Luciana Gregory Ritter

Gerenciamento de recursos hídricos: desafios e potencialidades do Comitê de Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Passo Fundo

Os Comites de Bacias Hidrograficas sao orgaos colegiados onde sao debatidas as questoes regionais referentes a gestao das aguas, desempenhando um papel estrategico na Politica de Recursos Hidricos, pois tem o potencial de sintetizar suas diretrizes. Deste modo o objetivo do presente trabalho e avaliar a evolucao das acoes do Comite de Bacia do Rio Passo Fundo e seus impactos na implementacao do Sistema Estadual de Recursos Hidricos na respectiva bacia. Apos a analise das atas do Comite e destaque dos principais assuntos debatidos, pode-se concluir que o Comite apresenta problemas relacionados a falta de recursos financeiros, e uma baixa participacao dos membros nas reunioes, sendo que a maior dificuldade do comite esta em como motivar a participacao da sociedade e de alguns usuarios para as questoes de interesse coletivo, pois muitos municipios somente apresentam-se atuantes no comite no momento em que existe algum interesse ou demanda do municipio a ser sanado. Entretanto, o comite apresenta-se em estagio avancado de desenvolvimento, tendo o Conselho Estadual de Recursos Hidricos homologado a proposta de enquadramento das aguas superficiais que estabelece os parâmetros de qualidade para o uso dos recursos hidricos na Bacia Hidrografica do Rio Passo Fundo para os proximos vinte anos.

Management committees bowl: challenges and potential

Increased environmental degradation leads to the search for new management methods aimed at sustainable development. In this context, arise river basin committees, which are provided for in the National Water Resources Management, which is the system created by the National Water Resources. The committees are collegiate bodies which are discussed regional issues related to water management as part of this system representatives of the Union, the states and the Federal District whose territories are situated, even partially, in their respective areas, the municipalities located in whole or in part, in its area of operation, the water users in its area of operation and civil entities of water resources with proven activities in the basin. The committees have multiple assignments, which are described in art. 19 of the State Law 10.350/94 - in the case of water resources policy of the State of Rio Grande do Sul fitting highlight its function of resolving conflicts. Possessing the potential to synthesize the guidelines, the committee set up in an institutional space which can be characterized as a decision-making arena for sharing interests and political integration of the sectors of water users and civil society. Thus, the success of its operation to some extent means the success of own water policy, especially with regard to the management decentralized and participatory. The challenge is that these spaces are effectively public, both in its format as the results, and such committees must undergo continuous evaluation of their social structure, from an analysis of their actions while organs that must function as a forum integrator policies, promoting the integrated and sustainable management of natural resources of the watershed, according to the guidelines of Water Resources.

VULNERABILIDADE AMBIENTAL E ÁREAS DE INFILTRAÇÃO MÁXIMA DE ÁGUA

The perception of the human being that environmental resources are limited, it takes the use of instruments to the planning and management of the environment, such as the determination of environmental vulnerability, which enables the assessment of the risk of the area in question geo-environmental processes such as erosion, contamination of soils, water resources, loss of agricultural use, among others. Environmental assessment of a region allows the identification of their potential use (or not use), occupation, vulnerability, dynamics and complexity of the ecosystem, leading to the realization of actions that will enable their preservation and conservation. From proper planning can be avoided areas of environmental vulnerability within the watershed, giving them uses compatible with its current state, as well as studies to identify the factors that are triggering this picture of environmental vulnerability, then to seek remediation alternatives. The analysis of the areas of environmental vulnerability becomes a valuable tool as it assists the manager in decision-making, thus minimizing the errors of judgment and optimizing the process.

ANÁLISE E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO FÁTIMA LOCALIZADO NO MUNICÍPIO DE FREDERICO WESTPHALEN-RS

The question discussed in this paper is recovering Areas of Permanent Preservation (APP) stream Fatima degraded by human action, which is necessary for the recovery of biodiversity and by virtue of the Law. The study area is located in Fatima District, in the city of Frederico Westphalen, RS. Through visits to the local there was a series of impacts. Given this concern about the degraded areas, the present study aims to implement reforestation techniques for the place restoration and de population awareness to prevent future pollution.

DELIMITAÇÃO E MONITORAMENTO VEGETATIVO DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO LAJEADO CHIQUINHA

The agriculture, livestock and industry are economic activities that require large areas where deforestation is the first negative consequence for the environment where the study and the integrated management of river basins are the only ways to be followed for the diagnosis and as the environmental recovery of these units, leading to balanced ecosystems therein. Thus, the aim of this work is the delineation of the Basin Paved Chiquinha through software Quantum GIS (QGIS), combined the use of Google Earth software images for vegetation monitoring through temporal analysis. We used a tool called historical images from Google Earth to the temporal analysis of the presence of vegetation surrounding the paved, thus following the changes during specific periods of time. The lack of vegetation along the entire length of the paved, besides being in violation of the requirements set forth in law, decreases site preservation and maintenance of biodiversity, also affecting the rates of soil infiltration and runoff.

MONITORAMENTO E AVALIAÇÃO DE ASPECTOS RELACIONADOS À COMPOSTAGEM DE LODO DE ABATEDOURO DE FRANGOS

Devido ao grande crescimento da producao de frangos e consequentemente aumento na geracao de residuos busca-se formas de alternativas para o tratamento de residuos gerados na avicultura de corte, de modo a buscar um desenvolvimento sustentavel que vise a preservacao ambiental e a expansao comercial. A compostagem surge como uma alternativa viavel e de baixo custo para o tratamento desses residuos proveniente de abatedouros de frango. O experimento foi instalado no campus da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM na cidade de Frederico Westphalen – RS, onde objetivou-se avaliar a eficiencia da compostagem atraves do monitoramento da temperatura e avaliacao de parâmetros como: moscas, insetos, larvas, minhocas e odor. Com relacao aos resultados obtidos verificou-se a maior temperatura registrada de 59oC. A intensa presenca de moscas em todas as leiras logo apos a instalacao das mesmas. Observou-se tambem que na fase mesofila e inicio da fase termofila, as moscas permaneceram por maior periodo no ambiente. As larvas foram verificadas somente na fase inicial de compostagem, desaparecendo apos passar pela fase termofila. A compostagem esta na fase criofila, com apenas a presenca de minhocas e insetos.

Determination of index risk of river basin vacacaí-mirim with the use of indicators of danger and vulnerability

With the increasing of pollution levels of water resources, whether it surface or underground, With the increasing levels of pollution of water resources, whether surface or underground, appear alternative that aim to establish methodologies used in estimating the natural vulnerability to contamination that aquifer presents. The hazard can be defined as a potential threat to humans and their welfare. Since the risk element can be the probability in which harmful occurrences, and they are economic, social or environmental, resulting from interactions between natural hazards and human systems. This study aim to determine risk, hazard and vulnerability to contamination in the river watershed Vacacai-Mirim. To determine the vulnerability was used GOD methodology (Groundwaterhydraulicconfinement Overlayingstrata Depthtogroundwatertable). The risk was considered to be the product of the hazard estimated by vulnerability, the danger was obtained by reason of the Index of Potential Polluters of the Industry by Socioeconomic Development Index. For municipalities constituents of River watershed Vacacai-Mirim, the socioeconomics index (income, health, and sanitation conditions of households and education) ranged from low to high. Regarding vulnerability to contamination, the values ranged from insignificant to extreme, values of Hazard and Risk ranged from Low / zero to very high. The danger ranged from low to very high, since the risk ranged between low / zero and very high.