Leonardo Costa Ribeiro

Matrices of science and technology interactions and patterns of structured growth: implications for development

Scientific and other non-patent references (NPRs) in patents are important tools to analyze interactions between science and technology. This paper organizes a database with 514,894 USPTO patents granted globally in 1974, 1982, 1990, 1998 and 2006. There are 165,762 patents with at least one reference to science and engineering (S&E) literature, from a total of 1,375,503 references. Through a lexical analysis, 71.1% of this S&E literature is classified by S&E fields. These data serve as the basis for the elaboration of global and national 3-dimensional matrices (technological domains, S&E fields and number of references). Three indicators are proposed to analyze these matrices, allowing us to identify patterns of structured growth that differentiate developed and non-developed countries. This differentiation informs suggestions for public policies for development, emphasizing the need for an articulation between the industrial and technological dimension and scientific side. The intertwinement of these two dimensions is a key component of developmental policies for the twenty-first century.

Science in the developing world: running twice as fast?

Physicists are increasingly interested in studying the behavior of financial markets; likewise, researchers have applied statistical physics tools to study economic development in - and interactions among - various countries. We recently introduced a model that creates an artificial world economy of countries, each of which has a population with scientific and technological capabilities. The models main goal is to probe the underlying mechanisms responsible for the interactions among science, technology, and development. So far, it has shown a strong correlation between economic development and scientific and technological production.

A methodology for unveiling global innovation networks: patent citations as clues to cross border knowledge flows

This paper presents a new methodology to describe global innovations networks. Using 167,315 USPTO patents granted in 2009 and the papers they cited, this methodology shows “scientific footprints of technology” that cross national boundaries, and how multinational enterprises interact globally with universities and other firms. The data and the map of these flows provide insights to support a tentative taxonomy of global innovation networks.

NATIONAL SYSTEMS OF INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION: A MULTI-COUNTRY MODEL

Science and technology have a fundamental role in the economic development. Although this statement is generally well accepted, the internal mechanisms which are responsible for these interactions are not clear. In the last decade, dealing with this problem, many models have been proposed. In this paper, we introduce a model that creates an artificial world economy that is a network of countries. Each country has its own national system of innovation and the interactions between countries are given by functions that connect the competitiveness of their prices and their technological capabilities. Starting from different configurations, the artificial world economy self-organizes itself and creates a hierarchies of countries.

Modelling the role of national system of innovation in economical differentiation

Nowadays it is well accepted that science and technology has a fundamental role in the economic development (GNP per capita) of any country. Aiming to study this role, we introduce a model that creates an artificial world economy that is a network of countries. Each country has its own national system of innovation (represented by a technological parameter). The interactions among the countries are given by functions that connect their prices, demands and incomes. Starting from random values, the artificial world economy self‐organize itself and create hierarchies of countries.

Growth patterns of the network of international collaboration in science

International knowledge flows might be eroding national borders of innovation systems and contributing for the emergence of an international system of innovation. This paper investigates how far the scientific international collaboration has developed and how stable the structure of those collaborations is, evaluating the properties of those networks and their long term behaviour. The data collected and analyzed show that international collaboration has been growing with a peculiar pattern—faster than an exponential growth-, shaping a scale-free network that has preserved its structure while it grows. This paper analyses the properties of this network and the implications of those properties for an emerging global innovation system in terms of growth, hierarchy, opportunity, challenges, and robustness and for the generation and transfer of technology

Profits and Fractal Properties: Notes on Marx, Countertendencies and Simulation Models

ABSTRACT There are new reasons for revisiting Marx’s elaboration on the rate of profit because contemporary debates provide findings from the MEGA Project, long-term data on the rate of profit, and tools for dealing with complexity and non-equilibrium systems. This article proposes that the interplay between the tendency and the countertendencies of the rate of profit to fall can be translated into a simple system of equations, one based on each chapter of Section Three of Capital—as if Marx sought to mathematically formalise his insights. This article reviews previous debates, presents data and runs a simulation model, showing that the rate of profit behaves as fractals.

Análise macrocomparativa da inovação ambiental (1990, 2000 e 2010)

317 Rev. Bras. Inov., Campinas (SP), 17 (2), p. 317-344, julho/dezembro 2018 Rev. Bras. Inov., Campinas (SP), 17 (2), p. 317-344, julho/dezembro 2018 Macro-comparative analysis of environmental innovation (1990, 2000 and 2010) Rosa Livia Gonçalves Montenegro* https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8383-5131 Gustavo Britto** https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5285-3684 Leonardo Costa Ribeiro*** https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7772-9313

Knowledge flows, changing firms’ competences and patent citations: an analysis of the trajectory of IBM

ABSTRACT This paper investigates knowledge flows that a leading firm might deal to transform its core competencies, through a case study about IBM. The transformation of IBM from a hardware company to a knowledge service provider is strongly dependent upon different knowledge sources and areas, different capabilities fed by different science and engineering fields. Our theoretical framework presents how the literature on innovation has been enriched by elaborations on dynamic capabilities of firms, on the role of knowledge and knowledge flows as a source of those capabilities and on patent citations as statistical tool to capture those knowledge flows. This paper integrates those three different approaches using patent citations statistics to measure knowledge flows behind IBM’s changing capabilities. Our contribution to this literature is an articulation of a historical summary of the evolution of IBM with an empirical analysis of those changes through patent citations statistics.