Ken-ichi Ishikawa

Content and behavior of fluorine in Japanese quaternary volcanic rocks and petrogenetic application

Abstract Fluorine contents in about 160 representative Quaternary volcanic rocks and 15 hornblende and biotite phenocrysts in a calc-alkali series in Japan have been determined by a selective ion-electrode method. Tholeiites have the lowest contents and the narrowest range (58–145 ppm), while alkali basalts have the highest contentws and the widest range (301–666 ppm), high-alumina basalts have intermediate values (188–292 ppm). F contents in basalts clearly increase from east to west across the Japanese Islands, as do alkalies, P2O5 REE, U, Th and H2O. The volcanic rocks studied are divided into two groups on the basis of F: (1) witt, increasing % SiO2 or advancing fractionation, F contents show either progressive enrichment; or (2) with increasing fractionation, F contents show rather constant values. The former is produced by fractionation of anhydrous phases from basalt to mafic andesite magmas; the tholeiite series of Nasu volcanic zone (outer zone), northeastern, Japan is a typical example. The latter group is derived through separation of amphibole-bearing phases from basaltic magmas at various depths from upper mantle (about 30 km) to upper crust; the alkali series in southwestern Japan and the calc-alkali series of Chokai volcanic zone (inner zone), northeastern Japan, are examples.

Second-order autocorrelation of XUV FEL pulses via time resolved two-photon single ionization of He

Second-order autocorrelation spectra of XUV free-electron laser pulses from the Spring-8 Compact SASE Source (SCSS) have been recorded by time and momentum resolved detection of two-photon single ionization of He at 20.45 eV using a split-mirror delay-stage in combination with high-resolution recoil-ion momentum spectroscopy (COLTRIMS). From the autocorrelation trace we extract a coherence time of 8 ± 2 fs and a mean pulse duration of 28 ± 5 fs, much shorter than estimations based on electron bunch-length measurements. Simulations within the partial coherence model [Opt. Lett. 35, 3441 (2010)] are in agreement with experiment if a pulse-front tilt across the FEL beam diameter is taken into account that leads to a temporal shift of about 6 fs between both pulse replicas.

Competition of resonant and nonresonant paths in resonance-enhanced two-photon single ionization of He by an ultrashort extreme-ultraviolet pulse

The photoelectron angular distribution from the resonant two-photon ionization of He by femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet pulses dramatically varies with pulse width, due to changing competition between resonant and nonresonant ionization paths.

Time-dependent complete active-space self-consistent field method for multielectron dynamics in intense laser fields

Time-dependent complete active-space self-consistent field (TD-CASSCF) method is developed. It introduces the concept of frozen-core, dynamical-core, and active orbital subspaces, allowing compact yet accurate representation of ionization dynamics in many-electron systems.

Competition of sequential and direct paths in two-photon ionization of He

We study the photoelectron angular distribution (PAD) from the two-photon ionization (TPI) of He by femtosecond EUV pulses. The calculation with the time-dependent Schrodinger equation (TDSE) and the measurement at the SPring-8 EUV-FEL show reasonable agreement. The extracted relative phase δ between the s and d wave packets are distinct from that between the corresponding eigenstates, due to the competition between sequential and direct ionization paths. When the pulse is resonant with an excited level, the sequential and direct TPI compete with each other, and δ and the PAD depend on the pulse width. On the other hand, when the Ry-dberg manifold is coherently excited, δ does not vary with the pulse width.