Lee Es

Extranodal NK / T‐cell lymphoma with cutaneous involvement: ‘nasal’ vs. ‘nasal‐type’ subgroups— a retrospective study of 18 patients

Background  Extranodal natural killer T (NK/T) cell lymphoma is subcategorized into ‘nasal’ and ‘nasal‐type’ NK/T‐cell lymphomas according to the primary sites of anatomical involvement.

Characteristics of cutaneous cytomegalovirus infection in non-acquired immune deficiency syndrome, immunocompromised patients.

Background  Although cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is a severe complication among immunocompromised patients, its cutaneous features have not been frequently reported. As herpes simple virus (HSV) infection commonly develops in CMV skin lesions, a study is needed on the pathogenetic role of CMV in cutaneous lesion formation.

The use of dermoscopy for the diagnosis of trichotillomania

© 2008 The Authors JEADV 2009, 23, 702–738 Journal compilation

Effective delivery of immunosuppressive drug molecules by silica coated iron oxide nanoparticles

Iron oxide nanoparticles have been used in a wide range of biomedical applications, including drug delivery, molecular imaging, and cellular imaging. Various surface modifications have been applied to the particles to stabilize their surface and to give them a moiety for anchoring tags and/or drug molecules. Conventional methods of delivering immunosuppressant drugs often require a high dose of drugs to ensure therapeutic effects, but this can lead to toxic side effects. In this study, we used silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IOSs) for a drug delivery application in which the nanoparticles carry the minimum amount of drug required to be effective to the target cells. IOSs could be loaded with water-insoluble immunosuppressive drug molecules (MPA: mycophenolic acid) and be used as a contrast agent for MRI. We characterized the IOSs for their physicochemical properties and found their average hydrodynamic diameter and core size to be 40.5nm and 5nm, respectively. Following the introduction of MPA-loaded IOSs (IOS/M), we evaluated the secretion dynamics of cytokines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The results showed that IOS/M effectively inhibited the secretion of the cytokines interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor α, with a minimal concentration of MPA. In conclusion, IOS/M may have potential applications in both efficient drug delivery and MRI.

Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis associated with autoimmune hepatitis

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Congenital combined dermal and epidermal melanocytosis: a new entity?

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A Microfluidic Approach to Investigating a Synergistic Effect of Tobramycin and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

In recent years, a microfluidic technology has contributed a significant role in biological research, specifically for the study of biofilms. Bacterial biofilms are a source of infections and contamination in the environment due to an extra polymeric matrix. Inadequate uses of antibiotics make the bacterial biofilms antibiotic resistant. Therefore, it is important to determine the effective concentration of antibiotics in order to eliminate bacterial biofilms. The present microfluidic study was carried out to analyze the activities of tobramycin and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms with a continuous flow in order to achieve a greater delivery of the agents. The results show that a co-treatment of tobramycin and SDS significantly reduced the biomass of biofilms (by more than 99%) after 24 h. Tobramycin and SDS killed and detached bacteria in the cores of biofilms. Evidently, our data suggest that a microchannel would be effective for both quantitative and qualitative evaluations in order to test combinatorial effect of drugs and chemicals on a complexed biological system including biofilm.

Cd10 is expressed in dermatofibromas

SIR, CD10, a cell-surface neutral endopeptidase, was initially considered to be a tumour-specific antigen of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia lymphoblasts. Since then, it has also been described in a number of normal and neoplastic lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues including lymph node, kidney, small intestine, lung and skin. We have recently found the expression of CD10 in skin appendages such as dermal sheath cells of hair follicles and specialized mesenchymal cells (onychofibroblasts) in the nail unit; these findings suggest that CD10 may be a useful marker for specialized mesenchymal cells of the skin. Dermatofibroma (DF), also known as benign fibrous histiocytoma, is a common fibrohistiocytic tumour involving the skin. It is composed mainly of tumour cells forming a storiform growth pattern with overlying reactive epidermal changes. Characteristically, the tumour cells in DFs express factor XIIIa in almost all cases. In this study, we examined the immunohistochemical localization of CD10 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from 19 cases of DF (17 fibrous and two cellular types) and compared results with other markers including factor XIIIa and CD34. Monoclonal antibodies to CD10 (1 : 50; clone 56C6; Novocastra, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.), factor XIIIa (1 : 50; Biogenex, San Ramon, CA, U.S.A.) and CD34 (1 : 50; Dako, Carpinteria, CA, U.S.A.) were used. We found that CD10 was expressed in the cytoplasm of tumour cells in all 19 DFs (Fig. 1). It was expressed in more than 60% of tumour cells in all DFs. In addition, factor XIIIa was positive and CD34 was negative in all DFs (data not shown). It has previously been reported that CD10 was expressed in some mesenchymal tumours, suggesting that its use is of value in the differential diagnosis of mesenchymal tumours. Our results also indicate that CD10 may be a useful additional marker for DFs. Previous studies indicated that DFs demonstrate histiocytic, myofibroblastic and fibroblastic differentiation and are probably of primitive mesenchymal origin. The alternative term, dermal dendrocytoma, has also been suggested for DF on the basis of immunohistochemical studies using antibodies to factor XIIIa. There is some evidence of a relationship between DF and hair follicles. DFs are seen only rarely on the palms and soles, where hair follicles are absent. Occasionally, a distinctive type of basaloid hyperplasia occurs with differentiation into primitive hair follicle tissue. Induction of both hair follicle tissue and sebaceous gland-like tissue has been noted in 33% of DFs. In addition, our previous study showed CD10 expression in dermal sheath cells of hair follicles, but not dermal fibroblasts. Based on these findings, and the results of the present study, DF may be derived from mesenchymal cells such as dermal sheath cells of hair follicles.

Human papillomavirus–associated recurrent plantar epidermal cysts in a patient after organ transplantation

© 2008 The Authors JEADV 2009, 23 , 835–862 Journal compilation

A case of acquired multiple plaque-like glomangiomyoma

on the preauricular area (Fig. 1). The shape of the lesions fitted the skin contact area of the lid of the cellular phone. After we diagnosed one patient with cellular phone dermatitis, we could easily identify cellular phone dermatitis in the other two patients, as they presented with the same type of preauricular eczema. One patient had an additional contact dermatitis on the stomach, in the area of the belt buckle. Patch testing produced a positive reaction to both nickel and cobalt in all three patients. According to previous case reports, most patients with cellular phone dermatitis present with preauricular eczema, and our three cases are consistent with these reports. Based on this distinguishing clinical feature, we propose that preauricular eczema be considered a diagnostic sign of cellular phone dermatitis.