Louisiane de Carvalho Nunes

Intestinal mucosa structure of broiler chickens infected experimentally with Eimeria tenella and treated with essential oil of oregano

In the first trial a total of 250 day-old male chicks were distributed into five treatments and given the following diets: a diet with growth promoter; a diet without added growth promoter; a diet added with avilamycin only; diet supplemented with 0.5g of oregano oil kg diet-1; 1.0g of oregano oil kg diet-1. In other trial a total of 288 day-old chicks was used and distributed into four treatments, which were given the following diets: a diet with anticoccidial agent; a diet without anticoccidial agent; a diet supplemented with 0.5g of oregano oil kg diet-1; a 1.0g of oregano oil kg diet-1. In the first trial the nonmedicated group had the highest crypt depth which differs from chickens fed with growth promoter or with 0.5 and 1.0g of oregano oil kg diet-1. The broilers fed with positive control (antibiotic and anticoccidial) had the highest villous: crypt ratio compared with the negative control that had the lowest villous:crypt ratio and the highest oocyst excretion in litter (P<0.05) In the second trial it was observed that broilers fed with non anticoccidial agent had the highest cecal lamina propria thickeness which differ from chickens fed with anticoccidial agent in diet or supplemented with 1.0 of oregano oil kg diet-1 (P<0.05).

Uso de óleo de aroeira-vermelha sobre o desempenho e a morfometria intestinal de frangos de corte

The aim of this research was to evaluate the use of essential oil obtained from the fruits of Brazilian red pepper in the performance and intestinal morphometry of broilers. A total of 240 day-old male chicks Cobb were used, distributed in a randomized design in groups of five treatments and four replicates of 12 birds each: diet without antibiotics and anticoccidial agent (negative control); diet with antibiotic and anticoccidial agent (positive control); diets with 0.1% of Brazilian red pepper oil; diets with 0.2% of Brazilian red pepper oil; diets with 0.4% of Brazilian red pepper oil. Feed intake, body weight and feed conversion were influenced by treatments (P <0.05). It was observed that the broilers fed with the growth promoter antibiotic had a superior performance than the untreated broilers (P<0.05). In the period of 1-21 days, the inclusion of 0.4% Brazilian red pepper oil resulted in improvements in feed conversion and increased weight gain compared to other treatments (P<0.05). From 22-47 days of age it was observed that regardless of the level of Brazilian red pepper oil, their use resulted in a higher weight gain and final weight (P<0.05) and it was recorded a maximum villous height in broilers fed with Brazilian red pepper oil as compared to birds not treated with antibiotics (P<0.05). The Brazilian red pepper improved production rates and increased the intestinal absorptive surface.

Toxicological evaluation of acute and sub-chronic ingestion of hydroalcoholic extract of Solanum cernuum Vell. in mice

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Solanum cernuum Vellozo is a Brazilian shrub or small tree, restricted to Southwest states of the country. It has been widely used for the treatment of many ailments. The pharmacological activity of the extract on gastric ulcer has been the major therapeutic target proposed by the population investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the acute toxicity test was used increasing doses of the extract (2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 25 g of extract per kilogram of body weight). The animal behavior was observed from 5h after a single administration of the extract and subsequently monitored daily until the fourteenth day, beyond the calculation of the estimated LD50 of the extract. In the test sub-chronic toxicity was used two doses of the extract (0.1 and 1.4 g/kg) and the parameters analyzed over 31 days were: body weight, food intake, behavior, respiratory rate, movement and mortality of animals. After anesthesia, blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analysis. The animals were euthanized followed by macroscopic analysis of the stomach and intestine. Liver, lungs and kidneys were removed, weighed and analyzed histopathologically. RESULTS In the acute toxicity test was observed a dose-dependent mortality and the value of estimated LD50 was 14.50 g/kg. In the hematological and biochemical analyses there were significant increase in the activities of AST and ALT indicating liver toxicity, but the extract was not able to alter food intake, body weight and organ weights after 31 days of treatment and it did not produce significant histopathological changes. CONCLUSION Therefore we can consider the hydroalcoholic extract of Solanum cernuum Vell as practically non-toxic in acute administration and safe in the sub-chronic administration, as hepatotoxicity was observed only with the highest dose used, not with the dose routinely used by the native population.

Óleo essencial de aroeira-vermelha como aditivo na ração de frangos de corte

The aim was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of Brazilian red pepper oil (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi), as an additive in feed on performance and intestinal morphometry of broilers. A total of 300 day-old male chicks, Cobb, distributed in a randomized design in groups of four (4) treatments and five repetitions, with 15 birds each: diet without growth promoter and without Brazilian red pepper oil (negative control); diet with growth promoter (antimicrobial and anticoccidial - positive control); diet containing only antimicrobial (bacitracin zinc); diet with 0.4% of Brazilian red pepper oil. It was not verified significantly dietary effects on the performance of birds (P>0.05). At 21 days of age, the broilers chicks fed with growth promoter showed greater ratio of villous:crypt which not differs from chickens fed with 0.4% Brazilian red pepper oil (P 0.05). It was concluded that the addition of 0.4% Brazilian red pepper oil resulted an improvement in intestinal absorptive surface of broilers compared with chickens fed with diet without growth promoter.

Prevalência de hematúria enzoótica bovina em rebanhos leiteiros na microrregião do Caparaó, Sul do Espírito Santo, entre 2007 e 2008

Bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH) is a chronic disease that has been causing great economic losses to farmers of the Caparao microregion, southern Espirito Santo State. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cattle naturally affected by poisoning by Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern) with clinical hematuria between 2007 and 2008 and establish the hematologic findings of these animals. Fifty facilities were visited and the plant was observed in all of the ten evaluated municipal districts. One hundred and eighty one bovines were examined and 39 animals were sick. Among the affected cattle, 22 (56.4%) presented BEH. Affected animals were from Guacui, Divino de Sao Lourenco, Iuna, Ibatiba and Ibitirama districts. The animals had macrohematuria and the values of the hematocrit were low, ranging between 8 and 31%. The total leukometry had the mean value of 132 x 103mm-3, showing leukocytosis. The temperature and capillary refill time were normal. Four animals (18.2%) had pale mucosal surfaces. It was noted that the BEH prevalence in the Caparao microregion, ES, is high and there is a great necessity of new studies to reduce the economic losses caused by this disease.

Ultrassonografia quantitativa do fígado em gatos com tirotoxicose induzida

Este estudo avaliou ultrassonograficamente o figado de gatos submetidos a tirotoxicose induzida pela tecnica de histograma dos niveis de cinza com o objetivo de melhor avaliar possiveis alteracoes hepaticas decorrentes do excesso de hormonios tiroidianos. Para isto, foram utilizados nove gatos higidos, adulto-jovens, que receberam diariamente 150µg/kg de levotiroxina sodica, por 60 dias. O histograma hepatico nao demonstrou diferenca estatistica ao nivel de 5% de significância entre os momentos avaliados; entretanto, as variacoes dos valores das variaveis estudadas sugeriram a promocao de aumento da heterogeneidade e diminuicao da ecogenicidade do parenquima hepatico quando comparado ao momento inicial. A avaliacao citopatologica e histopatologica revelou quadro de hepatite tirotoxica em todos os animais.

Lavado vesical de bovinos com hematúria enzoótica: padronização de técnica de colheita, obtenção de amostras e avaliação citopatológica

The bovine enzootic hematuria is a chronic disease that causes tumors in the bladder, and the cytophatologic test could assist in the early diagnosis. Aimed to standardize the technique of harvesting, obtaining samples and cytophatologic evaluation of bovine urinary bladder washing with bovine enzootic hematuria, 10 adult cows were divided into two groups: A (all the liquid infused in the bladder was recovered) and B (only the latter liquid was recovered). Liquids recovered were subjected to cytophatological evaluation. It was observed that the final volume of bladder liquid was higher in group A, however, in relation to the number of cells, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed between groups. The amount of inflammatory cells and epithelial cells obtained per sample revealed that in both groups all animals had more inflammatory cells than epithelial cells, however, there was no difference between the type of washing done. The epithelial cells were found in 60% of cases, the alterations observed were discretes and it was not possible to classify any sample as hyperplastic or neoplastic. Data from this study showed that the cytophatological examination of bovine urinary bladder washing may aid in the diagnosis of bovine enzootic hematuria and the two harvesting methods employed were adequate for obtaining viable samples. Cytopathological evaluation allowed the identification of non-neoplastic lesions predominantly inflammatory. It is believed that the use of molecular markers in cytological samples is important for early detection of pre-neoplastic or neoplastic lesions in these animals.

Avaliação dos efeitos da terapia com prednisona em cães utilizando análises ultranossonográfica, citopatológica e histopatológica

The effects of prednisone therapy on dogs: a prospective study using ultrasonography, cytopathology and histopathology Glucocorticoids are commonly used due to their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activity , but have important side effects in the liver. The ultrasonographic exam is a non invasive method that evaluates the intrahepatic anatomy and allows the characterization of parenchymal alterations secondary to the glucocorticoids side effects. The histogram is an ultrasonographic measurement that minimizes the subjectivity of this exam and allows a quantitative evaluation of the liver echotexture and echogenicity. Cytopathological and histopathological exams can assist in the diagnosis of hepatic lesions induced by corticoids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of prednisone therapy in dog’s liver by cytopathological, histopathological and ultrasonographic exams. For this purpose, a daily dose of 2mg/kg prednisone was administered to 11 adult dogs for 14 days. Ultrasonographic analyses were carried out using the histogram technique and liver samples were collected under ultrasound guidance for cytopathological and