Luciana Atti Serafini

Estudo do óleo essencial de algumas espécies do gênero Baccharis (Asteraceae) do sul do Brasil

About 15% of the known Baccharis species have been phytochemically studied, but few studies regarding their essential oils have been reported. The present work aims to identify native species of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, and to evaluate their aromatic potential. Twelve samples were collected in different sites within the State. The essential oils were obtained by an one hour hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus, using plant materials dried for four days at 30°C. The GC analyses were carried out with a HP6890 Series apparatus, equiped with a HP-Chemstation data processor and an HP-Innowax column. The GC/MS analyses were carried out with an HP 6890/MSD5973, equiped with an HP Chemstation and a Wiley 275 spectra library, using the same column as above. The best yield was those of B. articulata (0.5% v/w). b-Pinene was identified as the main component in the samples from B. articulata (41.4% to 52.8%) and from B. cogata (27.2%). Spathulenol was present in the samples from B. semiserrata (15.5% and 25.5%) and those from B. uncinella (47.7% and 23.1%). B. oxyodonta showed limonene (24.3%). Two samples of B. milleflora had spathulenol as main component, but a third one had b-pinene as main constituent.

Extraction of essential oils from lime (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) by hydrodistillation and supercritical carbon dioxide

Neste trabalho o oleo essencial de lima acida foi extraido por hidrodestilacao e CO2 supercritico. No caso da hidrodestilacao, os parâmetros avaliados foram o tempo de processo e caracteristicas do material vegetal. Em extracao supercritica, os parâmetros avaliados foram temperatura, pressao e fluxo do CO2, tempo de processo e caracteristicas do material. Considerando o conteudo de citral, os melhores resultados para hidrodestilacao foram obtidos em um tempo de processo de 3 horas utilizando-se cascas inteiras. Os melhores resultados para extracao supercritica foram obtidos a 60oC, 90 bar, a um fluxo de CO2 de 1 mL/ min para 30 minutos de processo utilizando-se cascas moidas. Os melhores resultados em termos de rendimento de oleo essencial foram obtidos por hidrodestilacao (5,45% p/p) e extracao supercritica (7,93% p/p), para cascas moidas.

Physico-chemical evaluation of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oils

Dezenove amostras de Rosmarinus officinalis foram extraidas por destilacao por arraste a vapor em uma planta piloto e os oleos essenciais foram avaliados quanto a composicao quimica e caracteristicas fisico-quimicas. Os rendimentos de oleo essencial variaram de 0,37% (media de 1999) a 0,49% (media de 1998). Vinte componentes foram identificados nos oleos essenciais. Os componentes majoritarios foram a-pineno (40,55 a 45,10%), 1,8-cineol (17,40 a 19,35%), canfeno (4,73 a 6,06%) e verbenona (2,32 a 3,86%). A media por safra dos parâmetros fisico-quimicos avaliados resultaram em 0,8887g/cm3 para densidade especifica, 1,4689 para indice de refracao e +11,82o para rotacao optica, sendo que as variacoes encontradas para os parâmetros quimicos e fisico-quimicos dos oleos essenciais nao variaram significativamente em funcao do ano de producao.

Efeito fungicida dos óleos essenciais de Schinus molle L. e Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Anacardiaceae, do Rio Grande do Sul

Uma das alternativas para reduzir o uso de agrotoxicos pode ser a utilizacao de oleos essenciais para o controle de doencas e pragas que afetam a producao agricola. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o efeito fungicida dos oleos essenciais de Schinus molle L. e Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, especies nativas amplamente distribuidas na regiao. Os oleos foram extraidos por hidrodestilacao e analisados por cromatografia gasosa. Os fungos fitopatogenos Alternaria spp., Botrytis spp., Colletotrichum spp. e Fusarium spp., foram isolados a partir de gerberas e rosas com sintomas de doenca e os ensaios de atividade antifungica foram realizados atraves da tecnica de difusao em disco e os dados analisados pelo teste de Tukey e Duncan a 5%. Em geral o oleo essencial de S. molle foi efetivo para os quatro fungos testados, nas quatro diluicoes utilizadas e para todos os tempos avaliados e o oleo essencial de S. terebinthifolius apresenta efeito fungicida mais pronunciado contra Botrytis spp., a partir de testes in vitro.

Essential oil composition of south Brazilian populations of Cunila galioides and its relation with the geographic distribution

Abstract Air-dried samples of 20 Brazilian populations of Cunila galioides were extracted by steam distillation and analyzed using GS and GS–MS. A total of 40 volatile compounds were detected and identified. Fourteen compounds were presented in high concentration, (>10% of the essential oils) in at least one of the populations, and were used to analyze the relationship between the populations. Three affinity groups, which can be considered as chemotypes, were formed by the average linkage cluster analysis. The citral group was characterized by high concentrations of neral and geranial (28 ± 1.49% and 40.5 ± 1.73%, respectively), the ocimene group by high concentration of trans-β-ocimene (33.05 ± 2.54%), and the menthene group by the presence of 1,8-cineole (10.69 ± 2.93%), trans-p-2,8-menthadiene-1-ol (11.46 ± 1.54%), 1,3,8-menthatriene (10.39 ± 1.41%), and 1,5,8-p-menthatriene (7.75 ± 2.32%), as their main constituents. Geographically, the chemotypes containing citral originated from the northeast plateau of Rio Grande do Sul, whereas chemotypes containing ocimene originated from the grasslands of high altitudes of the Atlantic range, and those of the menthene group were found in a transition area between the two regions. The chemovariation observed appear to be genetically determined.

Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Labiatae) Essential Oils from the South of Brazil and Uruguay

Abstract Rosemary oils from cultivars of Rosmarinus officinalis L. growing in different areas of Uruguay and South of Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul State) were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oils from Uruguay were found to be rich in αpinene (37.8–46.2%) and 1,8-cineole (13.4–13.8%). The oil from R. officinalis which was cultivated in Brazil contained αpinene (32.2%) and 1,8-cineole (14.7%), while the oil from wild plants found in Brazil contained αpinene (12.4%), myrcene (22.7%) and 1,8-cineole (15.3%).

Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils from Leaves and Fruits of Schinus molle L. and Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi from Southern Brazil

Abstract The essential oils of two Anacardiaceae species, Schinus molle L. and Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, native from Brazil, were obtained by hydrodistillation and the oils composition studied by capillary GC and GC-MS. Twenty seven compounds were identified for S. molle and twenty nine for S. terebinthifolius. The leaves and fruits essential oils for both S. molle and S. terebinthifolius were characterised by a high percentage of sesquiterpene and monoterpene hydrocarbons. The S. terebinthifolius essential oils obtained from leaves and berries presented differences with those previously described in the literature, while the leave oil of S. molle showed similar composition to that from Uruguay. These findings have ecological and economic significance as S. molle and S. terebinthifolius are promising species in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and chemical industries.

Análise de taninos totais em plantas aromáticas e medicinais cultivadas no Nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul

Tannins are polyphenolic compounds present in plants which are also found in foods and beverages. They are specially used by pharmaceutical, food, leather and rubber industries, and also for water treatment. Considering the significance of this group of compounds, several of aromatic and medicinal plants cultivated in Northern Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, were tested for their total tannin content. Angelica archangelica , Cinnamomun camphora var. linaloolifera fugita , Cymbopogon citratus, Lavandula dentata , Lippia alba, Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris were analysed and compared with Acacia mearnsii (black wattle) which is industrially used for tannin extraction. The extraction procedure was made by macerating the plants in methanol, and the quantification was done using Folin Denis reagent and spectrophotometry. By using a calibration curve (% tannic acid equivalent) the total tannin contents range from 0.01% ( Cymbopogom citratus ) to 18.9% ( Lippia alba ).

Essential oil yield and composition of Lamiaceae species growing in southern Brazil

The Lamiaceae family has been described to be rich in essential oil. The aim of the present work was to identify the native species of Rio Grande do Sul with potential use as the aromatic plants. Seven species of the family were collected in the different localities of the state. The essential oils were obtained by 1h hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus. The constituents were identified by comparing their GC Kovats retention indices (RI), determined with reference to a homologous series of n-alkanes and by comparing their mass spectral fragmentation patterns with literature data. Cunila incisa and Mentha aquatica resulted in the higher esssential oil yields (1.94% v/w and 0.93% v/w, respectively. The composition of M. aquatica was 80% methone, with almost 14% pulegone. C. microcephala had 53% menthofuran and C. incisa nearly 45% of 1.8-cineol and 18% α-terpineol.

Essential oils of camphor tree (cinnamomum camphora nees & eberm) cultivated in Southern Brazil

The essential oils of two varieties of Camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora Nees & Eberm, Lauraceae), known as Hon-Sho and Ho-Sho cultivated in experimental stands in Southern Brazil were studied. The essential oils were obtained from the leaves and twigs of young plants by hydrodistillation. The identification of the components was performed using GC, GC/MS and retention indexes on methyl silicone and carbowax phases. The main components identified were linalool in the Ho-Sho and camphor in the Hon-Sho.