Luciano Lemos

Nodular hematopoiesis of the liver diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology

A case of tumor‐like extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) of the liver diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration cytology guided by computer tomography (CT) is reported. The initial clinical diagnosis was metastatic carcinoma from an adrenal gland primary. Five other cases of tumor‐like EMH diagnosed by FNA have been presented in the literature. In two of the cases, the primary clinical diagnosis was metastatic tumor. The most common location for tumor‐like EMH is paravertebral and intrathoracic. Three such cases of paravertebral tumor‐like EMH have been diagnosed by FNA. Nodular EMH can be found rarely in other organs as in the liver. Diagn. Cytopathol. 16:51–54, 1997.

Follicular carcinoma arising in ectopic thyroid tissue: Case report with fine‐needle aspiration findings

A 32‐yr‐old woman was found to have a 1 × 2 cm mass in the soft tissue of the neck 1 cm lateral to the left lobe of the thyroid gland. A fine‐needle aspiration biopsy showed a follicular neoplasm. The excised mass showed a follicular carcinoma arising in lateral ectopic thyroid tissue. Subsequent excision of the thyroid gland and pathological examination showed no primary carcinoma in the gland. This report illustrates a case of primary follicular carcinoma arising in a lateral ectopic thyroid tissue in the neck. Diagn. Cytopathol. 16:39–41, 1997.

Cytomorphology of Tyrosine-Rich Crystalloids in Fine Needle Aspirates of Salivary Gland Adenomas

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the presence of tyrosine-rich crystalloids (TRC) in fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens of pleomorphic adenomas of salivary gland. STUDY DESIGN FNA specimens from 12 patients were reviewed, and the percentage of cases showing TRC was established. The staining properties of the TRC were evaluated as well as spontaneous fluorescence under ultraviolet (UV) light. RESULTS Of the 12 pleomorphic adenomas, 4 showed TRC (30%) in the smears. Among the eight cytologically negative cases there were two that showed a few TRCs on histology. All positive cases were from African American patients. TRC stained weakly with Papanicolaou stain. TRC were deep blue with Diff-Quik. They fluoresced under UV light. CONCLUSION TRC could be detected in FNA specimens. They were best seen under UV light. The Papanicolaou technique stained TRC very pale, making them difficult to see. Diff-Quik stained TRC dark blue, mimicking deposits of dye. The amount of TRC in histology paralleled the detection rate in cytology.

Nodular sarcoid myositis of skeletal muscle diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy. A case report.

BACKGROUND Symptomatic striated muscle involvement in sarcoidosis is rare. Muscle biopsy is usually required for the diagnosis. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has been successfully used in diagnosing soft tissue lesions. To the best of our knowledge, FNAB of sarcoid myositis has not been reported. CASE A 31-year-old, black female with a history of sarcoidosis presented with an enlarging, painful, left calf mass. Infected thrombi were suspected. FNAB showed numerous loosely arranged epithelioid histiocytes, multinucleated giant cells and skeletal muscle cells. The overall cytologic picture was that of granulomatous myositis. The cytologic features coupled with the patients history and magnetic resonance imaging findings suggested sarcoid myositis. Subsequent muscle biopsy showing noncaseating granulomata and negative stains for organisms confirmed the diagnosis of nodular sarcoid myositis. CONCLUSION Nodular sarcoid myositis can be suggested by FNAB cytology in a patient with a past history of sarcoidosis.

Prevention of α-naphthylthiourea-induced pulmonary edema with fructose-1,6-diphosphate

Neutrophil-derived oxygen free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) has been shown to inhibit oxygen free radicals production by activated neutrophils. Thus, we investigated whether FDP would attenuate formation of pulmonary edema in anesthetized dogs injected with α -naphthylthiourea (ANTU). Hemodynamic studies involved measurements of left ventricular systolic and end-diasystolic pressures (LVSP and LVEDP), pulmonary artery pressure (PaP), heart rate (HR), and cardiac output (CO). Mean wet weight to dry weight ratios of lung tissue samples were calculated. Following baseline measurements, dogs were injected intravenously (IV) with ANTU 5 mg / kg (n = 16) and 10 mg / kg (n = 8) and half of the dogs were randomly selected to receive 75 mg / kg FDP (10%) and subsequent infusion of 7 mg / kg / min. The rest were given 0.9% NaCl in the same manner. Four hours after ANTU administration, the animals were euthanatized. Except for decline in the CO (nonsignificant), no significant changes in systemic hemodynamics within and between the groups were noted. In the FDP group, PaP and pulmonary arteriolar resistance (PaR) remained unchanged. In the saline group, PaP increased from 12.5 ± 2.44 to 21.8 ± 3.14 mm Hg (P <. 001) and PaR from 166 ± 29 to 468 ± 74 dynes · cm / sec 5 (P <. 005). During the study LVDEP, PaO 2, PaCO 2, and hematocrit did not change significantly within and between the groups. The lungs mean wet weight to dry weight ratios for the sham-operated dogs were 4.20 ± 0.41, for the FDP group 4.32 ± 0.59 and 6.22 ± 1.37 for the saline group (P <. 0005). These data indicate that FDP protected the lung from ANTU-induced injury.

Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the penis: Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with mucinous differentiation

We report a case of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder metastatic to the penis. The diagnosis was established by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Malignant cells showed mucinous differentiation. Ancillary studies carried out in the FNA material as well as in the primary bladder carcinoma suggested transitional cell carcinoma with mucinous differentiation. FNAB proved to be effective in diagnosing a secondary neoplasm to the penis. Mucoid differentiation of urothelial cells can be seen in FNAB specimens and might pose a problem in differential diagnosis.

Maintenance of prostatic function by means of exogenous sustained delivery of testosterone in castrated male rats

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of various dosages of testosterone (T) delivered in a sustained manner by means of a tricalcium phosphate-lysine (TCPL) delivery system on morphological changes of prostatic tissue using adult male rats as a model. In this experiment, adult male rats (250-300 g BW) were randomly divided into five equal groups (n=8). Rats in group I, II, and III were implanted subcutaneously with TCPL loaded with three different dosages (10, 100 and 200 mg, respectively) of T. Rats in group IV were implanted with sham TCPL capsules, and rats in group V served as intact unimplanted controls. At the end of 8 weeks post implantation, all animals were sacrificed and the prostate tissues were collected, weighted, and embedded for histo-pathological evaluations. Data collected from this study have shown that exogenous intake of T delivered in a sustained manner for eight weeks induced several pathophysiological conditions in ventral prostatic tissue in comparison to the control and sham operated groups. This phenomenon was found to be directly proportional to the dose or the level of sustained delivery. The results demonstrated that the use of 10 mg filled TCPL implants decreased the total mass weight of ventral prostate. Light microscopic evaluation of this group (Group I) revealed a cellular adaptation through an atrophy in the epithelium component. Cytopathological observations such as low cuboidal and thin glands, pleomorphism, and occasional presence of connective tissue stroma were detected. In contrast, ventral prostate collected from animals implanted with TCPL filled with 200 mg T (Group III) showed a significant increase in weights of the wet prostatic tissues in comparison to all groups. Histopathological evaluations demonstrated the following: (i) prostatic hypertrophy alone, or in conjunction with hyperplasia of the epithelial cells, (ii) less connective tissue stroma in comparison to the control group, (iii) occasional involvement of mitotic figures, and (iv) increased angiogenesis. No significant change was observed in those animals implanted with TCPL capsules containing 100 mg T compared to the intact control animals.