Lélio Moura Lourenço

Brief intervention and decrease of alcohol consumption among women: a systematic review

Problems related to alcohol consumption are priority public health issues worldwide and may compromise women’s health. The early detection of risky alcohol consumption combined with a brief intervention (BI) has shown promising results in prevention for different populations. The aim of this study was to examine data from recent scientific publications on the use of BI toward reducing alcohol consumption among women through a systematic review. Electronic searches were conducted using Web of Science, PubMed(Medline) and PsycInfo databases. In all databases, the term “brief intervention” was associated with the words “alcohol” and “women”, and studies published between the years 2006 and 2011 were selected. Out of the 133 publications found, the 36 scientific articles whose central theme was performing and/or evaluating the effectiveness of BI were included. The full texts were reviewed by content analysis technique. This review identified promising results of BI for women, especially pregnant women and female college students, in different forms of application (face-to-face, by computer or telephone) despite a substantial heterogeneity in the clinical trials analyzed. In primary care, which is a setting involving quite different characteristics, the results among women were rather unclear. In general, the results indicated a decrease in alcohol consumption among women following BI, both in the number of days of consumption and the number of doses, suggesting that the impact on the woman’s reproductive health and the lower social acceptance of female consumption can be aspects favorable for the effectiveness of BI in this population.

Estratégias de rastreamento e intervenções breves para problemas relacionados ao abuso de álcool entre bombeiros

Deleterious effects of alcohol abuse are widely known and described. Prevention of alcohol abuse is particularly important in specific professional categories, i.e. workers subjected to constant risk and stressful situations, like firemen. Prevention may be crucial to reduce possible consequences arising from alcohol abuse in such professional categories. In the present paper we illustrate the use of a particular approach based on prevention, the Screening and Brief Intervention (TIB), on firemen from Juiz de Fora, MG. The TIB has been applied in association with other evaluation strategies and has proved to be viable and efficient as health care prevention in such context.

Consequences of Exposure to Domestic Violence for Children: A Systematic Review of the Literature

El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar una revision sistematica de la literatura sobre las consecuencias de la exposicion a la violencia domestica (VD) para los ninos. Fue investigado el periodo 2005-2011, en Medline, Lilacs, SciELO, Web of Science, Dialnet, Redalyc, GoogleSchoolar y PsycInfo, con los descriptores intimate partner violence , domestic violence , descriptors violence ( physical , sexual , psychological ), y child , exposure or witness. Fueron considerados autor, pais, metodologia, publicacion y las consecuencias de la exposicion a la VD. 122 articulos fueron seleccionados. EE.UU. y Brasil totalizaron el 78.7% de las publicaciones, con los ninos como las mayores victimas (51.6%). Las principales consecuencias de gran impacto en la salud de los ninos fueron la depresion, el estres postraumatico y la inseguridad (75.8%).The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review of the literature on the consequences of exposure to domestic violence - DV for children. The period 2005-2011 was searched in Medline, Lilacs, Scielo, Web of Science, Dialnet, Redalyc, Google Scholar and PsycInfo, using the following descriptors: intimate partner violence, domestic violence, violence descriptors (physical, sexual, psychological), and child, exposure or witness. The author, country, methodology, journal and the consequences of exposure to DV were considered. 122 articles were selected. The United States and Brazil accounted for 78.7% of the publications, with children being the main victims (51.6%). The major impacts upon childrens health were posttraumatic stress and insecurity (75.8%).

Crenças de profissionais da saúde sobre violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes

The following research is intended to outline the p rofiles of health professionals in Lima Duarte, as well as their beliefs about domestic violence and its co nnection with alcohol and drugs. It is based on a s emistructured, individual and confidential questionnai re answered by 41 professionals. The data collected was studied with the content analysis technique and revealed the professionals tendency to consider alcohol, drugs and social-economic situation as imp ortant factors of domestic violence against childre n and teenagers. The results of the research also mad e it clear that there is dire necessity for effecti ve institutional interventions in Lima Duarte, since t here is no project intended to prevent domestic vio lence, neither a programme capable of preparing health pro fessionals to deal with this issue.

Análise Bibliométrica dos Estudos sobre Fobia Social e o Uso de Álcool

A Fobia Social ou o Transtorno de Ansiedade Social e defi nido como um medo excessivo e persistente de uma ou mais situacoes sociais de desempenho. O presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar um levantamento bibliometrico de artigos indexados nas bases de dados Pubmed, PsycInfo e Web of Science, no periodo de 2006 a 2009, a partir do cruzamento dos descritores Social Phobia AND Alcohol. O resultado da analise de 37 artigos evidenciou diferentes tipos de instrumentos e participantes, alem de maior producao advinda dos EUA. Algumas investigacoes ressaltaram tambem que a fobia social foi precedente ao uso de alcool. Verifi ca-se neste trabalho a importância de estudos na area para compreender melhor o diagnostico, tratamento e prognostico presentes nesta associacao.

Violência entre parceiros íntimos: uma comparação dos índices em relacionamentos hetero e homossexuais

Intimate partner violence (IPV) may be perpetrated by men and women. However, is more often addressed at heterosexual relationships by literature featuring only women as victims and men as their primary aggressor. Because of this, in the face of new social and families structures, it is important to address violence unrestricted relationships or gender. Thus, this paper presents the results of two systematic reviews, one about the VPI in homosexual relationships and another on IPV in heterosexual relationships which the men have been the victims of their respective wives/girlfriends. The results were obtained through comparative analysis and Chi-square test getting up a full sample of 196 publications. Some categories as victims, aggressors and intervention had presented statistically signifi cant differences with p bellow .05. Others were compared through descriptive statistics, for example, principals publications countries as United States (65) and Brazil (3) in the systematic review of IPV against men and (19) and (18) respectively in the review of IPV in homosexuals relationships. Therefore this work proposes an extended analysis of IPV in order to contribute to future preventions and interventions, regardless of the relationships ways or sexual orientation of its partners.

Bullying e aspectos psicossociais: estudo bibliométrico

Bullying has been worldwide studied by different academics fi elds. The phenomenon is shaped by intentional and continuous assault made by peers in school. The aggression is physical, verbal or psycholo

Violência Doméstica e Crenças: Intervenção com Profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo principal investigar as crencas e atitudes dos profissionais da Atencao Primaria a Saude em relacao a violencia domestica. Participaram da pesquisa 65 profissionais que responderam a um questionario autoaplicavel, estruturado, individual e anonimo. O instrumento foi aplicado antes e apos uma capacitacao conceitual sobre violencia domestica, com o intuito de analisar as crencas e as possiveis mudancas a partir deste tipo de intervencao. Os dados foram analisados por meio do programa SPSS e pelo teste de significância McNemar. Os resultados indicaram mudancas de crencas significativas, a partir da intervencao proposta quanto a forma do profissional do Programa Saude da Familia em lidar com vitimas de violencia domestica; ao papel do trabalhador da atencao primaria em detectar pacientes com problemas relacionados a violencia domestica, ao interesse profissional sobre o padrao, os riscos de saude relacionados e o aconselhamento para diminuir ou para-la. Os dados nao indicaram mudancas referentes a confianca que os profissionais sentem em sua habilidade para lidar com a questao.

Effectiveness of a brief intervention for alcohol consumption among Brazilian women in a household setting

At-risk alcohol use is increasing among women and it has been linked to important harm to their health. However, the effectiveness of brief intervention (BI) among women is unclear. Research on the most effective components of those interventions in the female population is necessary, especially in low and middle income countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a BI, carried out among women in a household community setting, on their alcohol consumption. Participants were enrolled through a household survey, using a probabilistic sample of 905 adult women in the city of Juiz de Fora, Brazil. The 61 (6.7%) women who screened positive for at-risk drinking (AUDIT score ≥ 8) were randomly allocated to one of two groups: the Intervention Group (n=32), which received one single session of BI carried out in the household setting after screening, or the Control Group (n=29) which did not receive BI. After three months, 46 (75.4%) participants completed the follow-up interview (23 in each group). All participants received an informative leaflet, and the Intervention Group received a 15-40 minute BI, which provided information on the adverse consequences of alcohol and strategies to help moderate consumption. Participants of both groups decreased their alcohol consumption after three months. The intervention group decreased the mean AUDIT score from 12.4 to 9.4, while the control group reduced from 10.6 to 7.5. Preliminary analyzes using general linear modelling indicate that there was no difference between the Intervention Group and the Control Group in relation to the main outcome (total AUDIT score). Although no difference was found between groups, the results of this study are not conclusive and may reflect the small sample size of the trial. More studies are needed to better estimate the effectiveness of BI among women in a household setting.

Crenças dos profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde de Juiz de Fora em relação à violência doméstica contra idosos

This study characterized domestic violence against the elderly, from the perspective of beliefs of primary care professionals of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The sample consisted of 197 professionals from the Family Health Program. Data was analyzed using analysis of correlation between the beliefs of health professionals and the types of violence, degree of relationship of the perpetrators, correlation between