Alexandre Couto Rodrigues

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: THE VISION OF POPULATION IN THE CITY OF FREDERICO WESTPHALEN

The society involvement in environmental issues is of extreme necessity, where each individual is responsible for the production and disposal of their waste, thus establishing a link between citizenship and environmental education. Household waste are part of the villain that links the destruction of the environment and depletion of natural resources, in addition to numerous problems. This study aimed to identify ways to dispose of, knowledge about household waste separation methods and disposal of these materials, used by the population of the city of Frederico Westphalen RS, as well as environmental damage and correct ways to reduce these 2060 KEMERICH et al., v(10), no 10, p. 2059-2068, JAN-ABR, 2013. Rev. Elet. em Gestao, Educacao e Tecnologia Ambiental (e-ISSN: 2236-1170) http://cascavel.ufsm.br/revistas/ojs-2.2.2/index.php/reget impacts with new methods of conscious consumption. The study demonstrated that the higher the education level of the individual, the greater its environmental awareness.

THE COMPOSTING PROCESS ASSESSMENT USING WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT SLUDGE DAIRY

The study evaluated the composting process using float sludge from Dairy Wastewater Treatment Plant in order to check the quality of the final compound and the value end fertilizer for applicability in agriculture. This was developed in the experimental area of Agricultural College of Frederick / CAFW-UFSM in Fredericksburg in Medium High Uruguay of Rio Grande do Sul region, from April to July 2013. The experiment was performed in triplicate, where each windrow composting comprised float sludge (nitrogen source) and tifton 85 hay (carbon source). During the process was monitor the temperature, climatic variables, insects, fungi, spiders, worms, larvae and odor. After maturation of the chemical analysis of the final composite substrates were also performed. The development of the process during the fall / winter and instances of rainy periods, caused the temperature of cells accompany the room temperature only reaching higher temperatures during periods without significant rainfall, and preventing the process reached the thermophilic stage. Nevertheless, the resulting substrate had good C/N, 18.67: 1, and can be used without prejudice to the soil as fertilizer.

DEGRADAÇÃO DE SACOLAS PLÁSTICAS CONVENCIONAIS E OXIBIODEGRADÁVEIS

O uso de sacolas plasticas e comum no cotidiano das pessoas, porem seu acumulo no meio ambiente e um problema serio causado pela sociedade moderna. Dessa forma, torna-se fundamental estudar a degradacao destas para entender os processos que podem ocorrer quando descartadas indevidamente pela sociedade. Diante disso, sacolas plasticas convencionais e oxibiodegradaveis foram submetidas a exposicao as intemperies (chuva, umidade, oscilacao de temperatura do ar, radiacao solar) sob a areia, para avaliar a degradacao natural das amostras em funcao de suas respectivas perdas de massa. Notou-se que as sacolas convencionais e oxibiodegradaveis apresentaram perda de massa, porem ambas apresentaram comportamento similares frente as intemperies. As sacolas oxibiodegradaveis nao apresentaram degradacao total durante o periodo de estudo (12 meses).

EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA NA CONSCIENTIZAÇÃO AMBIENTAL EM ESCOLAS DE EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA

A conscientizacao ambiental da populacao em estrategias de gestao vem se mostrando de fundamental importância para a preservacao de recursos naturais. Acoes de Educacao Ambiental estimulam a diminuicao da geracao descontrolada de residuos, da degradacao e da contaminacao do Meio Ambiente, melhorando as relacoes socioambientais. Sendo assim, visando a formacao de uma identidade sustentavel em alunos de Ensino Fundamental, iniciaram-se atividades de extensao universitaria com intuito de difundir a conscientizacao ambiental atraves de praticas sustentaveis, como compostagem, reaproveitamento de agua da chuva, cultivo de hortalicas orgânicas e separacao adequada de residuos solidos. Os trabalhos foram realizados com alunos de tres escolas da regiao de abrangencia da UFSM – Campus de Frederico Westphalen, sendo elas: Escola Estadual de Ensino Medio Cardeal Roncalli, Instituto Estadual de Educacao Madre Tereza e Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental Waldemar Sampaio Barros. Os resultados mostram a sensibilizacao, atraves das praticas realizadas nas escolas, e o ganho de conhecimento dos alunos. Houve uma significativa diminuicao na geracao de residuos solidos e, ainda, uma obtencao de grande quantidade de composto orgânico, proveniente de trabalhos com compostagem nos patios das escolas envolvidas no projeto. Ressalta-se, tambem, o aproveitamento do composto orgânico na construcao de hortas, que, posteriormente, geraram hortalicas saudaveis, disponibilizadas nas merendas escolares.

Uso de Substrato Compostado na Produção de Mudas de Eucalyptus dunnii e Cordia trichotoma

The substrates have influence on germination and growth of forest species seedlings. Aiming to evaluate the germination, growth and quality of Eucalyptus dunnii and Cordia trichotom seedlings on substrates obtained by composting of organic waste we conducted an experiment at UFSM, campus Frederico Westphalen, Brazil. Four substrates composting (university restaurant waste, recycling household waste, liquid cattle manure and flotation process sludge) and commercial substrate (with and without mineral fertilizer) were used. The design was completely randomized with four replications. The substrates influenced the germination rate, but did not affect the final germination percentage. Alternative substrates from waste of university restaurant waste and flotation process sludge provided greater height and diameter of E. dunni and C. trichotoma seedlings and can be used to replace the commercial substrate.

Uso de Substrato Compostado na Produção de Mudas de Eucalyptus dunnii e Cordia trichotoma / Composted Substrate in the Production of Eucalyptus dunnii and Cordia trichotoma Seedlings

The substrates have influence on germination and growth of forest species seedlings. Aiming to evaluate the germination, growth and quality of Eucalyptus dunnii and Cordia trichotom seedlings on substrates obtained by composting of organic waste we conducted an experiment at UFSM, campus Frederico Westphalen, Brazil. Four substrates composting (university restaurant waste, recycling household waste, liquid cattle manure and flotation process sludge) and commercial substrate (with and without mineral fertilizer) were used. The design was completely randomized with four replications. The substrates influenced the germination rate, but did not affect the final germination percentage. Alternative substrates from waste of university restaurant waste and flotation process sludge provided greater height and diameter of E. dunni and C. trichotoma seedlings and can be used to replace the commercial substrate.

CONCENTRAÇÕES DE METAIS EM SOLO OCUPADO POR CEMITÉRIO - USO DA TÉCNICA DE ESPECTROMETRIA DE FLUORESCÊNCIA DE RAIOS-X POR ENERGIA DISPERSIVA - EDXRF

The study of contamination of soil and surface water resources and / or by underground cemeteries is an area still fresh in the scientific community. The main contaminant is necrochorume generated from the decomposition process of the human body over a period of time. This study aimed to determine the range of variation of the concentration of some metals in soil profiles. We used the technique of Fluorescence Spectroscopy Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDXRF) evaluated in 70 soil samples. The study area was a cemetery located in Seberi in the northwest of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Parana Basin, in Oxisols red ferric aluminum originated from the weathering of volcanic rocks, basalts forming the type of the Serra Geral Aquifer System / SGAS. The selection of the sampling sites was estimated from the preferential flow of surface water, using the mathematical method of kriging interpolation. We considered 10 collection points distributed between the ground surface to a depth of 300 cm, in materials with stony clay matrix to the C horizon Metals Aluminium and Iron and Vanadium nonmetal showed varying concentrations in different depths of the soil profile.

PLANO DE GERENCIAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS: ESTUDO DE CASO EM USINA DE TRIAGEM

The process of allocation/environmentally sound disposal of solid waste, has become the subject of research and incentives by the government agencies. Based on this, the present study aims to analyze the management system of municipal solid waste in a triage unit in the municipality of Seberi - RS. The unit of study is a consortium of 30 municipalities, which meant their waste daily to the screening process and environmentally sound disposal. It could be observed that the greatest amount of material present in the waste plastic is recyclable, and the city of Fredericksburg what else contributes daily. Based on this, it was concluded that local consortium must invest heavily in a selective collection system, which would result in better conditions of recyclable materials, adhering highest values and decreasing maintenance costs of the unit.

INDICATIVO DE CONTAMINAÇÃO AMBIENTAL POR METAIS PESADOS EM ATERRO SANITÁRIO

The manure is a dark liquid, which contains high concentrations of organic and inorganic compounds. This fluid can contain heavy metals, suspended solids and organic compounds derived from the degradation of substances that are metabolized as carbohydrates, proteins and fats. By virtue of the place where you can reach and contaminate soil and surface and underground water resources, threatening the population living near the area. This study aimed to analyze the concentrations of heavy metals barium, copper and chromium in soil occupied by the landfill. To collect soil auger were performed on 10 different sites and depths. To determine the metal has been used the technique of fluorescence X-ray Energy Dispersive and with the aid of specialized software 10 were Surfer generating the data to the maps. All metals cited in this study indicate soil contamination at some sites and depths, highlighting the point 8 a share of 538.94 m, obtaining concentrations of barium, copper and chromium indicating relation of the surface flow and sub-surface water contaminated by these elements, with the results obtained it can be seen the potential of metal contamination in soil displaced by landfill.

COMPOSTAGEM COMO ALTERNATIVA DE DESTINAÇÃO PARA O LODO FLOTADO DE ABATEDOURO DE FRANGOS

Qualquer atividade humana leva a producao de residuos, no entanto a sociedade exige continuamente a manutencao e melhoria das condicoes ambientais, onde diversas tecnicas de reaproveitamento ou transformacao de residuos podem ser utilizadas. Uma das tecnicas que vem sendo amplamente empregada e a compostagem, onde ocorre a degradacao biologica, aerobica ou anaerobica de residuos orgânicos, de modo a produzir uma substância humica para condicionar o solo. Os abatedouros de frangos constituem-se de grandes fontes geradores de poluicao principalmente das aguas. Dessa forma o presente trabalho relata a aplicacao da compostagem como forma de disposicao do lodo gerado no tratamento de efluentes de um abatedouro de frangos. Foram aplicados tres tratamentos diferenciados e avaliou-se alguns parâmetros como temperatura, odor, moscas, formigas, larvas na leira, chorume e larvas no chorume e umidade, pH, Nitrogenio, Fosforo, Carbono e potassio. Os resultados apresentaram-se satisfatorios, havendo para cada parâmetro suas particularidades em aspectos positivos e negativos.