Larissa Rafaela Galatti

Coaches’ development in Brazil: structure of sports organizational programmes

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to analyse the organisational structure of the programmes offered by the Brazilian Sports Federations and the Brazilian Academy of Coaches (ABT) in order to prepare coaches to work in the performance sport context. Data were collected from three information sources (online pages from the Federations/ABT, e-mail and by phone). While some Federations structure their programmes in progressive levels related to different contexts of performance (beginner, development, performance), others prioritise, through the levels, the depth of the knowledge related to coaching, regardless of the coach’s professional performance context. The ABT programmes are focused on the development of athletes and teams in a long-term sports development context. Some implications from the findings are discussed for the ongoing improvement process of the organisation of coach education in Brazil.

Efeito da idade na no basquete FIBA mundo em baixa categorías (1979-2011)

Resumen: El efecto de la edad relativa, en inglés, relative age effect (RAE) ha sido ampliamente estudiado en deporte, pero generalmente se centra en estudios realizados en un mismo año o en una misma temporada. El presente trabajo incluye una amplia muestra de Campeonatos del Mundo de Baloncesto FIBA que abarca desde 1979 hasta el 2011, analizando las fechas de nacimiento de 3699 jugadores de baloncesto (1975 hombres y 1724 mujeres) participantes en categorías U17, U19 y U21. Mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado y utilizando como distribución de contraste la distribución de probabilidad uniforme corregida en función de los días de cada trimestre, se ha encontrado un efecto de la edad relativa en el baloncesto masculino y en el femenino y también agrupando ambos géneros de forma conjunta. Además el efecto de la edad relativa se presenta en todas las categorías de edad (U17, U19 y U21) tanto en el baloncesto masculino como en el femenino (excepto en U21 masculino), siendo en ambos casos más pronunciado en las competiciones en las que participan los deportistas más jóvenes (U17) y progresivamente menos acentuado hasta llegar a las competiciones donde los deportistas tienen más edad (U21). Palabras clave: Edad cronológica, baloncesto, toma de decisión, maduración, efecto de la edad relativa. Abstract: The relative age effect (RAE) has been widely studied in sports, however these studies are generally focused on the same academic year or sport season. A large sample of FIBA Basketball World Championship between 1979 and 2011 had been included in the current paper, analysing birth dates of 3699 basketball players (1975 men and 1724 women) participants in U17, U19 and U21 categories. Chi-square goodness-of-fit tests were used to compare the trimester of birth distribution (corrected based on the days of each trimester), it has been found a relative age effect in male and female basketball also gathering together both genders. In addition the relative age effect occurs in all age categories (U17, U19 and U21) in both men’s and women’s basketball (except males in U21), being more strong in both cases in the competitions in which younger athletes (U17) participate and progressively less pronounced up to competitions where athletes are older (U21)

O Programa Segundo Tempo (PST) em municípios brasileiros: indicadores de resultado no macrossistema

The “Segundo Tempo” Program (PST) is the largest social program aimed at the youth participation in sport currently in Brazil. However, we still know little about the scope of its objectives, particularly in relation to the macro-system. The aim of this study is to analyze the scope of the PST in relation to the democratization of access to sport practice and culture. This is an exploratory study in PST context. Secondary data from public access and official agencies managed was used. It was taken as macro-indicator the Human Development Index of Municipalities (HDIM), number of agreements and the estimated population of municipalities that have maintained agreements with the Ministry of Sports for the PST from 2003 to 2013. We conclude that the municipalities with the best social indicators and structure for sport practice have more access to the PST, and can keep it longer.

FORMAÇÃO DE JOGADORES DE FUTEBOL: PRINCÍPIOS E PRESSUPOSTOS PARA COMPOSIÇÃO DE UMA PROPOSTA PEDAGÓGICA

The organization of a pedagogical proposal for teaching and coaching football should consider different contextual factors and focus on demands necessary for progress. This is a descriptive-purposeful study intended to characterize principles and assumptions, pointing guiding and specific principles for a proposed curriculum for the educational process in football. Those guiding and specific principles correspond to the theory objectively constituted to act in that game, in different stages of training. Assumptions are solutions to problems occasionally faced. Therefore, sports training should not only provide responses to its participants, but also enable players to solve unexpected problems.

Effects of Youth Participation in Extra-Curricular Sport Programs on Perceived Self-Efficacy: A Multilevel Analysis:

The present study examined extracurricular sport participation variables and developmental context in relationship to perceived self-efficacy among underserved adolescents. Participants (n = 821, 13.6 ± 1.5 years) completed the Youth Experience in Sport questionnaire and General Self-Efficacy Scale. We used the Human Development Index (HDI) to characterize developmental contexts. Multilevel regression models were used to explore the relative contributions of age, sex, years of participation in extracurricular sport, HDI, and perceived positive experience in sport. Our results highlight that positive experience alone and in interaction with length of participation in the program fostered perceived self-efficacy. Participants from higher HDI contexts remained longer in the program. An implication of our research is that variables linked to positive sport experiences and perceived self-efficacy can be used as markers to evaluate the outcomes and impact of sport participation programs aimed at promoting positive youth development.

Coaches’ perceptions of youth players’ development in a professional soccer club in Brazil: paradoxes between the game and those who play

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify the conceptions and the pedagogical procedures of coaches in relation to the development of life skills and those skills specific to soccer training. The sample consisted of eight youth sport coaches working within a Brazilian club that recently hosted the senior world championship. Semi-structured interviews were used to generate data, which, in turn, underwent a content analysis. The results indicated that coaches, in general, develop specific skills; in other words, they work with activities close to the reality of the matches. The pedagogical procedures on, the other hand, implicitly (not intentionally) focused on life skills, directed to the players’ personal and social development. Thus, it was noted that the priority was directed towards the development of sport-specific skills, with relatively little concern given to the athletes’ wider education.

PRODUÇÃO ACADÊMICA EM FUTEBOL E FUTSAL FEMININO: ESTADO DA ARTE DOS ARTIGOS CIENTÍFICOS NACIONAIS NA ÁREA DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA

Este estudo tem como objetivo mapear a producao de artigos cientificos nacionais sobre futebol e futsal feminino. Analisamos 38 periodicos da area da Educacao Fisica, indexados pela Qualis Capes na area 21, que publicam estudos relacionados a esportes. Os 76 artigos encontrados foram enquadrados em nove categorias e divididos por ano de publicacao. Os resultados mostraram que as primeiras publicacoes ocorreram no final da decada de 1990, com um aumento significativo a partir do ano de 2008. Nesse mesmo periodo foi criada a Revista Brasileira de Futsal e Futebol , principal veiculo de publicacao sobre as modalidades. Encontramos uma distribuicao homogenea de homens e mulheres como primeiros autores, sendo a coautoria majoritariamente masculina. Verificamos que os estudos sobre genero representam, aproximadamente, um terco de toda a publicacao sobre as modalidades. Esse resultado reforca a importância da discussao sobre o empoderamento feminino para o desenvolvimento do futebol e futsal feminino.

Liderança, treinador e futebol: Descrição de publicações em periódicos brasileiros

The aim of the research was to analyze the published articles in Brazilian periodicals which addressed the terms leadership, soccer and coach. This research was carried out in eight national periodicals in Physical Education field, considering the articles published between 2000 and 2014. The result showed a total of 108 articles, of which 30 articles (27,77%) addressed the three terms together. Between them, a content analysis was carried out in 12 articles, being identified that most of the articles investigated the professional soccer, 75% used the questioner as search instrument, 8,3% observation and 8,3% documental analysis. The articles were classified in terms of which 66,66% contemplated behavior, 25% thinking and 8,3% career development. We conclude that the research needs to treat the coach’s characteristics and the construction of evaluation instruments, since no articles were found in these themes, in addition, the need for further research is emphasized. KEY-WORDS: Leadership. Coach. Soccer. 32 Correspondência: Larissa Rafaela Galatti – Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas da Unicamp – R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300 Caixa Postal 1068, CEP 13484-350 – Limeira – São Paulo 291 — RPCD 17 (S1.A): 290-297 293 — RPCD 17 (S1.A) INTRODUÇÃO A dinamicidade dos acontecimentos no mundo contemporâneo reconfigura a dinâmica das organizações e grupos sociais, trazendo um olhar para além das especificidades das tarefas e focando também para as relações humanas. No caso do esporte, a função do treinador passou a ser visualizada não somente a partir dos conhecimentos sobre o jogo, mas também com base na liderança, na gestão das pessoas do grupo. Galatti e colaboradores(3) destacam que as pesquisas sobre o treinador esportivo em periódicos brasileiros vêm aumentando e com direcionamento para o pensamento e comportamento do treinador e especificamente com foco na percepção e no estilo de liderança. No futebol, a publicação de diversas biografias de treinadores de sucesso ressalta ainda mais a conjunção entre Liderança, Treinador e Futebol. Dentre essa conjuntura, torna-se necessário compreender o contexto complexo de aprendizagem e intervenção do treinador em sua respectiva modalidade, obtendo como suporte experiências práticas e resultados de pesquisas científicas. Assim, o estudo com ênfase no futebol tem como objetivo apresentar um panorama das publicações em periódicos brasileiros da área de educação física que abordam os termos, liderança, treinador e futebol.

Developmental Benefits of Extracurricular Sports Participation Among Brazilian Youth

Youth sporting activities have been explored as a way to impact positive personal transformation and development, glaringly demonstrated by world-wide investments in public policies, programs, and projects. We studied positive effects of participation in sports on the developmental assets of 614 adolescents (13.1 ± 1.7 years) actively engaged in extracurricular sport programs targeted at socially disadvantaged youths, from five municipalities across five states of the southern, south-eastern and north-eastern regions of Brazil. Participants responded to a developmental assets questionnaire designed to capture sociodemographic and human development data. Multilevel logistic regression was used to explore associations between years of participation in sport and human development indicators, controlling for age and sex. Our results showed that the quality of the young people’s support network and duration of program participation positively influenced sport participation, which, in turn, was associated with willingness to learn. A strong association was also observed between sport participation and developmental assets. Thus, we offer new evidence of a relationship between positive development and environmental factors in which individual and contextual forces can be aligned, and we provide new reference data for developing countries.

DIÁLOGOS SOBRE O ENSINO DOS ESPORTES: FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA POR MEIO DA PESQUISA-AÇÃO

This research focused on the consequences of a collaborative training experience in the conceptions and ways Physical Education teachers teach collective sports games. Action research was conducted with five teachers and included 26 study meetings of which 21 were theoretical and five were practical. The results show that it is possible to change the conceptions and the ways Physical Education teachers teach collective sports games. Educators working under the traditional model based on execution and repetition of motor gestures can change their understanding of the sports phenomenon. However, the project is long and hard, and it needs to be well grounded on theoretical foundations related to the tactical dimension, combining theoretical and practical study and being conducted by researchers with expertise on the topic.