corresponding to 10% of body weight, continously during four (ewes and calves) or six (horses) hours. Venous blood and urine samples were taken before the beginning, in the middle, at the end of the infusion and two (ewes and calves) or three (horses) hours after. Blood and urine pH, blood pCO 2 , HCO 3 - and BE, serum Na+,

Intoxicação espontânea de bovinos por Senna obtusifolia no Estado do Paraná

Plants of the genus Senna cause a degenerative myopathy in cattle and most of the reports refer to Senna occidentalis. The aim of this paper is to report, for the second time in Brazil, an outbreak of natural poisoning by Senna obtusifolia. It happened in the northwestern Parana in a herd of 200 cows, 45 to 152 months of age, which had been placed into a feedlot to improve their nutritional status before the calving period. The cows stayed for eight days in this feedlot infested by the plant. Four to nine days after they got into the feedlot, 20 cows became ill and only one recovered. The clinical signs consisted of myoglobinuria, incoordination and permanent sternal recumbency. The affected cows showed increased activity of creatine phosphokinase, aspartate aminotransferase, gama-glutamyltransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. The main postmortem changes were in skeletal muscles of the hind limbs characterized by pale areas. The histological alterations were multifocal segmental necrosis of skeletal muscles and hepatic multifocal paracentral necrosis. Epidemiological, clinical and pathological data led to the diagnosis of Senna obtusifolia poisoning. The plant showed miotoxic and hepatotoxic effects on the poisoned animals and the disease was almost always lethal.

Transferência de imunidade passiva em cordeiros de corte manejados extensivamente em clima tropical

Aspects related to passive transfer of immunity (PTI) were studied in 290 newborn lambs, crosses of Texel, kept with their mothers on extensive management intropical weather. Blood samples were taken between 24 and 36 hours of life. Serum gamma glutamyltransferase activity, total protein concentration, measured by refractometry and colorimetry, albumin, alfa, beta and gammaglobulins concentrations, measured by agarose gel electrophoresis, and IgG concentration estimated by the zinc sulphate turbidity test were determined. The lambs were grouped according to sex, ewe number of parturitions and body condition scoring, number of lambs born, birth weight and vitality. The risk factors for failure of passive transfer of immunity (FPT) were identified and the association with lamb mortality was tested. Correlations between variables were established. There was no effect of sex, number of parturitions of ewes and ewe body condition scoring on PTI of lambs. However there were differences between singles and twins and between lambs born with good or lightweight (<3 kg). The FPT was infrequent (12.4%), more likely in twins (p=0.026) and in lightweight lambs (p<0.001), and was strongly associated with lamb deaths up to 60 days of age (p<0.001). The global mortality rate was 11.3%; and 30.5% of the lambs with FPT died, almost all in their first month of life. The total protein concentration, measured by refractometry, was correlated (p<0.001) with gammaglobulins (r=0.816) and IgG (r=0.810); and values < 5.0g/dL can be accepted for the diagnosis of FPT. Under tropical weather conditions FTP must be considered infrequent in crossbred meat lambs. However the surveillance and care must be intensified with twins and lambs with low birth weight.

Meningoencefalite trombótica-induzida por Histophilus somni em bovinos da região norte do Paraná

Thrombotic meningoencephalitis (TME) is a fatal neurological disease of cattle, predominantly from North America, that is caused by Histophilus somniwith sporadic descriptions from other countries. This manuscript describes the occurrence of spontaneous TME in cattle from northern Parana, Brazil. Most cattle had acute neurological manifestations characteristic of brain dysfunction. Hematological and cerebrospinal fluid analyses were not suggestive of bacterial infections of the brain. Histopathology revealed meningoencephalitis with vasculitis and thrombosis of small vessels that contained discrete neutrophilic and/or lymphocytic infiltrates admixed with fibrin at the brainstem, cerebral cortex, and trigeminal nerve ganglion of all animals. All tissues from the central nervous system used during this study were previously characterized as negative for rabies virus by the direct immunofluorescence assay. PCR and RT-PCR assays investigated the participation of infectious agents associated with bovine neurological disease by targeting specific genes of H. somni, Listeria monocytogenes, bovine herpesvirus -1 and -5, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and ovine herpesvirus-2. PCR and subsequent sequencing resulted in partial fragments of the 16S rRNA gene of H. somni from brain sections of all animals with histopathological diagnosis of TME; all other PCR/RT-PCR assays were negative. These findings confirmed the participation of H. somni in the neuropathological disease observed in these animals, extend the geographical distribution of this disease, and support previous findings of H. somni from Brazil.

Intravenous administration of a polyionic solution containing 84 mEq/l of lactate resolves experimentally induced hyperchloraemic acidosis in horses

Reasons for performing study: Treatment of metabolic acidosis using sodium bicarbonate solutions is safe when blood gas analysis is available. The evidence that solutions containing metabolisable buffers can be used as an alternative for treatment of metabolic acidosis in horses is of practical interest. Objectives: To investigate the safety and efficacy of a polyionic solution containing 84 mEq/l of lactate (L84) for the correction of induced hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis. Study design: Non‐randomised crossover design. Methods: Five healthy, adult, crossbred horses were used. A solution containing 100 mmol/l of HCl was infused intravenously (100 ml/kg bwt) for 5 h to induce metabolic acidosis. Metabolic acidosis was induced in each horse twice, with a minimum 15‐day interval after recovery from the first induction: the first time no treatment was administered (control group) and the second time horses were treated with an intravenous infusion of L84 solution, 100 ml/kg bwt for 5 h, beginning 3 h after the end of HCl infusion. Venous blood samples were taken at 0, 2.5, 5, 8, 10.5, 13, 24 and 48 h; and urine at 0, 5, 8 and 13 h. Laboratory data included pH (blood and urine), PCO2, HCO3−, base excess, total plasma protein concentration, l‐lactate, Na+, K+, Cl−, strong ion difference (SID4), anion gap, change in plasma volume and fractional excretions of Na+, K+ and Cl−. Effects of time and treatment were tested by 2‐way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Severe hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis was induced. In the untreated horses, correction of the imbalance occurred gradually, and mild acidosis was still present at 48 h. In horses treated with the L84 solution, acidosis was corrected by the end of the infusion. There were no adverse effects with the administration of the L84 solution. Conclusions: A polyionic solution containing 84 mEq/l of lactate effectively corrected induced metabolic acidosis in horses within 5 h.

Hipocalcemia não puerperal em vacas leiteiras sob pastejo de aveia e azevém: estudo de fatores predisponentes

Non-parturient hypocalcaemia (NPH) is a rare and poor understood condition. There are no studies that explain its relationship with winter pasture intake. The aim of this study was to describe clinical aspects of two natural cases of NPH, and to study the mineral and electrolyte balance of high and medium producing dairy cows feeded with winter pasture in different growing stages. Two cases of NPH in lactating dairy cows, grazing in oat grass and perennial ryegrass in Francisco Beltrao, PR, Brazil, were described. Healthy lactating high producing Holstein cows (n=11) and medium producing Holstein (n=8) and Jersey (n=9) cows were selected from three farms located in the same municipality. They were maintained in a mixing pasture of oats and perennial ryegrass from June to October, and supplemented with corn silage. Blood, urine and ingested food samples were collected before treatment started (May), and during initial (June), intermediate (July) and final stages (September) of the grass maturation cycle. Serum and urinary concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, Na+, K+, Cl- and creatinine were determined, and their fractional excretion were calculated. Dry matter and Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cl and S concentrations were determined in food samples, and the dietary cation-anion difference was calculated. Based on clinical evidence we can assure that lactating dairy cows maintained in oat and perennial ryegrass pastures during the winter months can develop hypocalcaemia, showing signs and responding to treatment similar to classic puerperal hypocalcaemia, even in non-parturient period. Partial substitution of corn silage to oat and perennial ryegrass pasture did not cause electrolyte imbalances and did not interfere with the calcemia, phosphatemia or magnesemia of high and medium producing lactating dairy cows. Using winter forage as the only or main source of roughage in the diet can be the triggering factor for the disease, which can be related to excessive cation intake due to increased K concentration, especially during early stages of pasture growing.

Prognostic markers of canine pyometra

A piometra e doenca que acomete as femeas da especie canina de meia-idade a idosa durante o diestro. Aspectos hormonais, microbiologicos, hematologicos e bioquimicos sao bem descritos. Entretanto, sao poucos os estudos que avaliam o papel de cada um desses no prognostico da piometra canina. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar marcadores associados ao agravamento clinico de cadelas com piometra. Foram avaliadas prospectivamente 80 cadelas com piometra tratadas cirurgicamente. O grupo 1 foi composto por cadelas que receberam alta ate 48 horas de pos-operatorio, e o grupo 2 por aquelas que necessitaram de internamento prolongado ou morreram. Os achados hematologicos, bioquimicos e os niveis do lactato sanguineo foram comparados entre os grupos, e variaveis como multirresistencia bacteriana, sindrome da resposta inflamatoria sistemica (SIRS), hiperlactatemia e aumento da creatinina foram analisadas por meio da dispersao de frequencias entre os grupos. Entre as variaveis estudadas, a presenca de SIRS e a elevacao da creatinina serica >2,5mg/mL foram eficazes em predizer o agravamento da doenca e podem ser utilizadas como marcadores prognosticos da piometra canina.

Serum proteins variation in Nelore and Holstein calves from birth to six months

Estudos anteriores comprovaram que a producao ativa de imunoglobulinas e mais tardia em bezerros Nelore do que nos das racas Canchim ou Limousin, caracterizando possivel diferenca fisiologica entre zebuinos e taurinos. Esse trabalho tem o objetivo de comparar o proteinograma serico de bezerros Nelore e Holandeses ate os seis meses de vida. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas de 50 bezerros aparentemente sadios, 30 da raca Nelore e 20 da raca Holandesa, entre 24 e 36 horas de vida e aos 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 dias. Determinaram-se as concentracoes sericas de proteina total por colorimetria, das fracoes albumina, alfa, beta e gamaglobulinas por eletroforese em gel de agarose e de IgG estimada por meio do metodo de turvacao pelo sulfato de zinco. Empregou-se a analise de variância de medidas repetidas. A transferencia de imunidade passiva foi bem sucedida nos bezerros das duas racas e as variacoes das proteinas sericas obedeceram a um padrao de comportamento fisiologico ao longo dos seis primeiros meses de vida. A curva de variacao das gamaglobulinas representou a principal diferenca entre as racas. As concentracoes mais elevadas ao termino do primeiro dia de vida declinaram ate os valores mais reduzidos aos 60 dias na raca Nelore e aos 30 dias na raca Holandesa. A elevacao subsequente resultante da producao ativa de anticorpos foi mais precoce nos bezerros Holandeses (a partir dos 60 dias de vida) e mais tardia nos Nelore (a partir dos 90 dias de vida), o que indica que o desenvolvimento da capacidade de imunidade ativa pode ser de fato mais lento em zebuinos do que nos taurinos.