Kazim Sahin

Effects of chromium, and ascorbic acid supplementation on growth, carcass traits, serum metabolites, and antioxidant status of broiler chickens reared at a high ambient temperature (32°C)

Abstract This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of chromium (chromium picolinate, CrPic) and vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, and serum concentrations of T 3 (Triiodothyronine), T 4 (Thyroxine), insulin, corticosterone, glucose, cholesterol, MDA as indicator of lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde), vitamin C, and vitamin E in broiler chickens (Ross) reared under heat stress (32°C). One day-old 120 male broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups, 3 replicates of 10 birds each. The birds were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with either 400 mg of Cr/kg of diet, 250 mg of L-ascorbic acid/kg of diet, or 400 mg of Cr plus 250 mg of L-ascorbic acid/kg of diet. Separately or as a combination, supplemental chromium and vitamin C increased body weight gain ( P P P P P P 3 , T 4 , but a decrease in corticosterone ( P P P P

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate activates Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

AIMS Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in the kidney. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumorigenic properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of EGCG on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and potential mechanisms by which it enhances antioxidant activities and resolves inflammation after EGCG treatment during cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. MAIN METHODS Twenty-eight rats were divided into four groups as control (group 1; no treatment; n=7), EGCG (group 2; n=7), cisplatin (group 3; n=7) or cisplatin and EGCG (group 4; n=7). After 2 days of EGCG treatment at a dose of l00 mg/kg BW, rats were treated with a single i.p. injection of cisplatin (7 mg/kg BW). On day 12 (10days after the cisplatin treatment), all rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The level of protein was examined by Western blotting. KEY FINDINGS Cisplatin caused a significant decrease in the expression nuclear levels of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), and an increase in the levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB p65) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) an oxidative stress marker. EGCG supplementation significantly improved the changes associated with cisplatin nephrotoxicity by increasing levels of Nrf-2 and HO-1, and decreasing levels of NF-kappaB and HNE. Renal activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) and glutathione were significantly lower in cisplatin-treated rats compared with control rats, and EGCG treatment significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione (P<0.001). SIGNIFICANCE The results suggest that Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway may be the primary target for prevention of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by EGCG, and that reduces it inflammation by inhibiting NF-kappaB.

Effects of Vitamin C and Vitamin E on Lipid Peroxidation Status, Serum Hormone, Metabolite, and Mineral Concentrations of Japanese Quails Reared under Heat Stress (34º C)

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) and vitamin E (a-tocopherol acetate) on lipid peroxidation status measured as MDA and serum triiodothyronine...

Optimal dietary concentration of chromium for alleviating the effect of heat stress on growth, carcass qualities, and some serum metabolites of broiler chickens

This study was conducted to determine the effects of chromium (chromium picolinate, CrPic) supplementation at various levels (0, 200, 400, 800, or 1200 µ/kg of diet) on performance, carcass characteristics, and some serum metabolites of broiler chickens (Ross) reared under heat stress (32.8°C). One hundred fifty old male broilers were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups, 3 replicates of 10 birds each. The birds were fed either a control diet or the control diet supplemented with either 200, 400, 800, or 1200 µg Cr/kg of diet. Increased supplemental chromium resulted in an increase in body weight (p=0.01, linear), feed intake (p≤0.05, linear), and carcass characteristics (p≤0.05, linear) and improved feed efficiency (p=0.01, linear). Increased supplemental chromium decreased serum corticosterone concentration (p=0.01, linear), whereas it increased serum insulin and T3 and T4 concentrations (p=0.01). Serum glucose and cholesterol concentrations decreased (p=0.01), whereas protein concentrations increased linearly (p=0.001) with higher dietary chromium supplementation. Results of the present study conclude that a supplementation of diet with chromium at 1200 ppb can alleviate the detrimental effects of heat stress in broiler.

Role of dietary zinc in heat-stressed poultry: A review

High ambient temperatures compromise performance and productivity through reducing feed intake and decreasing nutrient utilization, growth rate, egg production, egg quality, and feed efficiency, which lead to economic losses in poultry. Environmental stress also leads to oxidative stress associated with a reduced antioxidant status in the bird in vivo, as reflected by increased oxidative damage and lowered plasma concentrations of antioxidant vitamins (e.g., vitamins E, A, and C) and minerals (e.g., Zn). Zinc has an important role in numerous biological processes in avian and mammalian species. For instance, Zn is an essential component of many enzymes, and it has both structural and catalytic functions in metalloenzymes. Furthermore, dietary Zn is required for normal immune function as well as proper skeletal development and maintenance. One of the most important functions of Zn is related to its antioxidant role and its participation in the antioxidant defense system. This work compiles past and present information about the role of Zn in heat-stressed poultry health.

Melatonin suppresses cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity via activation of Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway.

BackgroundCisplatin, one of the most effective and potent anticancer drugs, is used in the treatment of a wide variety of both pediatric and adult malignancies. However, the chemotherapeutic use of cisplatin is limited by its serious side-effects such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Cisplatin chemotherapy induces a reduction in the antioxidant status, leading to a failure of the antioxidant defense against free-radical damage generated by antitumor drugs. Cisplatin-induced oxidative stress in the kidney was partially prevented by antioxidant treatments using superoxide dismutase, glutathione, selenium and flavonoids. Melatonin and its metabolites possess free-radical scavenging activity and it has been shown that they protect against cisplatin toxicity. However, the mechanism of the protective effects of melatonin against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is still essentially unknown. We therefore designed this study to investigate the underlying mechanism of the protective effect of melatonin against cisplatin-induced renal damage in a rat nephrotoxicity model in vivo.MethodsTwenty eight 8-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of control, melatonin treatment (4 mg/kg b.w i.p. for 10 days), cisplatin treatment (7 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) and melatonin and cisplatin combination treatment. Serum urea nitrogen (urea-N) and creatinine levels were measured. Histopathological changes were evaluated. In addition, we analyzed the expression levels of HO-1, Nrf2, NF-κB and AP-1 in Western blot analysis.ResultsBoth serum creatinine and urea nitrogen increased significantly following cisplatin administration alone; these values decreased significantly with melatonin co-treatment of cisplatin-treated rats. Histological analysis showed that cisplatin caused damage in the proximal tubular cells in the kidneys of cisplatin-treated rats; these changes were reversed by melatonin co-treatment. Upon Western blot analysis, melatonin treatment increased Nrf2 accumulation in the nuclear fraction, and increased the expression of HO-1 in the cytosolic fraction as compared to the cisplatin-treated rats. Expressions of NF-κB p65 and AP-1 were increased significantly in the kidneys of rats treated with cisplatin compared with the expression in the kidneys from the control, melatonin-only-treated and melatonin co-treated rats.ConclusionOur present data suggest that melatonin attenuates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity possibly by modulating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.

COMPARISON OF SERUM COPPER, ZINC, CALCIUM, AND MAGNESIUM LEVELS IN PREECLAMPTIC AND HEALTHY PREGNANT WOMEN

Deficient or excessive levels of blood trace elements can be an adverse factor in human and animal pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate possible differences in the levels of serum magnesium, calcium, copper, and zinc in preeclamptic and healthy pregnant women. Samples were collected from 30 preeclamptic (PE) and 30 healthy pregnant (HP) women. The serum copper concentration was significantly lower in the PE group by 68% (p<0.0001) when compared to the healthy controls. The serum zinc and calcium were 43% and 10% lower in the PE women, respectively (both with p<0.0001), whereas the magnesium concentration showed nonsignificant differences between the two groups. Measurement of these elements may be useful for the early diagnosis of a preeclamptic condition.

Lycopene in Cancer Prevention and Treatment

Dietary intake of lycopene is inversely associated with the risk of many cancers. Preclinical studies show that lycopene has potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects, suggesting potential preventive and therapeutic roles for the compound. However, clinical trials with lycopene have only recently been started, and available clinical data preclude firm conclusions with regard to its use in cancer prevention and treatment. Further mechanistic studies and randomized controlled clinical intervention trials with lycopene involving cancer patients are warranted.

Effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on lipid peroxidation, blood serum metabolites, and mineral concentrations of laying hens reared at high ambient temperature

This study was conducted to determine the effects of vitamin C (l-ascorbic acid) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol acetate) on serum concentrations of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and some metabolite and mineral in laying hens reared at high ambient temperatures ranging from 25°C to 35°C. One hundred twenty laying hens (18 wk old; Hy-Line) were divided into 4 groups, 30 hens per group. The laying hens were fed either a basal diet (control) or the basal diet supplemented with either 250 mg of l-ascorbic acid/kg of diet (vitamin C), 250 mg of α-tocopherol acetate/kg of diet (vitamin E), or 250 mg of l-ascorbic acid plus 250 mg α-tocopherol acetate/kg of diet (combination). Separately or as a combination vitamins C and E increased serum vitamin C and vitamin E concentrations (p<0.001) but decreased serum MDA concentration (p<0.05). Serum concentrations of vitamin E and vitamin C were found highest but serum MDA concentration was lowest in the combination group. Supplemental vitamins C and E either separately or in a combination increased serum T3 and T4 concentrations (p<0.05), whereas decreased serum ACTH concentration (p<0.01). Serum glucose and cholesterol concentrations decreased, whereas serum protein concentration increased (p<0.05) when vitamins C and E singly or together were added to the diet. Vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation resulted in an increase in serum concentrations of Ca, P, and K (p<0.01) but a decrease in serum concentration of Na (p<0.05). The results of the present study suggest that supplemental vitamin C and vitamin E alter serum lipid peroxidation, vitamin C, vitamin E and metabolite status, and diets supplemented with a combination of these two vitamins offer a good management practice in laying hens reared at high temperatures. In addition, the results suggest that dietary vitamin C and vitamin E act synergistically.

Effects of dietary chromium and zinc on egg production, egg quality, and some blood metabolites of laying hens reared under low ambient temperature.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of chromium (chromium picolinate, CrPic) and zinc (ZnSO4·H2O) on egg production, egg quality, and serum insulin, corticosterone, glucose, cholesterol, and total protein concentrations of laying hens reared under a low ambient temperature (6.8°C). One hundred twenty laying hens (Hy-Line; 32 wk old) were divided into 4 groups, 30 hens per group. The laying hens were fed the control diet (T1) or the control diet supplemented with either 400 µg of Cr/kg of diet (T2), 30 mg of Zn/kg of diet (T3), or 400 µg of Cr plus 30 mg of Zn/kg of diet (T4).Although the dry matter intake (DMI) was similar (p>0.05) for all treatment groups, supplemental chromium and zinc either individually or together increased live-weight change, egg production, and improved feed efficiency (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between T4 and T2 or T3. Compared to T1, supplemental chromium and zinc increased egg weight, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, egg specific gravity, and Haugh unit (p<0.05) in T2, T3, and T4 groups, among which there was no significant difference. Serum insulin concentration increased (p<0.05) and corticosterone concentration decreased (p<0.05) with dietary chromium and zinc supplementation. Serum glucose and cholesterol concentrations decreased (p<0.05) and protein concentrations increased (p<0.001) with dietary chromium and zinc supplementation in all treatment groups. The results of this study indicated that either supplemental dietary chromium or zinc increased plasma insulin and decreased corticosterone concentrations and that had a positive effect on performance of laying hens under low ambient temperature.