Larissa Pereira Ribeiro

Desempenho agronômico e divergência genética entre genótipos de feijão-caupi cultivados no ecótono Cerrado/Pantanal

The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance and genetic divergence among genotypes of cowpea in the Cerrado/Pantanal ecotone region. The experiment was conducted in 2008 in the experimental area of the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, University Unit of Aquidauana (UEMS/UUA). Treatments consisted of 20 genotypes of cowpea arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Was evaluated the following characters: beginning of the flowering, beginning of the maturation, mass of five pods, grain mass of five pods, grain index, mass of 100 grains and grain yield. The genetic divergence between treatments was determined based on the clustering analysis and the canonical variables. The genotype BRS-17 Gurgueia showed higher grain yield. Hybrids with high heterotic effect will be obtained from crosses of Pingode-ouro-2 strain with BRS 17-Gurgueia and BRS-Paraguassu cultivars.

Cluster analysis applied to the spatial and temporal variability of monthly rainfall in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil

The State of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) located in Brazil Midwest is devoid of climatological studies, mainly in the characterization of rainfall regime and producers’ meteorological systems and rain inhibitors. This state has different soil and climatic characteristics distributed among three biomes: Cerrado, Atlantic Forest and Pantanal. This study aimed to apply the cluster analysis using Ward’s algorithm and identify those meteorological systems that affect the rainfall regime in the biomes. The rainfall data of 32 stations (sites) of the MS State were obtained from the Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA) database, collected from 1954 to 2013. In each of the 384 monthly rainfall temporal series was calculated the average and applied the Ward’s algorithm to identify spatial and temporal variability of rainfall. Bartlett’s test revealed only in January homogeneous variance at all sites. Run test showed that there was no increase or decrease in trend of monthly rainfall. Cluster analysis identified five rainfall homogeneous regions in the MS State, followed by three seasons (rainy, transitional and dry). The rainy season occurs during the months of November, December, January, February and March. The transitional season ranges between the months of April and May, September and October. The dry season occurs in June, July and August. The groups G1, G4 and G5 are influenced by South Atlantic Subtropical Anticyclone (SASA), Chaco’s Low (CL), Bolivia’s High (BH), Low Levels Jet (LLJ) and South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) and Maden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). Group G2 is influenced by Upper Tropospheric Cyclonic Vortex (UTCV) and Front Systems (FS). The group G3 is affected by UTCV, FS and SACZ. The meteorological systems’ interaction that operates in each biome and the altitude causes the rainfall spatial and temporal diversity in MS State.

Redes neurais artificiais para identificar genótipos de feijão‑caupi semiprostrado com alta adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípicas

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a concordância entre as redes neurais artificiais (RNAs) e o metodo de Eberhart & Russel na identificacao de genotipos de feijao-caupi (Vigna unguiculata) com alta adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotipicas. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com quatro repeticoes. Os tratamentos consistiram de 18 linhagens experimentais e duas cultivares de feijao-caupi. Foram conduzidos quatro ensaios de valor de cultivo e uso nos municipios de Aquidauana, Chapadao do Sul e Dourados, no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Os dados de produtividade de graos foram submetidos as analises de variância individual e conjunta. Em seguida, os dados foram submetidos as analises de adaptabilidade e estabilidade por meio dos metodos de Eberhart & Russell e de RNAs. Houve elevada concordância entre os metodos avaliados quanto a discriminacao da adaptabilidade fenotipica dos genotipos de feijao-caupi semiprostrado, o que indica que as RNAs podem ser utilizadas em programas de melhoramento genetico. Em ambos os metodos avaliados, os genotipos BRS Xiquexique, TE97-304G-12 e MNC99-542F-5 sao recomendados para ambientes desfavoraveis, gerais e favoraveis, respectivamente, por apresentarem produtividade de graos acima da media geral dos ambientes e alta estabilidade fenotipica.

Spatial Interpolation of Annual Rainfall in the State Mato Grosso Do Sul (Brazil) Using Different Transitive Theoretical Mathematical Models

Based on the interpolation method ordinary kriging, it was compared the spherical, exponential, Gaussian and circular models that best fits in the spatial distribution of mean annual precipitation for the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). The rainfall data from 32 sites were obtained from the database of the National Water Agency - ANA, in the period 1954-2013. The variographic parameters evaluated were nugget effect, level and reach. From these, were calculated the Index of Spatial Dependence. The criteria used to choose the best transitive theoretical mathematical model were the root of the root mean square error (RMSE), Pearson‟s correlation coefficient (d), mean absolute error (EMA) and mean error percentage (EMP), index of agreement (d) and coefficient of determination (R²). The transitive theoretical mathematical models circular, spherical and Gaussian and can be used with satisfactory performance for data interpolation of annual rainfall in State of Mato Grosso do Sul.

Número de repetições para avaliação de caracteres em genótipos de feijão-caupi

The objective of this study was to determine the number of measurements (replicates) necessary to predict the performance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes. Twenty genotypes of cowpea to growth habit erect and twenty semi-prostrate were carried out in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, in six and four trials, respectively. It was conducted ten trials in randomized complete blocks design with four replicates. The character length of pod, weight of pod, weight of grains per pod, number of seeds per pod, weight of hundred grains and grain yield were measured. Assumptions of the mathematical model were examined, analysis of variance was performed, the repeatability coefficient was estimated and the number of replicates was calculated. Trials with four replicates identify superior cowpea genotypes in relation to length of pod, weight of pod, weight of grains per pod, number of seeds per pod, weight of hundred grains and grain yield characters, with, respectively, 84.57, 75.62, 73.14, 75.25, 81.53 and 79.19% accuracy of the true prognostic value.

Resposta de cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha a doses de biofertilizantes de aves

Fertilizers are more and more imported, and such a fact makes so that the use of treated waste is an economical and sustainable alternative for fodder production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of bio-fertilizer from birds on forage yield of Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst.) Stapf. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications in a factorial arrangement. The first factor consisted of the cultivars Marandu and Piata, while the second factor corresponded to doses of bio-fertilizer from birds (0, 50, 100 and 150 m3 ha-1). The following morphometric aspects were evaluated: plant height (PH), leaf blade length (LBL), leaf blade width (LBW) at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after emergence (DAE) and green and dry matter (GM and DM, respectively), stem and roots at 60 DAE. The dose of 50 m3 ha-1of bio-fertilizers from birds promoted increasing morphometric characteristics and forage yield of cultivars Marandu and Piata, while doses of 100 and 150 m3 ha-1caused the death of these cultivars.

Changes in past global solar radiation based on climate models and remote sensing in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

The objective of this study was to perform a temporal and spatial analysis of the changes in the past global solar radiation based on climate models and remote sensing data in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil for the baseline period (1961-1990). Data from two climate models the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis and Geophysical Fluid Dynamic Laboratory, were used for the A1B intermediate scenario, data from Conventional Weather Stations and orbital sensor Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MODIS Land Cover Type (MCD12Q1). The results of the Spatial Dependence Degree indicate that the best model to represent the global solar radiation is CCCMA-Exponential dry 70.01 and rainy 0.21 respectively. It was possible to verify that in places where the areas are occupied by forests there was reduction of global solar radiation for both dry and rainy periods of approximately 13 MJ md. These results indicate that these forest areas can function as islands of freshness, while maintaining the thermal comfort balanced. It was concluded that the dry period had the highest values of solar radiation compared to the rainy (57%), which can be justified by the occurrence of fires in Rio de Janeiro.

Influence of green manures on epiedaphic macrofauna in cerrado/pantanal ecotone

The aim of this study was to determine the similarity between nine species of green manure regarding the occurrence of epiedaphic macrofauna. The experiment was conducted during the months of August 2014 to July 2015 at the Crop Science sector of the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Unit of Aquidauana. Treatmentes evaluated were: Canavalia ensiformes, Dolichos lablab, Mucuna pruriens, Mucuna aterrima, Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Cajanus cajan, Cajanus cajan and two control (fallow area and native vegetation). Experimental design was completely randomized with two replications. Each plot consists of 10 lines with 4.5 m long. Epiedaphic macrofauna inhabiting the interphase between the vegetation cover and the soil surface was collected weekly by the Pitfall model. Individuals collected in all green manure species in the same month were added and subjected to cluster analysis. The months of September and October composed group 2 due to higher averages of epiedaphic macrofauna individuals. The month of July had the highest number of individuals from Isoptera order, composing the group 3. The month of November was in which was collected the greatest number of individuals from Hymenoptera order, which has allocated this month in group 4. The others months of the year formed the group 1, indicating that the region climatic conditions in this period do not affect significantly the distribution of epiedaphic macrofauna individuals.

Produção de gramíneas forrageiras tropicais sob diferentes níveis de sombreamento

This study aimed to evaluate the forage production of three tropical forage grasses under different shading levels. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, University Unit of Aquidauana (UEMS/UUA), in a soil classified as Ultisol sandy loam texture. The treatments consisted of three grasses species combinations (B. brizantha cv. Marandu, B. decumbens cv. Basilisck and Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania), submitted to four shading levels (0, 30, 50 and 75%), arranged in a completely randomized blocks design in a factorial 3 x 4, with eight replications. After harvest, the plants were separated into shoot and roots for determination of shoot fresh mass (SFM), shoot dry mass (SDM) and roots dry mass production. After analysis of variance, the qualitative factor was subjected to comparison of averages by Tukey’s test, and the quantitative factor to analysis of polynomial regression, being interactions appropriately unfolded. It was verified that B. decumbens, by its linearly increasing production of forage and less decrease of root formation, is the most recommended for shading conditions compared to grasses Tanzania and Marandu.

Contribuição dos caracteres de qualidade da forragem ao teor de proteína bruta em Urochloa brizantha

The objective of this work was to identify which qualitative characters can be used in the direct and indirect selections for high-protein content of Urochloa brizantha genotypes. Nine genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design, with two replicates. The following qualitative traits were studied: volume of packed gas in fast and slow fractions, crude protein, acid and neutral detergent fibers, cellulose, lignin, silica, and in vitro digestibility of organic matter. The in vitro digestibility of organic matter is indicated for both direct and indirect selections of U. brizantha genotypes with higher crude protein content.