Lena Jacobi

Active labor market policies in Europe: Performance and perspectives

Executive summary.- and overview.- The European Employment Strategy.- An overview of Active Labor Market Policies.- The methodology of program evaluation.- Reports from selected EU25 member states.- The effectiveness of European ALMPs.- Conclusions and policy recommendations.

Does Marginal Employment Substitute Regular Employment? - A Heterogeneous Dynamic Labor Demand Approach for Germany

In Germany we observe a decline in regular employment and an increase in atypical forms of employment. Especially marginal part-time employment which is characterized by lower tax rates and lower social security contributions increased substantially after a reform in 2003 made this type of employment even more attractive to employers. In our paper we estimate the substitutability of regular employment by marginal part-time employment using data on the industry level before and after the reform.We detect high substitution elasticities with respect to three skill categories of regular employment in both time periods. The substitutability of unskilled full-time workers increased significantly after the reform.

Die erleichterte Befristung ¨ alterer Arbeitnehmer/innen - Eine Evaluation mit Daten des Mikrozensus

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag untersucht den kausalen Effekt der Reform der erleichterten Befristung Älterer auf die Beschäftigungschancen der hiervon betroffenen Arbeitnehmer/innen mithilfe eines Differenz-von-Differenzen-Ansatzes. Die Analyse basiert auf Daten verschiedener Wellen des Mikrozensus. Die Schätzergebnisse legen den Schluss nahe, dass die Reform die Chancen der betroffenen älteren Arbeitnehmer/innen auf eine befristete Tätigkeit innerhalb des Untersuchungszeitraums nicht signifikant verändert hat. Dieses Ergebnis unterscheidet sich weder im Vergleich von Männern und Frauen noch für Ost- und Westdeutschland. AbstractThis article investigates the causal effect of the exemption of older employees from the regulation on fixed-term contracts on the employment probabilities of older employees in Germany using a difference-in-differences-analysis. The analysis is based on several waves of the German census (Mikrozensus). Our results suggest that within the period of observation, the reform had no significant effect on the probability of older employees to hold a fixed-term contract. This result neither varies for men and women nor for Eastern and Western Germany.