Rosimeri de Oliveira Fragoso

EX VITRO SYSTEM FOR Acer palmatum PLANTS PROPAGATION BY MINI-CUTTINGS TECHNIQUE

Um sistema de producao de mudas eficiente, com elevada produtividade e qualidade e apresentado neste estudo para Acer palmatum. Avaliou-se a eficiencia da miniestaquia, manejo das minicepas e producao de brotos em duas estacoes no enraizamento e vigor radicial de miniestacas. As minicepas foram plantadas em vasos de dois litros, acondicionadas em dois ambientes (pleno sol e casa de sombra) e submetidas a fertirrigacao semanal. Ao longo de seis coletas avaliou-se a sobrevivencia e produtividade do minijardim clonal (Experimento I). A partir destes, realizou-se dois experimentos de miniestaquia: Experimento II- miniestacas de dois ambientes, com 8±1 cm, instaladas em duas estacoes do ano (primavera e verao); Experimento III- miniestacas de pleno sol, com 4±1, 6±1, 8±1, 10±1 cm, instaladas no verao. O plantio das miniestacas foi realizado em tubetes de 55 cm³, preenchidos com vermiculita de granulometria fina e casca de arroz carbonizada (1:1 v/v), acondicionados em casa de vegetacao com sistema de irrigacao intermitente. O elevado enraizamento (95,0%), sobrevivencia de minicepas (100%) e producao de miniestacas (217,5 miniestacas m-2 mes-1) em minijardim clonal conduzido a pleno sol mostram a viabilidade da tecnica. Miniestacas de 8±1 cm (96,3%) favoreceram o enraizamento. A tecnica de miniestaquia e viavel para a especie.

Seed Bank from Abandoned Pastures in the Coastal Region of Paraná

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the seed bank of three contiguous areas: pasture abandoned for ten years, with soil amended by partial beheading for two years at horizon A (area I); pasture identical to the previous example, but with recent mobilization of the topsoil (area II); area in the early stages of regeneration (area III). Field work was conducted in Morretes-PR, in an area of evergreen rain forest. In November 2013, seed bank samples were collected from ten points per area (0.30 × 0.30 m) and at three depths (0-3 cm + litter, 3.1 to 6.0 cm and 6.1 to 9.0 cm). We obtained 25.151 seeds m-2, distributed between 85 species. The predominant life form was herbaceous (98%), with the Cyperaceae family being the most abundant. In the seed banks of the three areas, only a few seeds from a restricted number of woody species were found, which therefore, represents a limited resource for forest restoration purposes.

BARREIRAS AO ESTABELECIMENTO DA REGENERAÇÃO NATURAL EM ÁREAS DE PASTAGENS ABANDONADAS

There are variations in the chemical, physical and anatomy composition of wood, also among species and within species, which vary significantly with the height of the trunk and towards the bone to the shell. The objective of this study was to analyze the chemical composition of wood of Cordia trichotoma . Three tree samples were analyzed, collected in the northwest region of Rio Grande do Sul state, of which a wooden disc has been withdrawn located near the base. The ash and extractives by TAPPI were quantified and the essential oil was extracted using the method for drag steam. There were also certain chemical elements present in the wood samples, in its natural form, milled, and by spectrometry fluorescence X-ray energy dispersive -EDXRF. The wood of Cordia trichotoma showed average levels of ash and extractives of 1,39% and 28,22%, respectively. In the chemical composition of the essential oil, it was possible to identify two main oil components the α-cadinol and α-muurolol. The most abundant mineral elements were potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur and silicon. The iron was the element with lowest concentration found in the wood by the analysis technique used.

USE OF RENEWABLE SUBSTRATES FOR EX VITRO PRODUCTION OF Melaleuca alternifolia CHEEL CLONAL PLANTS BY MINI-CUTTINGS TECHNIQUE

The Australian species Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel. has a strong commercial importance due to the extraction of essential oils from its leaves used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. In order to obtain an efficient plant production system of M. alternifolia the mini-cuttings technique and the clonal mini-garden management in the productivity and rooting of mini-cuttings and different substrate compositions were analyzed during all the seasons. Mini-stumps derived from cuttings and grown in pots (2 L), were submitted to successive harvesting of their sprouts during the four seasons (september/2013 to august/2014). From the mini-stumps sprouts mini-cuttings were produced, wich were were planted in plastic tubes and kept in a greenhouse for 45 days. Six substrates were used for planting the mini-cuttings: commercial substrate (S1); substrate composed of 100% carbonized rice husk (CRH) (S2); substrate composed of 100% coconut fiber (CF) (S3); substrate composed of 50% CF and 50% CRH (S4); substrate composed of 30% CF and 70% CRH (S5); substrate composed of 70% FC and 30% CRH (S6). The high survival of mini-stumps (over 90%) and the mini-cuttings production (282 mini-cuttings.m-2.month-1) in the shade house demonstrate the technical feasibility for the species, being summer the most appropriate time to collect propagules. The substrate composed by 70% CF + 30% CRH (S6) shows superior results for vegetative propagation of M. alternifolia (91.7% of rooted mini-cuttings), as the single one to contemplate simultaneously all parameters. Summer is recommended as the best time for rooting of mini-cuttings. SUBSTRATOS RENOVÁVEIS NA PRODUÇÃO EX VITRO DE MUDAS DE Melaleuca alternifolia CHEEL. POR miniestaquia RESUMO: A espécie australiana Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel., tem uma forte importância na indústria farmacêutica e de cosméticos devido a extração dos óleos essenciais presentes nas folhas. Visando um sistema eficiente de produção de mudas de M. alternifolia, avaliou-se a técnica de miniestaquia e manejo do minijardim clonal na produtividade e enraizamento de miniestacas, além das diferentes composições de substratos nas quatro estações do ano. Minicepas provenientes de mudas propagadas por estaquia foram analisadas durante as quatro estações do ano (setembro/2013 a agosto/2014). A partir das brotações das minicepas foram produzidas miniestacas, as quais foram plantadas em tubetes e mantidas em casa de vegetação por 45 dias. Foram seis os substratos utilizados para o plantio das miniestacas: substrato comercial (S1); substrato composto por 100% de casca de arroz carbonizada (CRH) (S2); substrato composto por 100% de fibra de coco (CF) (S3); substrato composto por 50% CF e 50% CRH (S4); substrato composto por 30% CF e 70% CRH (S5); substrato composto por 70% CF e 30% CRH (S6). A elevada sobrevivência das minicepas (superior a 90%) e produção de miniestacas (282 miniestacas.m-2.mês) em casa de sombra demonstram a viabilidade da técnica para a espécie, sendo o verão a época mais adequada para coleta de propágulos. O substrato a base de 70% CF + 30% CRH (S6) apresenta resultados superiores para a propagação vegetativa de M. alternifolia (91,7% de estacas enraizadas), sendo o único a atender simultaneamente todos os parâmetros avaliados. Recomenda-se o verão como a melhor época para enraizamento das miniestacas.

FORESTRY RESTORATION IN ABANDONED PASTURES OF Urochloa BY DIFFERENT SIZES OF BRUSHWOOD

A galharia e um metodo de complexacao ambiental, que consiste no aproveitamento de residuos vegetais. Esse metodo, quando bem estabelecido tecnicamente, pode exercer influencia sobre a qualidade da cama de sementes, favorecendo o estabelecimento de plantas nativas e a restauracao do ecossistema. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiencia de galharia para a inducao da regeneracao natural de especies nativas em area coberta por gramineas exoticas inibidoras do genero Urochloa, bem como verificar o tamanho minimo necessario para conter a reinvasao das forrageiras. Como hipotese, adotou-se a largura minima de 4 m como suficiente para o estabelecimento da regeneracao natural, antes da reocupacao das forrageiras. O experimento foi conduzido entre maio 2014 e maio 2016 em Morretes-PR, na Floresta Ombrofila Densa de Terras Baixas. Foram implantados sete tamanhos de galharia: 6 x 1, 6 x 2, 6 x 3, 6 x 4, 6 x 5, 6 x 6 m e testemunha. As especies lenhosas foram identificadas e contadas e a porcentagem de cobertura herbacea estimada apos 4, 8, 12, 18 e 24 meses. Nao se verificou retomada da sucessao natural por especies nativas. Independentemente do tamanho, a galharia foi ineficiente para conter a reinvasao pelas gramineas a partir das bordas das parcelas e, como pilha de residuos, dificultou o estabelecimento de especies lenhosas. Para a criacao de safe sites e consequente restauracao via regeneracao natural, faz-se necessaria a eliminacao local das forrageiras Urochloa, sem a qual especies nativas terao pouca probabilidade de sobreviver.

Ranking of substrates based on Piptadenia gonoacantha morphological parameters

The definition of best substrates is often difficult due to variability of results observed in different measured variables. Therefore, we defined the best substrates for Piptadenia gonoacantha seedlings production through ranking, taking into account the relative importance of each variable in seedlings quality. In this regard, 13 substrates were formulated, composed of carbonized rice husk in different grain size, coconut fiber and two commercial substrates, pine bark and vermiculite base, all of which had their physical and chemical properties evaluated. Direct seeding was held in containers of 115 cm³, remaining for 90 days in a greenhouse and 30 days in a hardening area with full sunlight. After 120 days, an assessment of height, stem diameter, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, ease of container removal, and aggregation of roots to substrate was performed. As a result, we found higher seedling growth in substrates composed of pure components, which were based on different rice husk grain size. Addition of coconut fiber provided seedlings with lower quality. Pine bark-based commercial substrates occupied the sixth and 12th positions in substrates ranking classification.