Kátia Regina Freitas Schwan-Estrada

Postharvest conservation of yellow passion fruit from lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) derivatives

O maracuja-amarelo ( Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa, Deg.) e uma das principais frutiferas cultivadas no Brasil. O manejo pos-colheita representa fator limitante para o maracuja-amarelo, pois ocorre aumento na suscetibilidade a doencas e a alteracoes fisico-quimicas no fruto. Objetivando aumentar a vida util de frutos do maracujazeiro, foi avaliado o efeito de produtos alternativos derivados de capim-limao ( Cymbopogon citratus ) sobre as caracteristicas fisico-quimicas de frutos do maracujazeiro em pos-colheita. Foram avaliados o oleo essencial (0,025, 0,05 e 0,1%), extrato aquoso (10%), hidrolato (5 e 10%) e citral (0,1%) em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repeticoes. Foram avaliados o indice de murchamento, rendimento de suco, reducao de massa, diâmetros longitudinal e equatorial, coloracao da casca, solidos soluveis totais, acucares redutores, acucares nao redutores, acucares totais, pH, acidez total titulavel, vitamina C e a relacao solidos soluveis totais e acidez total titulavel. Os frutos de maracuja-amarelo foram tratados apos a colheita e as avaliacoes foram realizadas durante 15 dias de armazenamento dos frutos sob condicoes de temperatura ambiente. Os derivados de C. citratus promoveram alteracoes nos atributos fisico-quimicos dos frutos de maracuja-amarelo. Melhores resultados foram obtidos com oleo essencial a 0,1% que promoveu maior rendimento de suco e menor perda de peso nos frutos tratados, representando alternativa na conservacao pos-colheita. O produto citral 0,1% mostrou efeito fitotoxico, comprometendo os atributos fisico-quimicos relacionados a maturacao e qualidade dos frutos. Abstract The yellow passion fruit ( Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa , Deg.) is one of the major fruit crops in Brazil. The post-harvest management is a limiting factor for the culture because there is an increase in susceptibility to diseases and physicochemical changes in the fruit. With the objective of increasing the shelf life of passion fruits, it was evaluated the effect of alternative products derived from lemon grass ( Cymbopogon citratus ) on the physicochemical characteristics of passion fruit in postharvest. It was evaluated the essential oil (0.025, 0.05 and 0.1%), aqueous extract (10%), hydrolate (5 and 10%) and citral (0.1%) in a completely randomized design with four replications. It was also evaluated the rate of wilting, the juiciness, mass reduction, longitudinal and equatorial diameters, peel color, soluble solids, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, total sugars, pH, titratable acidity, vitamin C and the relation between total soluble solids and titratable total acidity. The fruits of passion fruit were treated after harvest and assessments were performed during 15 days of storage of the fruits under ambient temperature conditions. The lemon Grass derivatives promoted changes in physicochemical attributes of the passion fruits. Best results were obtained with 0.1% essential oil that promoted higher juice yield and less weight loss in the treated fruits, representing alternative for the postharvest conservation of the fruits. The citral product showed phytotoxic effect, affecting the physical and chemical attributes related to maturation and fruit quality.

Quebra de dormência de videiras cv. Benitaka com o uso de hidrolato de pau-d'alho (Gallesia integrifolia)

In tropical regions, with the help of applying chemicals to induce dormancy, it is possible to obtain two grapevine annual harvests. However the effectiveness of the use of these products is questionable because of its high toxicity is a concern. In this sense, the objective of this study was evaluate the effect of a hydrolate obtained from Gallesia integrifolia in the sprouting, yield and enzyme activity of peroxidase and catalase on grapevines Benitaka. The experiment was realized in commercial vineyard in the city of Marialva, state of Parana, Brazil, in two consecutive cycles: 2011, August to December and 2012, January to July. The treatments consisted of the following doses of Gallesia hydrolate: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mL L-1, besides the positive control with hydrogen cyanamid to 20 mL L-1. It was evaluated the following variables: percentage of sprouting, number of clusters, cluster weight, yield (t ha-1), activity of catalase and peroxidase and content of reducing sugars in the buds. For the percentage of sprouting, there was a quadratic effect depending on the doses of Gallesia hydrolate with budburst estimated maximum doses of 108.8 and 97 mL L-1 of hydrolate for the first and second cycle, respectively, with similar results to treatment with hydrogen cyanamid. Treatments with Gallesia hydrolate also increased the number and the mass of clusters and the yield, with a quadratic effect depending on the dose. It was also verified the reduced activity of catalase, peroxidase and for the reduced sugars in the buds for plants treated with Gallesia hydrolate, showing its mode of action via oxidative stress, similar to the effect of treatment with conventional hydrogen Cyanamid. Based on the results obtained the Gallesia hydrolate in the doses between 100 and 150 mL L-1 can be an alternative to break dormancy of grapevine Benitaka in tropical regions for sustainable viticulture.

Plant Defense Enzymes Activated in Bean Plants by Aqueous Extract from Pycnoporus sanguineus Fruiting Body

© 2012 Stangarlin et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Plant Defense Enzymes Activated in Bean Plants by Aqueous Extract from Pycnoporus sanguineus Fruiting Body