Maria Aparecida da Silva

Intestinal mucosa structure of broiler chickens infected experimentally with Eimeria tenella and treated with essential oil of oregano

In the first trial a total of 250 day-old male chicks were distributed into five treatments and given the following diets: a diet with growth promoter; a diet without added growth promoter; a diet added with avilamycin only; diet supplemented with 0.5g of oregano oil kg diet-1; 1.0g of oregano oil kg diet-1. In other trial a total of 288 day-old chicks was used and distributed into four treatments, which were given the following diets: a diet with anticoccidial agent; a diet without anticoccidial agent; a diet supplemented with 0.5g of oregano oil kg diet-1; a 1.0g of oregano oil kg diet-1. In the first trial the nonmedicated group had the highest crypt depth which differs from chickens fed with growth promoter or with 0.5 and 1.0g of oregano oil kg diet-1. The broilers fed with positive control (antibiotic and anticoccidial) had the highest villous: crypt ratio compared with the negative control that had the lowest villous:crypt ratio and the highest oocyst excretion in litter (P<0.05) In the second trial it was observed that broilers fed with non anticoccidial agent had the highest cecal lamina propria thickeness which differ from chickens fed with anticoccidial agent in diet or supplemented with 1.0 of oregano oil kg diet-1 (P<0.05).

Uso de óleo de aroeira-vermelha sobre o desempenho e a morfometria intestinal de frangos de corte

The aim of this research was to evaluate the use of essential oil obtained from the fruits of Brazilian red pepper in the performance and intestinal morphometry of broilers. A total of 240 day-old male chicks Cobb were used, distributed in a randomized design in groups of five treatments and four replicates of 12 birds each: diet without antibiotics and anticoccidial agent (negative control); diet with antibiotic and anticoccidial agent (positive control); diets with 0.1% of Brazilian red pepper oil; diets with 0.2% of Brazilian red pepper oil; diets with 0.4% of Brazilian red pepper oil. Feed intake, body weight and feed conversion were influenced by treatments (P <0.05). It was observed that the broilers fed with the growth promoter antibiotic had a superior performance than the untreated broilers (P<0.05). In the period of 1-21 days, the inclusion of 0.4% Brazilian red pepper oil resulted in improvements in feed conversion and increased weight gain compared to other treatments (P<0.05). From 22-47 days of age it was observed that regardless of the level of Brazilian red pepper oil, their use resulted in a higher weight gain and final weight (P<0.05) and it was recorded a maximum villous height in broilers fed with Brazilian red pepper oil as compared to birds not treated with antibiotics (P<0.05). The Brazilian red pepper improved production rates and increased the intestinal absorptive surface.

Óleo essencial de aroeira-vermelha como aditivo na ração de frangos de corte

The aim was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of Brazilian red pepper oil (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi), as an additive in feed on performance and intestinal morphometry of broilers. A total of 300 day-old male chicks, Cobb, distributed in a randomized design in groups of four (4) treatments and five repetitions, with 15 birds each: diet without growth promoter and without Brazilian red pepper oil (negative control); diet with growth promoter (antimicrobial and anticoccidial - positive control); diet containing only antimicrobial (bacitracin zinc); diet with 0.4% of Brazilian red pepper oil. It was not verified significantly dietary effects on the performance of birds (P>0.05). At 21 days of age, the broilers chicks fed with growth promoter showed greater ratio of villous:crypt which not differs from chickens fed with 0.4% Brazilian red pepper oil (P 0.05). It was concluded that the addition of 0.4% Brazilian red pepper oil resulted an improvement in intestinal absorptive surface of broilers compared with chickens fed with diet without growth promoter.

Manipulation of the fatty acids composition of poultry meat and giblets by dietary inclusion of two oil sources and conjugated linoleic acid

The effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in association with two vegetable oil sources on the fatty acids of meat and giblets of broiler chickens was evaluated. Two hundred 21-day-old broiler chickens were distributed in a completely randomized factorial design 2 x 5 (two oil sources, soybean or canola oil; and five levels of CLA, 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0g/kg). The addition of CLA to the diet resulted in an increase (P<0.05) in CLA deposition in the analyzed tissues. CLA supplementation also reduced (P<0.05) the rate of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids in thigh, breast, heart, and gizzard. There was interaction of CLA x oil source (P<0.05). The intake of soybean oil, associated with increasing CLA, resulted in an increase in lipid deposition in edible portions as observed by an increase in the overall content of fatty acids, including CLA, while the use of canola oil, associated with increasing CLA in the diet, resulted in a decrease in lipid content in edible portions, specifically regarding that of saturated fat (P<0.05) in breast meat and liver and in the content of monounsaturated fatty acids (P<0.05) in thigh, breast, liver, and gizzard.

Molluscicidal potential of Heterorhabditis baujardi (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), strain LPP7, on Lymnaea columella (Gastropoda: Pulmonata): An alternative for biological control of fasciolosis

This study elucidated for the first time, under laboratory conditions, the susceptibility of Lymnaea columella to infective juveniles of Heterorhabditis baujardi LPP7. Exposure to the nematodes induced an average mortality rate of 66.66% in the population of L. columella, with the highest values attained from the second week after exposure onward. In addition, all the reproductive parameters analyzed (total number of eggs, number of egg masses, number of eggs laid/snail, embryo hatching rate and content of galactogen stored in the albumen gland) changed as a result of the infection. The results indicate the occurrence of the phenomenon of parasitic castration in L. columella infected by H. baujardi LPP7, probably through depletion of energy reserves such as galactogen, necessary to meet the intense metabolic demands of the nematodes larval stages. Finally, histopathological analysis demonstrated an intense process of cell disorganization, characterized by the occurrence of granulomatous inflammatory reactions in tissues of exposed snails, induced by the spoliative action of the bacteria/nematode. The results suggest the use of H. baujardi LPP7 as an alternative for biological control of the population of this intermediate host, and thus of the diseases in whose epidemiological chain it participates, especially fasciolosis, in line with the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO).

Sinergia entre aditivo vegetal e níveis crescentes de promotores de crescimento sobre o desempenho produtivo e morfometria intestinal de frangos de corte

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of the increase levels of antibiotics associated with the pink pepper meal (PPM) on animal performance and intestinal morphometry of broilers jejunum. A total of 528 day-old male chicks, Cobb 500, distributed in a randomized design of six treatments and four replicates of 22 birds each: T1 - Negative Control (NC) - basal diet without PPM or antibiotics, T2 - Positive Control (PC) - basal diet with 1,2% PP; T3 - PC + 11ppm zinc bacitracin and 17ppm salinomycin, T4 - PC + 22ppm zinc bacitracin and 34ppm salinomycin, T5 - PC + 33ppm zinc bacitracin and 51ppm salinomycin, T6 - PC + 45ppm zinc bacitracin and 67ppm salinomycin. In period of 1-43 days-old, it was observed that the use of PPM with or without antibiotcs reduced feed intake and improved feed:gain ratio compared with NC (P≤0,05). It was observed that the broilers fed diet with antibiotics values of up to 22mg kg-1 of zinc bacitracin and 34mg kg-1 of salinomycin associated with the PPM had the higher villus height compared with NC. The PPM can be used to replace antibiotic growth promoters without decrease on animal performance, viability and production factor.