Lucas Silva

A redução da maioridade penal diminui a violência? Evidências de um estudo comparado

This paper tests the hypothesis that decreasing the age of criminal majority will reduce violence. Methodologically, the research design uses spatial analysis, descriptive and multivariate statistics to examine an original dataset created based on secondary sources. We focus on juvenile judicial system in comparative perspective centering in two variables: (1) age of criminal majority and (2) age of criminal responsibility. The general average of criminal majority tends to 18 years, while the average age of criminal responsibility tends to 11 years. The result shows a negative correlation between the age of criminal majority and homicides rates. That means that countries with lower age of criminal majority have higher rates of violence. With this paper we hope to contribute in the discussion regarding criminal majority reduction in Brazil and in the development of specific public policies to reduce violence.Este artigo testa a hipotese de que a reducao na maioridade penal diminui a violencia. Metodologicamente, o desenho de pesquisa utiliza analise espacial, estatistica descritiva e multivariada para analisar um banco de dados original elaborado a partir de fontes secundarias. O foco repousa sobre o sistema de justica juvenil em perspectiva comparada a partir de duas variaveis: (1) maioridade penal e (2) responsabilidade criminal. A media de maioridade penal global converge para 18 anos, enquanto a media de responsabilizacao criminal se aproxima de 11 anos. Os resultados sugerem uma correlacao negativa entre a idade de imputabilidade penal e a taxa de homicidios, ou seja, quanto menor o patamar de maioridade penal, maior o nivel de violencia. Com este artigo, esperamos contribuir com o debate sobre a reducao da maioridade penal no Brasil e, consequentemente, com o aprimoramento de politicas publicas especificas de combate a violencia.

Does the reduction of criminal majority decrease violence? Evidence from a comparative study

This paper tests the hypothesis that decreasing the age of criminal majority will reduce violence. Methodologically, the research design uses spatial analysis, descriptive and multivariate statistics to examine an original dataset created based on secondary sources. We focus on juvenile judicial system in comparative perspective centering in two variables: (1) age of criminal majority and (2) age of criminal responsibility. The general average of criminal majority tends to 18 years, while the average age of criminal responsibility tends to 11 years. The result shows a negative correlation between the age of criminal majority and homicides rates. That means that countries with lower age of criminal majority have higher rates of violence. With this paper we hope to contribute in the discussion regarding criminal majority reduction in Brazil and in the development of specific public policies to reduce violence.Este artigo testa a hipotese de que a reducao na maioridade penal diminui a violencia. Metodologicamente, o desenho de pesquisa utiliza analise espacial, estatistica descritiva e multivariada para analisar um banco de dados original elaborado a partir de fontes secundarias. O foco repousa sobre o sistema de justica juvenil em perspectiva comparada a partir de duas variaveis: (1) maioridade penal e (2) responsabilidade criminal. A media de maioridade penal global converge para 18 anos, enquanto a media de responsabilizacao criminal se aproxima de 11 anos. Os resultados sugerem uma correlacao negativa entre a idade de imputabilidade penal e a taxa de homicidios, ou seja, quanto menor o patamar de maioridade penal, maior o nivel de violencia. Com este artigo, esperamos contribuir com o debate sobre a reducao da maioridade penal no Brasil e, consequentemente, com o aprimoramento de politicas publicas especificas de combate a violencia.

¿La reducción de la edad legal disminuye la violencia? Evidencia de un estudio comparativo

This paper tests the hypothesis that decreasing the age of criminal majority will reduce violence. Methodologically, the research design uses spatial analysis, descriptive and multivariate statistics to examine an original dataset created based on secondary sources. We focus on juvenile judicial system in comparative perspective centering in two variables: (1) age of criminal majority and (2) age of criminal responsibility. The general average of criminal majority tends to 18 years, while the average age of criminal responsibility tends to 11 years. The result shows a negative correlation between the age of criminal majority and homicides rates. That means that countries with lower age of criminal majority have higher rates of violence. With this paper we hope to contribute in the discussion regarding criminal majority reduction in Brazil and in the development of specific public policies to reduce violence.Este artigo testa a hipotese de que a reducao na maioridade penal diminui a violencia. Metodologicamente, o desenho de pesquisa utiliza analise espacial, estatistica descritiva e multivariada para analisar um banco de dados original elaborado a partir de fontes secundarias. O foco repousa sobre o sistema de justica juvenil em perspectiva comparada a partir de duas variaveis: (1) maioridade penal e (2) responsabilidade criminal. A media de maioridade penal global converge para 18 anos, enquanto a media de responsabilizacao criminal se aproxima de 11 anos. Os resultados sugerem uma correlacao negativa entre a idade de imputabilidade penal e a taxa de homicidios, ou seja, quanto menor o patamar de maioridade penal, maior o nivel de violencia. Com este artigo, esperamos contribuir com o debate sobre a reducao da maioridade penal no Brasil e, consequentemente, com o aprimoramento de politicas publicas especificas de combate a violencia.

Corporate Dependence in Brazil's 2010 Elections for Federal Deputy

What is the profile of candidates whose electoral campaigns are the most dependent on corporate donations? Our main objective is to identify factors that help explaining the level of corporate dependence among them. We answer this question in relation to the 2010 elections for federal deputy in Brazil. We test five hypotheses: 01. right-wing party candidates are more dependent than their counterparts on the left; 02. government coalition candidates are more dependent than candidates from the opposition; 03. incumbents are more dependent on corporate donations than challengers; 04. businesspeople running as candidates receive more corporate donations than other candidates; and 05. male candidates are more dependent than female candidates. Methodologically, the research design combines both descriptive and multivariate statistics. We use OLS regression, cluster analysis and the Tobit model. The results show support for hypotheses 01, 03 and 04. There is no empirical support for hypothesis 05. Finally, hypothesis 02 was not only rejected, but we find evidence that candidates from the opposition receive more contributions from the corporate sector.