Lívia Godinho Temponi

Antimicrobial activity of plants used as medicinals on an indigenous reserve in Rio das Cobras, Paraná, Brazil

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A considerable percentage of global biodiversity is located in Brazil, a country that also has rich cultural and ethnic diversity. In the community of Rio das Cobras, Paraná, plants are still widely used in the health care not only by indigenous people but also by the non-indigenous population that inhabits the region. The investigation of the efficacy and safety of these plants in the treatment of infectious diseases provides insights for future studies of these species allowing the appropriated use by the indigenous people, since few or none study has been conducted so far. AIM OF THE STUDY Evaluate the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of some plants used as medicinal on an indigenous reserve in Rio das Cobras, Paraná, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aqueous extracts were obtained by decoction and the 50% and 70% hydroalcoholic extracts by turbo extraction. The extracts were tested against strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Leishmania amazonensis, Poliovirus and HSV-1. Cytotoxicity assay using VERO cells were also performed. RESULTS None of the extracts had a selectivity index (SI)>1 for any of the tested bacteria. Only Campomanesia eugenioides and Schinus terebinthifolius had an SI>1.0 for all of the tested Candida species. The best anti-Leishmania activity was obtained with Zanthoxylum rhoifolium and Schinus terebinthifolius. Extracts of Cordia americana were the most effective against herpes simplex virus type 1. Zanthoxylum rhoifolium was the most effective against Poliovirus, and Ocimum gratissimum was effective against both Poliovirus and Herpes Simplex virus. Among the plants investigated in the present study, Zanthoxylum rhoifolium had the fewest cytotoxic effect. CONCLUSIONS The plants investigated in the present study exhibited potential for future pharmacological uses, but additional studies, especially with regard to in vivo toxicity, must be conducted. The results of this preliminary survey are important for the Rio das Cobras Reserve community for the safe and effective use of plants in the treatment of some infectious diseases.

Native species indicated for degraded area recovery in Western Paraná, Brazil

Colonization in the State of Parana has culminated in the devastation of large forest areas in the entire State. Degraded area recovery programs have emphasized the utilization of native species, but often the species indicated for local reforestation areas are unknown, as those areas are little known floristically. This study aimed to survey native species indicated for reforestation of areas in the Western region of the State of Parana, classify those species as pioneer, secondary, or climactic, and indicate places of occurrence of matrices where seeds of those species could be collected. Bibliographic surveys in the specialized literature and research in the Herbarium Museu Botânico Municipal de Curitiba (MBM) and Herbarium of Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana (UNOP) were conducted to identify potential species for degraded area recovery in the study of Western region of Parana. In all, 115 species were selected, of which 22 are pioneer, 73 are secondary, and 20 are climactic. The bibliographic surveys suggests that pioneer species are the most indicated for the initial processes in the degraded areas recovery, while secondary and climactic species play a major role in area enrichment.

Duas novas espécies de Anthurium sect. Urospadix Engl. (Araceae) para o Brasil

Two new species of Anthurium are described for Brazil, Anthurium cipoense Temponi endemic of the Serra do Cipo National Park, Minas Gerais and Anthurium polynervium Temponi & Nadruz, endemic to municipality of Santa Maria Madalena, Rio de Janeiro state. Both have restricted distributions and studies on their conservation are needed. Descriptions, illustrations and commentaries on geographic distribution, ecology, phenology and conservation status are provided for both species.

Anatomia foliar de Rubiaceae ocorrentes em fragmento florestal urbano de Mata Atlântica, PR, Brasil

Rubiaceae in Brazil occurs mainly in the Atlantic Forest biome that in the southern region is represented by two main vegetation types: Seasonal Semi-deciduous Forestand Araucaria Forest. Both occur in the Ecological Park Paul Gorski (PEPG), an urban forest fragment. Given the relevance of Rubiaceae in the Atlantic Forest and the importance of ecological anatomy studies to understand colonization and survival processes, this study aimed to anatomically characterize leaves of Rubiaceae found in the PEPG. We studied 14 species belonging to nine genera of Rubiaceae that present unistratified epidermis, trichomes, paracytic and paralelocytic stomata, dorsiventral mesophyll, and collateral vascular bundles as common characters to the family. Among the anatomical characters observed, considered common in mesophytes-heliophytes plants, stand papillae, trichomes, and compact mesophyll out. Therefore, these features are in accordance with the environmental conditions recorded in the area of edges and clearings of the Atlantic Forest and in disturbed areas.

Guia ilustrado de Leguminosae Juss. arbóreas do Corredor de Biodiversidade Santa Maria - PR

Leguminosae represents one of the leading families in floristic and phytosociological studies. Such variety can lead to difficulties in identification, particularly in sterile sample collection. The aim of this study was to prepare an illustrated guide with tips from the field, as well as an identification key addressing the major vegetative diagnostic features of Leguminosae trees from the Corredor de Biodiversidade de Santa Maria, which binds the protection strip of Itaipu Lake to the Iguacu National Park. This corridor brings together several remnants of the Floresta Estacional Semidecidual in south-western Parana and reforested areas. Samples have been collected in different areas of the corridor, three forest remnants (Iguacu National Park, the Legal Reserve of Fazenda Sao Jose, Private Reserve of Natural Heritage Fazenda Santa Maria), and two reforested areas (Range Dry and Range of Itaipu Lake Protection). Legumes collected were photographed in the field, with prosumer camera, recording morphological and vegetative stem rhytidome, staining the inner bark and/or sapwood, exudate, analysis of the format of the leaflets, the presence of spines, glands, extrafloral nectaries, hairiness, and when present, reproductive structures. The samples were identified and housed at Herbario da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana (UNOP). Were found 29 species of Leguminosae, for which were designed with guide plates, illustrating the main diagnostic vegetative characteristics, as well as a dichotomous key to assist in the identification of Leguminosae species present in southwestern Parana. The specimen features trunk as rhytidome, inner bark and/or sapwood, shape and color of the leaflets, presence of exudate, prickles, hairiness, extrafloral nectaries or glands were of great value in the field, which allowed the identification of species of Leguminosae of the Corredor de Biodiversidade Santa Maria.

Floral vasculature and its variation for carpellary supply in Anthurium (Araceae, Alismatales)

Introduction and Aims Anthurium is the largest genus of Araceae, with 950 species distributed in the neotropics. Despite the great diversity of the genus, the knowledge of its floral vasculature is based on observations in only two species, viz. A. denudatum and A. lhotzkyanum, with remarkable variation in vascular carpellary supply: carpels are either vascularized by ventral bundles alone or by reduced dorsal bundles in addition to the ventral ones. Our main objective is to test this peculiar variation through a detailed anatomical study of the floral vasculature in taxa belonging to some sections of Anthurium designated as monophyletic groups in recent phylogenies. Methods We compare the floral vasculature of 20 neotropical species belonging to distinct sections of Anthurium, using both light and confocal laser scanning microscopies. Results The number and position of vascular bundles are constant within the tepals and stamens, regardless of the species and sections studied. However, the gynoecium vasculature exhibits variation between species belonging to the same or different sections. Our results reveal two patterns of vasculature: carpels vascularized by synlateral bundles alone (Pattern A) and carpels vascularized by both dorsal and synlateral bundles (Pattern B). Pattern A is shared by the majority of species studied here and corroborates the previous data in the literature. Pattern B occurs in three species: A. affine (Anthurium sect. Pachyneurium series Pachyneurium), A. obtusum and A. scandens (Anthurium sect. Tetraspermium), described here for the first time for the genus. Conclusions The variation in the supply to the carpels in Anthurium is corroborated here. However, our results in addition to those from the available literature suggest the existence of three patterns (A, B and C) of carpellary vasculature. Based on the recent phylogeny of Anthurium it is possible to notice that the three patterns of carpellary vasculature occur in representatives of Clade B and deserve to be investigated in a larger number of species. Pattern A could be a plesiomorphy for the genus and the occurrence of dorsal bundles could be a derived character. Our data contributes to the taxonomy and to the understanding of the floral evolution of the largest neotropical genus of Araceae.

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO DE SERAPILHEIRA E DA CHUVA DE SEMENTES EM UMA RESERVA DE FLORESTA ESTACIONAL SEMIDECIDUAL, PARANÁ

This study aimed to analyze litterfall production and seed rain of a fragment of seasonal semideciduous forest from western of Parana state with 242 ha, which is known as Santa Maria Farm’s Private Nature Reserve. The material was collected from June/2011 to May/2012, in nine plots of 20 x 20 m, using four traps of 0,5 x 0,5 m in each plot. The litter was sorted and weighed, and the seed rain was evaluated as the wealth, life form, successional category and dispersal syndrome of the species found. The annual litterfall production was 11.886 kg ha -1 , being August and September the months of the largest production. The leaf fraction was the most representative with 58,52% of the total. In the seed rain were collected 18.300 seeds, distributed in 79 morphospecies, which 51 were identified to species level, eight at the genus level and six at the family level. Mikania sp., Cecropia pachystachya , Pisonia aculeata , Gouania ulmifolia and Dendropanax cuneatus , were the species with the highest relative densities. The months with the highest abundance of seeds were September (19%), October (20%), November (27%) and March (15%). The life form predominant was tree with 76,27% of the species, followed by climbers with 20,34% and herbaceous with 3,39% only. Among the tree species, 37 % were represented by successional category of pioneer, while the early and late secondary categories accounted for 22% each and the climax 20%. The zoochory predominated among dispersal syndromes (52,54%), while anemochory and autocory occurred in 38,98% and 8,47%, respectively. The results were similar to those found in other works performed in late seasonal semideciduous forest. Furthermore, through this study about litterfall production and seed rain, the forest fragment can be considered an area of mature forest and with high regeneration potential.

SIMILARIDADE FLORÍSTICA ENTRE TRECHOS DE FLORESTA ESTACIONAL SEMIDECIDUAL DO CORREDOR DE BIODIVERSIDADE SANTA MARIA - PR

The function of Biodiversity Corridors is to maintain and restore connectivity between forest fragments remains. Santa Maria Biodiversity Corridor, in PR state, aims to connect Iguacu National Park to the riparian forest of the Itaipu reservoir, through the implementation of reforestation areas between remnants of Seasonal Semidecidual Forest. This study aimed to evaluate the diversity of tree species and the floristic similarity between the areas of native secondary forests and reforested areas of different ages. We compared the density values, diversity, evenness, and floristic composition from five study areas, and the similarity was evaluated by Jaccard and Bray-Curtis distance. In two hectares, we found 2,328 individuals of 134 species and 39 families. The floristic similarity grouped the native secondary forests, which are best preserved, and the reforested areas in different groups. The 11 exotic species found in reforested areas were not observed in the most preserved areas. So, the managament of them should be encouraged in order to protect the remaining Seasonal Semidecidual Forest.

Lemnoideae (Araceae) no estado do Paraná, Brasil

Resumo Lemnoideae sao consideradas as menores Angiospermas, sendo Wolffia o genero com o menor tamanho de fronde e flores. Sao plantas de dificil interpretacao morfologica e os termos utilizados para descricao sao, em parte, diferentes dos usados para outras plantas. Realizou-se o estudo floristico de Lemnoideae ocorrentes no Parana, entre julho de 2013 e setembro de 2014. Os especimes coletados foram identificados e preparados de acordo com tecnicas especiais de herborizacao e depositados no UPCB e UNOP. Foram registradas seis especies: Landoltia punctata, Lemna minuta, Lemna valdiviana, Spirodela intermedia, Wolffia brasiliensis e Wolffiella oblonga. Tipicamente encontradas em ambientes lenticos, valetas de esgoto e enseadas de rio, no Parana foram encontradas em areas de Floresta Ombrofila Densa, Floresta Ombrofila Mista, Floresta Estacional Semidecidual e resquicios de Cerrado. Abstract Lemnoideae are the smallest Angiosperms, Wolffia is the genus with smallest fronds and flowers. Morphological interpretations are difficult and terms used for description are slightly different from those used for other plants. A survey of Lemnoideae was carried out in Parana between July 2013 and September 2014, the specimens collected were identified and prepared according to special herborization techniques and deposited at UPCB and UNOP herbaria. Six species were found: Landoltia punctata, Lemna minuta, Lemna valdiviana, Spirodela intermedia, Wolffia brasiliensis and Wolffiella oblonga. Typically found in lentic environments, sewage ditches and creeks of the river, in Parana they have been collected in Tropical Rainforest, Araucaria Forest, semideciduous forest and cerrado remnants.

O gênero Philodendron (Araceae) no estado do Paraná

O trabalho apresenta a flora do genero Philodendron (Araceae) no estado do Parana. Foram registradas 13 especies, incluindo duas especies recentemente descritas e tres novos registros para o estado: P. appendiculatum, P. bipinnatifidum, P. camposportoanum, P. corcovadense, P. crassinervium, P. eximium, P. loefgrenii, P. meridionale, P. missionum, P. obliquifolium, P. propinquum, P. rheophyticum e P. roseopetiolatum. Essas especies foram encontradas nas tres principais formacoes da Floresta Atlântica do Parana: na Floresta Estacional Semidecidual cinco especies, na Floresta Ombrofila Mista sete especies e na Floresta Ombrofila Densa, com maior representatividade, foram registradas 11 especies. Alem disso, a Floresta Ombrofila Densa apresentou maior endemismo, com quatro especies exclusivas a essa formacao vegetacional. Tres especies foram consideradas criticamente em perigo no estado do Parana, por apresentarem registro em apenas uma ou duas localidades do estado: P. camposportoanum, P. eximium e P. roseopetiolatum. Esse trabalho apresenta uma chave de identificacao, pranchas de fotografias, ilustracao dos caracteres diagnosticos e comentarios taxonomicos de cada especie de Philodendron encontrada no Parana.