L. B. Crowell

Explanation of the Motionless Electromagnetic Generator with O(3) Electrodynamics

Recently, Bearden el al. developed a device which is known as a motionless electromagnetic generator (MEG) and which produces a coefficient of performance (COP) far in excess of unity. The device has been independently replicated by Naudin. In this communication, the fundamental operational principle of the MEG is explained using a version of higher symmetry electrodynamics known as O(3) electrodynamics, which is based on the empirical existence of two circular polarization states of electromagnetic radiation, and which has been developed extensively in the literature. The theoretical explanation of the MEG with O(3) electrodynamics is straightforward: Magnetic energy is taken directly ex vacua and used to replenish the permanent magnets of the MEG device, which therefore produces a source of energy that, in theory, can be replenished indefinitely from the vacuum. Such a result is incomprehensible in U(1) Maxwell-Heaviside electrodynamics.

Self-Inconsistencies of the U(1) Theory of Electrodynamics: Michelson Interferometry

The Michelson interferogram from perfectly reflecting mirrors does not exist in the U(1) gauge theory of electrodynamics, which is therefore seriously flawed. The adoption of an O(3) internal gauge field symmetry allows these flaws to be remedied self-consistently and leads to several developments in electrodynamics, enriching the subject considerably.

Generalized Uncertainty Principle for Quantum Fields in Curved Spacetime

Quantum fields in curved spacetimes have scattering processes that exhibit decoherence. This is due to the partition of spacetime, and consequentially the Hilbert space, by horizons. The acceleration or gravity normal to these horizons is the determinant of the temperature associated with these horizons. Here we examine the vacuum as measured by an accelerated observer somewhat differently. Thermal creation and annihilation operators act upon pure states to determine thermal distributions of states. The resultant properties of these operators are such that these operators act on a pure state description of a squeezed vacuum to produce increased uncertainty in both conjugate variables. This then demonstrates that the uncertainty relationship of quantum mechanics is more general.

Derivation of O(3) Electrodynamics from the Irreducible Representations of the Einstein Group

By considering the irreducible representations of the Einstein group (the Lie group of general relativity), Sachs [1] has shown that the electromagnetic field tensor can be developed in terms of a metric qμ, which is a set of four quaternion-valued components of four-vector. Using this method, it is shown that the electromagnetic field vanishes [1] in flat spacetime, and that electromagnetism in general is a non-Abelian field theory. In this paper the non-Abelian component of the field tensor is developed to show the presence of the B(3) field of the O(3) electrodynamics, and the basic structure of O(3) electrodynamics is shown to be a sub-structure of general relativity as developed by Sachs. The extensive empirical evidence for both theories is summarized.

Derivation of O(3) Electrodynamics from the Einstein–Sachs Theory of General Relativity

General relativity is reduced to O(3) electrodynamics by consideration of the irreducible representations of the Einstein group and through a particular choice of basis. The photon is shown always to possess a scalar curvature R, and so the origin of quantization is found in general relativity.

Anti-Gravity Effects in the Sachs Theory of Electrodynamics

It is demonstrated to a first approximation that anti-gravity effects can occur in the most general theory of electromagnetism, developed by Sachs [1] from the irreducible representations of the Einstein group.

Inconsistencies of the U(1) Theory of Electrodynamics: Stress Energy Momentum Tensor

The internal gauge space of electrodynamics considered as a U(1) gauge field theory is a scalar. This leads to the result that in free space, and for plane waves, the Poynting vector and energy vanish. This result is consistent with the fact that U(1) gauge field theory results in a null third Stokes parameter, meaning again that the field energy vanishes in free space. A self consistent definition of the stress energy momentum tensor is obtained with a Yang Mills theory applied with an O(3) symmetry internal gauge space. This theory produces the third Stokes parameter self consistently in terms of the self-dual Evans-Vigier fields B(3).

A General Theory of Non-Abelian Electrodynamics

The general theory of gauge fields is used to develop a theory of electrodynamics in which the fundamental structure is non-Abelian and in which the internal gauge field symmetry is O(3), based on the existence of circular polarization and the third Stokes parameter. The theory is used to provide an explanation for the Sagnac effect with platform at rest and in motion. The Sagnac formula is obtained by considering the platform in motion to be a gauge transformation. The topological phases can be described straightforwardly with non Abelian electrodynamics, which produces a novel magnetic field component for all types of radiation, a component which is proportional to the third Stokes parameter. The theory provides a natural explanation for the inverse Faraday effect without phenomenology.

Derivation of the B (3) Field and Concomitant Vacuum Energy Density from the Sachs Theory of Electrodynamics

The archetypical and phaseless vacuum magnetic flux density of O(3) electrodynamics, the B(3) field, is derived from the irreducible representation of the Einstein group and is shown to be accompanied by a vacuum energy density which depends directly on the square of the scalar curvature R of curved spacetime. The B(3) field and the vacuum energy density are obtained respectively from the non-Abelian part of the field tensor Fμν and the non-Abelian part of the metrical field equation. Both of these terms are given by Sachs [5].

Quantum Optical Detection of the Holographic Principle

This paper proposes a quantum optical method for the detection of length fluctuations due to the holographic principle. This optical interferometric alternative to the atomic interferometry proposed by Y. Jack Ng [1] would be simpler for an experimentalist to conduct.