Laksmi Ambarsari

Biosensor H2O2 by Using Immobilized Horseradish PeroxidaseGlutaraldehyde on Carbon Polyaniline Nanofiber Composite

Mutations in the AGK gene are known to cause Sengers Syndrome, a rare recessive disorder characterized by congenital cataracts, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, exercise intolerance and lactic acidosis with normal mental development. Since the first report in 1975 by Sengers et al. about 50 individuals have been described as having this syndrome. Here we report two novel mutations in the AGK gene in two patients with neonatal Sengers syndrome.

Characterization and Toxicity of Temulawak Curcuminoid Nanoparticles

Temulawak exctract contains curcuminoids which have anticancer potential. However, clinical application of curcuminoid has been limited due to its low bioavailability. One of the efforts that can be developed to solve this problem is incorporated curcuminoids into Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) carriers system. The objective of this study was to characterize dan evaluate anticancer potential of temulawak ethanolic fraction nanoparticles. HPLC method was used to determined curcuminoids content of temulawak ethanolic fraction. Characterization indicators like polydispersity index, particle size, morpholgy, and entrapment efficiency. HPLC chromatogram has shown of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin were found in temulawak ethanolic fraction. The particle size of nanoparticles obtained in this study was 648.4 ± 95 nm with polydispersity index value of 0.216. A uniform size distribution of nanoparticles as observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The entrapment efficiency of curcuminoid in nanoparticles was about 29.8%. Based on results of BSLT obtained temulawak extract Lethal Concentration (LC50) value of 213.24 ppm and 828.78 ppm of nanoparticles.

Molecular Interaction Analysis of COX-2 against Curcuminoid and Xanthorizol Ligand as Anti Breast Cancer using Molecular Docking

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer in the world that occurs in women. Thedevelopment process of cancer is regulated by a variety of pathways that involve various enzymes. COX-2 is an enzyme involved in the inflammatory process in further stages that will play importantroles in breast cancer cells progression. The uses of natural compound from plants give new hope forbreast cancer treatment with minimal side effects. Temulawak is a potential breast cancer drugs because it contains curcuminoid and xanthorizol. Curcumin and xanthorizol has been reported to have chemopreventive effect on colon cancer development. The drug that has same functions of these compounds needed to be examined with various approaches. One of the approach used in this research is molecular docking. Based on ligand analysis with Lipinski and toxicity test using ADMET, curcuminoid and xanthorizol met criteria as medicinal compounds. Curcumin had the highest binding affinity(?G) with the value -9.3 kcal/mol but still under commercial drug celecoxib binding affinity (?G) = -12,5. There were three hydrogen bonds in amino acid Arg 106 and Tyr 341 His 75 which were amino acids in the active side of COX-2. There were 15 amino acids that have similar ties with commercial drug celecoxib. Based on the binding affinity and binding similiarity, curcuminoid and xanthorizol were predicted as compounds that have potential as competitive inhibitor of COX-2 enzyme.

Antihyperglicemic Activity of Curcuma Xanthorrizha Roxb. Nanocurcuminoid Emulsion on Streptozotocin Induced Sprague-Dawley Rat

Curcuminoid, a natural compound isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza RoxB (Temulawak) has been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial and anti-hyperglicemic properties. The curcuminoid is weakly soluble in water that restricts its bioavailability. This problem could be overcome by incorporating curcuminoid into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). Nanocurcuminoid was prepare by using homogenization-ultra sonication methods. Nanocurcuminoid obtained in this study was 523.5 nm in size and polydispersity index of 0.218 with entrapment efficiency of 24.2 %. Rats were made diabetic by induction of 50 mg / kg BW STZ, treated with the chosen formula (doses 5, 10, 20 mg/kg BW) orally for 15 days. Body weight and blood glucose levels were measured from day 0, 4 th ,7 th ,11 th and 15 th . The results showed that 15 days of daily treatment of 10 mg/kg BW nanocurcuminoid emulsion led to a reduction of blood glucose level by 30.93±14.90 % and body weight by 15.5±13.92 %. Curcuminoid formulated in solid lipid nanoparticles could suppress a decrease in body weight and lower blood glucose levels of rats.

Anti-inflammatory Activity of Temulawak Nanocurcuminoid Coated with Palmitic Acid in The Sprague Dawley Rat

Temulawak or Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb, is usually used as traditional medicine (herbal medicine) that has antioxidant, anticancer, antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and gastroprotective properties. The main components contained in temulawak responsible for its efficacy as a medicine are xantorhizol and curcuminoid. Curcuminoid has drawbacks, which are difficult to absorb and very quickly metabolized by the body, so that limit its bioavailability. The use of solid lipid nanoparticle carrier system (SLN) in form of palmitic acid, is known to improve the bioavailability of curcuminoid. This study aims to find the effective dose of nanocurcuminoid coated with palmitic acid that can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent. The methods used in this study, include the production of nanocurcuminoid with homogenization and ultrasonication methods, determination of particle size, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency and anti-inflammatory activity test through rat feet edema. Nanocurcuminoid obtained in this study was 561.53 nm in size, with polydispersity index 0.309 and concentrations of curcuminoid absorbed and entrapment efficiency were 0.61±0.031 mg/mL, 58.93±3.021%, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity of nanocurcuminoid through treated Sprague Dawley rats, showed that there were no significant difference compared with the positive control, curcuminoid extracts and empty nanoparticle. These results indicate that nanocurcuminoid with 175, 200 and 250 mg/kg.bw in doses, has greater anti-inflammatory activity (31.70%) compared to the other treatments.

The Addition Effects of Glucose as a Co-substrate on Xylitol Production by Candida guilliermondii

High cost production is one of the constraints of the commercial xylitol production due to high energy needed and pure raw materials. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the xylitol production eficiently with lower production cost by using microorganisms. The research objectives were to determine the optimum xylitol production from xylose by metabolism of C. guilliermondii and effect of glucose as a co-substrate in fermentation medium. The ratio of glucose : xylose (g/L) was 1:25, 1:12, 1:5 and 1:2.5 respectively. The xylitol concentration was measured by spectrophotometer method (D-sorbytol/D-xylitol kit). The result showed that the exponential phase of Candida guilliermondii was 12 h to 36 of incubation and optimum of incubation time to produce the highest xylitol was 72 h. The best ratio- of glucose : xylose to produce xylitol was 9 g/L glucose : 45 g/L xylose (1 : 5). The xylitol concentration produced from medium with the addition of glucose was 2.85 g/L. This concentration increased five times compared to that in the medium without addition of glucose that only reached 2.85 g/L. According to this study, the addition of glucose as a co-substrate could increase the xylitol production.