Priscilla Fajardo Valente Pereira

Fatores de risco, etiologia e aspectos clínicos da mastite em ovelhas de corte no Paraná

Mastits is infrequent in meat ewes. However Santa Ines ewes have a high incidence of this disease and it is severe and difficult to treat. The goal of this study was to characterize clinical, epidemiological and etiological aspects of clinical mastitis in meat ewes reared in the north of Parana, Brazil. Fifith four farms were visited from October 2009 to September 2010. The surveyed data included frequency, breeds of sheep affected, lamb mortality rates, main clinical signs, attempts and outcome of treatment, method and period of weaning and management features. Seventy ewes with clinical mastitis were fully examinated and samples of mammary secretion were asseptically taken for bacteriological culture. Mastitis was identified in 39 farms (72.3%) as a relevant problem (mean frequency was 6,74%). Chronic and acute mastitis were observed in 69% and 31% of the examinated ewes, respectively. In both cases, phlegmonous mastitis was the most prevalent form (65.5%). Coagulase negative Staphylococccus (CNS) was the main isolated microorganism (54.5%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Arcanobacterium pyogenes (11.5%, each one). Mannheimia haemolytica was found in two cases. The risk factors for clinical mastitis were intensive management system and Santa Ines breed. Weaning after 120 days of lactation and isolation of affected ewes were associated with lower frequency of mastitis. Preventive measures recommended are daily cleaning of facilities and delayed weaning, mainly in Santa Ines flocks.

Efeito da solução de Ringer com lactato sobre os equilíbrios hidroeletrolítico e acidobase de equinos, ovelhas e bezerros sadios

The effects of lactated Ringers solution (LRS) on fl uid, electrolyte and acid-base balances were investigated in healthy horses, ewes and calves. LRS was intravenously infused in six adult horses, six adult ewes and fi ve calves in a volume corresponding to 10% of body weight, continously during four (ewes and calves) or six (horses) hours. Venous blood and urine samples were taken before the beginning, in the middle, at the end of the infusion and two (ewes and calves) or three (horses) hours after. Blood and urine pH, blood pCO 2 , HCO 3 - and BE, serum Na+,

Intravenous administration of a polyionic solution containing 84 mEq/l of lactate resolves experimentally induced hyperchloraemic acidosis in horses

Reasons for performing study: Treatment of metabolic acidosis using sodium bicarbonate solutions is safe when blood gas analysis is available. The evidence that solutions containing metabolisable buffers can be used as an alternative for treatment of metabolic acidosis in horses is of practical interest. Objectives: To investigate the safety and efficacy of a polyionic solution containing 84 mEq/l of lactate (L84) for the correction of induced hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis. Study design: Non‐randomised crossover design. Methods: Five healthy, adult, crossbred horses were used. A solution containing 100 mmol/l of HCl was infused intravenously (100 ml/kg bwt) for 5 h to induce metabolic acidosis. Metabolic acidosis was induced in each horse twice, with a minimum 15‐day interval after recovery from the first induction: the first time no treatment was administered (control group) and the second time horses were treated with an intravenous infusion of L84 solution, 100 ml/kg bwt for 5 h, beginning 3 h after the end of HCl infusion. Venous blood samples were taken at 0, 2.5, 5, 8, 10.5, 13, 24 and 48 h; and urine at 0, 5, 8 and 13 h. Laboratory data included pH (blood and urine), PCO2, HCO3−, base excess, total plasma protein concentration, l‐lactate, Na+, K+, Cl−, strong ion difference (SID4), anion gap, change in plasma volume and fractional excretions of Na+, K+ and Cl−. Effects of time and treatment were tested by 2‐way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Severe hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis was induced. In the untreated horses, correction of the imbalance occurred gradually, and mild acidosis was still present at 48 h. In horses treated with the L84 solution, acidosis was corrected by the end of the infusion. There were no adverse effects with the administration of the L84 solution. Conclusions: A polyionic solution containing 84 mEq/l of lactate effectively corrected induced metabolic acidosis in horses within 5 h.

Efeito alcalinizante da solução de Ringer com lactato em ovelhas sadias e acidóticas

O estudo teve o objetivo de testar a hipotese de que o efeito alcalinizante da solucao de Ringer com lactato (SRL) pode ser maior nos animais portadores de acidose metabolica do que nos sadios, como consequencia da necessidade de retorno ao equilibrio. Seis ovelhas receberam a SRL em volume correspondente a 10% do peso corporal, administrada por infusao continua intravenosa, durante quatro horas, em duas condicoes definidas: enquanto eram saudaveis e apos a inducao experimental de acidose lactica ruminal aguda (ALRA). Amostras de sangue venoso e de urina foram colhidas em quatro momentos: antes do inicio da infusao, na metade do volume infundido, ao termino da infusao e duas horas apos. Foram determinados valores de pH sanguineo e urinario, de pCO2, HCO3 - e BE no sangue, de Na+, K+, Cl-, SID, AG, PPT, Atot e lactato L no plasma, e das excrecoes fracionadas urinarias de Na+, K+, Cl- e lactato L. A SRL provocou hemodiluicao, mas nao interferiu nos equilibrios eletrolitico e acidobase das ovelhas sadias. Apesar de eficaz para reverter a desidratacao, nao foi capaz de corrigir a acidose metabolica presente apos a inducao da ALRA.

Cerebrospinal fluid changes in cattle with rabies or with BoHV-5 meningoencephalitis and its correlation with the severity of CNS inflammatory process

Abstract The objective of this study was to describe and compare the changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of cattle affected by rabies or BoHV-5 meningoencephalitis and correlating them with the severity of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. Samples of CSF and CNS tissues from cattle naturally infected with rabies virus (n = 17) and BoHV-5 (n = 17) were examined. Histologically, meningitis was classified according to the type and quantity of inflammatory cells. The lesions observed in the brain parenchyma and in the spinal cord that defined the presence of inflammatory process were perivascular cuffs, gliosis and glial nodules. CSF mononuclear pleocytosis and high protein concentration were present in both diseases, but 47% of rabies cattle had no changes, and the median number of leukocytes was 5.4 fold higher (p

Histophilus somni -associated syndromes in sheep from Southern Brazil

Histophilus somni is a Gram-negative bacterium that is associated with a disease complex (termed histophilosis) that can produce several clinical syndromes predominantly in cattle, but also in sheep. Histophilosis is well described in North America, Canada, and in some European countries. In Brazil, histophilosis has been described in cattle with respiratory, reproductive, and systemic disease, with only one case described in sheep. This report describes the occurrence of Histophilus somni-associated disease in sheep from Southern Brazil. Eight sheep with different clinical manifestations from five farms were investigated by a combination of pathological and molecular diagnostic methods to identify additional cases of histophilosis in sheep from Brazil. The principal pathological lesions were thrombotic meningoencephalitis, fibrinous bronchopneumonia, pulmonary abscesses, and necrotizing myocarditis. The main clinical syndromes associated with H. somni were thrombotic meningoencephalitis (n = 4), septicemia (n = 4), bronchopneumonia (n = 4), and myocarditis (n = 3). H. somni DNA was amplified from multiple tissues of all sheep with clinical syndromes of histophilosis; sequencing confirmed the PCR results. Further, PCR assays to detect Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica were negative. These findings confirmed the participation of H. somni in the clinical syndromes investigated during this study, and adds to the previous report of histophilosis in sheep from Brazil.