Luciano Dias de Mattos Souza

Atividade física e qualidade de vida

Acredita-se na atividade fisica como uma forma de restaurar a saude dos efeitos nocivos que a rotina estressante do trabalho/estudo traz. O estudo constitui uma pesquisa transversal que objetiva analisar as associacoes da pratica de atividades esportivas na qualidade de vida dos individuos. A amostra foi constituida por 107 professores, 111 funcionarios e 638 estudantes da Universidade Catolica de Pelotas (UCPel), totalizando 863 participantes. Foram utilizados como instrumentos o WHOQOL-breve/OMS para avaliar a qualidade de vida e questionario de atividades fisicas habituais traduzido e modificado por NahasNuPAF/UFSC, 2001. Do total, 394 sao do sexo masculino e 469 do sexo feminino. Destes, 313 sao moderadamente ativos, 210 inativos, 207 ativos e 136 sao muito ativos. Pode-se observar que, em media, quanto mais ativa a pessoa e, melhor sua qualidade de vida. Alem disso, dentre as diferencas na qualidade de vida das pessoas que praticam atividades fisicas comparadas com as que nao praticam, nao estao apenas os aspectos de saude fisica, mas tambem aspectos psicologicos e cognitivos. Estes resultados servem de estimulo a profissionais de diferentes areas para incentivarem e apoiarem a definicao de rotinas de atividades fisicas para seus pacientes.

Prevalence of episodes of mania and hypomania and associated comorbidities among young adults

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of episodes of mania and hypomania, as well as associated factors and comorbidities among adults 18 to 24 years old in the city of Pelotas, Brazil. METHOD This is a cross-sectional population-based study. The sample was selected through conglomerates, and episodes of mania and hypomania were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric. RESULTS The sample consisted of 1560 subjects. The lifetime prevalence of manic and hypomanic episodes was 7.5% and 5.3%, respectively. Subjects with (hypo)manic episodes had a higher prevalence of anxiety disorders, substance abuse and suicidality. LIMITATION The high rate of (hypo)mania may to some extent reflect diagnostic error. CONCLUSION Such high prevalence of (hypo)mania may nonetheless be valid as it was associated with corresponding rates of comorbidity and suicidality.

Suicidal ideation in adolescents aged 11 to 15 years: prevalence and associated factors

OBJECTIVE To verify the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal ideation among adolescents aged 11 to 15 years. METHOD Cross-sectional population-based study. Adolescents completed a self-report that contained the Childrens Depression Inventory. Suicidal ideation was measured according to item 9 of the Childrens Depression Inventory. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied using a hierarchical model. RESULTS 1145 adolescents were invited to participate, and 1039 were interviewed (refusal rate: 9.26%). The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 14.1%. Factors associated to suicidal ideation: female gender, current alcohol consumption, use of illicit drugs, symptoms indicating conduct disorders and high Childrens Depression Inventory scores for depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Prevention strategies should focus on female adolescents, especially those sexually active with probable mental health problems and substance use.

Depression during pregnancy in the Brazilian public health care system.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of depression and correlate clinical and demographic characteristics in pregnant women assisted by the public health system in the city of Pelotas, RS, Brazil. METHOD We performed a cross-sectional study focused on pregnant women assisted by the public health service. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to screen for depression. RESULTS In a sample of 1,264 pregnant women aged 12-46 years, 21.1% (n = 255) presented a depressive episode during pregnancy. The presence of depression was associated with older age, lower education, lack of a cohabiting partner, not being primiparous, planned pregnancy, abortion thoughts, psychological or psychiatric treatment, smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and stressful events. CONCLUSION Pregnant women assisted by the Brazilian public health system presented a high prevalence of depression. Psychiatric history, lack of support, and stressful events increase the probability of antenatal depression.

Bem-estar espiritual e transtornos psiquiátricos menores em estudantes de psicologia: estudo transversal

INTRODUCAO: Religiosidade/espiritualidade e saude mental parecem positivamente associadas. O estudo examina associacoes entre bem-estar espiritual e disturbios psiquiatricos menores em estudantes de Psicologia. METODOS: Uma escala de bem-estar espiritual, o Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) e informacoes sociodemograficas foram utilizadas na totalidade (n = 351) dos alunos de Psicologia da Universidade Catolica de Pelotas (RS), no ano de 2002. Foram comparados os escores atuais com os dos alunos de Direito e Medicina da mesma universidade em 2001 (n = 464). RESULTADOS: 84,6% dos alunos de Psicologia apresentaram espiritualidade negativa, comparados a 68,8% dos academicos de Medicina e 68,5% de Direito (p DISCUSSAO: Os achados coincidem com a experiencia internacional. E preocupante que estudantes de Psicologia se mostrem mais distantes de questoes espirituais/religiosas, levando em conta a associacao espiritualidade/saude-enfermidade. CONCLUSAO: A religiosidade/espiritualidade se mostrou como fator inversamente associado a transtornos psiquiatricos menores em estudantes de Psicologia.INTRODUCTION: Religiosity/spirituality and mental health seem to be positively associated. This study examines associations between spiritual well-being and psychiatric disorders in psychology students. METHODS: A spiritual well-being scale - the self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20) - and sociodemographic information were used to all psychology students (n = 351) from Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, RS, Brazil, during the year of 2002. Current scores were compared to those obtained from medical and law students of the same university in 2001 (n = 464). RESULTS: 84.6% of psychology students presented negative spirituality, compared to 68.8% of medical and 68.5% of law students (p DISCUSSION: The findings coincide with the international experience. It is a matter of concern that psychology students define themselves more distant from spiritual/religious issues, considering the association spirituality/health-illness. CONCLUSION: Spirituality-religiosity appeared as a factor inversely associated to minor psychiatric disorders among psychology students.

Transtornos mentais comuns e qualidade de vida em jovens: uma amostra populacional de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) and their association with quality of life among young adults in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. This was a cross-sectional population-based study of young people 18 to 24 years of age. Sampling used simple cluster selection. Investigation of CMD used the Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20), while quality of life was measured with the Medical Outcomes Survey Short-Form General Health Survey (SF-36). Prevalence of CMD in the study sample was 24.5% (N = 382), and was positively associated with: female gender, lower socioeconomic status (classes D or E), not studying, not working, alcohol consumption, smoking, and substance abuse. Young adults with CMD had lower mean scores on the SF-36 in all the assessed quality of life domains. Measures to prevent CMD are necessary to provide better quality of life for this age group.

Bem-estar psicológico e adolescência: fatores associados

This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with psychological well-being among adolescents in a southern Brazilian city. A cross-sectional study was performed with a representative sample (n = 960) of adolescents (15-18 years). Eighty-six households were visited in each of the 90 randomized census tracts. Parents signed a written consent form before the adolescent answered a self-reported questionnaire. Psychological well-being was evaluated with a scale containing seven figures representing expressions varying from extreme happiness to extreme sadness. Adolescents were asked to mark the figure that best resembled the way they felt about their lives, and 72.33% reported a high level of psychological well-being. Prevalence of psychological well-being was higher in families with better economic status and higher maternal schooling. Adolescents who practiced a religion, did not smoke or consume alcohol, and wished to lose weight showed a higher level of psychological well-being, suggesting an interrelationship between health behaviors.

Immune dysfunction in bipolar disorder and suicide risk: is there an association between peripheral corticotropin‐releasing hormone and interleukin‐1β?

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between peripheral levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) with and without suicide risk (SR), and controls. METHODS A total of 120 young adults (40 controls, 40 subjects with BD without SR, and 40 subjects with BD with SR) were enrolled from a population-based study carried out in the city of Pelotas, Brazil. BD and SR were assessed through the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI 5.0), and peripheral markers were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Levels of CRH were significantly lower both in subjects with BD without SR (p = 0.04) and subjects with BD with SR (p = 0.02) when compared to controls. However, levels of IL-1β were increased in subjects with BD with SR (p = 0.05) when compared to controls. Sociodemographic and clinical variables, current mood episode, and use of psychiatric medications were not associated with changes in these markers. No correlation was found between peripheral levels of CRH and IL-1β (p = 0.60) in the population or in the BD with SR group (p = 0.88). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that peripheral mechanisms linking stress hormones and the immune system might be critical patterns involved in suicidal behavior associated with BD.

Prevalência e fatores associados ao transtorno da conduta entre adolescentes: um estudo de base populacional

This study proposed to estimate the prevalence of behavioral disorders and associated factors in adolescents (11-15 years), using a cross-sectional design (n = 1,145). Subjects answered a self-administered questionnaire. Behavioral disorder was assessed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The study analyzed disorders in relation to gender, age, socioeconomic status, schooling, failure in school, religion, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol consumption, drug use, depression, and bullying (as victim). Ordinal regression was used for the statistical analysis, with a hierarchical model for the outcome. An estimated 29.2% of the sample presented behavioral disorders. In the multivariate analysis, the odds ratio for a male adolescent to present one additional point on the behavioral disorder scale was 2.04 (95%CI: 1.53-2.71). Alcohol consumption, drug use, and suffering bullying were associated with higher scores on the behavioral disorder scale. The findings also showed that the factors associated with behavioral disorder showed a strong interrelationship between health behaviors in adolescence.

Sociodemographic risk factors of perinatal depression: a cohort study in the public health care system

OBJECTIVE To assess the sociodemographic risk factors for the prevalence and incidence of relevant postpartum depressive symptoms. METHOD We studied a cohort of women in their perinatal period with the assistance of the public health system in the city of Pelotas-RS, Brazil. We assessed depressive symptoms with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in the prenatal and postnatal periods. RESULTS We interviewed 1,109 women. The prevalence of meaningful depressive symptoms during pregnancy was 20.5% and postpartum was 16.5%. Women with prenatal depression were at higher risk for postpartum depression. CONCLUSION The mothers poverty level, psychiatric history, partner absence and stressful life events should be considered important risk factors for relevant postpartum depressive symptoms.