Luciara Bilhalva Corrêa

Características tecnológicas de pães elaborados com farelo de arroz desengordurado

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a substituicao, em diferentes niveis (5, 10 e 15%), da farinha de trigo por farelo de arroz desengordurado, sobre as caracteristicas: capacidade de absorcao de agua, perda de massa ao fornear, volume especifico, perfil texturometrico e cor da casca e do miolo dos paes. Os resultados demonstram que o farelo de arroz desengordurado nao apresentou influencia em relacao a capacidade de absorcao de agua, em contrapartida, teve forte influencia na perda do peso ao fornear, mesmo para substituicoes de 5%. No entanto, tal substituicao nao afetou o volume especifico (p>0,05). Resultado semelhante foi observado para o perfil de textura, onde substituicoes de 10 e 15% demonstraram afetar, principalmente, a dureza dos paes analisados. Para a cor, a adicao do farelo de arroz desengordurado apresentou efeito negativo para a luminosidade do miolo e da casca, principalmente em substituicoes superiores a 5% para casca e 10% para o miolo. Entretanto, a substituicao da farinha de trigo por 5% de farelo de arroz desengordurado demonstrou uso potencial para aplicacao em produtos panificaveis.

Home composting using different ratios of bulking agent to food waste

The negative environmental impacts associated with home composting may be due to the absence of a defined operation criteria for the degradation process. In addition to the potentially low environmental impact in terms of energy and water usage, which is minimal to the manufacture of the composting unit and avoiding the processing and transportation of waste or byproduct, composting at home can also promote a reduction in the emission of unpleasant gases. The proportion of the food waste and bulking agents in the composting mixture may be decisive to fulfill good practices of waste stabilization. The aim of this study was to investigate how different ratios of bulking agent and organic household waste can affect the progress and outcome of the composting process. Three treatments, varying in the ratio of rice husk: raw fruit and vegetable leftovers (70:30, 50:50, 30:70; v:v) were used in a home composting system on a pilot scale. Results show that the proportion of starting materials used in the composting mixture influenced the degradation of organic matter, nitrogen dynamics of the process and its toxicity on germinating plants. The proportions with greater amounts of food waste had higher concentrations of mineral matter, higher peak temperature, and a better initial carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, while the proportion containing 70% of bulking agent lacked odors and leachate generation and showed a low nitrogen loss. A higher proportion of food waste presented better conditions for microbiological development and less time to obtain characteristics of matured composts. A higher proportion of bulking agents resulted in favorable conditions for household handling and less potential for environmental impacts.

Phytotoxicity of effluents from swine slaughterhouses using lettuce and cucumber seeds as bioindicators

This study evaluated the phytotoxic effects of raw and treated effluents from a swine slaughterhouse on cucumber and lettuce seeds and determined correlations among physicochemical characteristics of such effluents and the germination of seeds used as bioindicators. Physicochemical parameters were characterized for both effluents and their phytotoxicity was determined through the germination index (GI), the root length (RL) and the number of germinated seeds (SG) for both plant species. The effluents treatment system was efficient to reduce the concentration of some physicochemical parameters to levels within those recommended by the Brazilian legislation, except for P, ammoniacal N and TKN concentration. Although phytotoxicity of the treated effluent was less in comparison to the raw effluent, the GI for cucumber and lettuce seeds submitted to each of the tested effluents was lower than 80%. Thus, both effluents were phytotoxic for the tested bioindicators (p<0.05). For lettuce seeds, the GI presented negative correlations (p<0.05) with the total Kjeldahl N (-0.93) and the surfactants concentration (-0.83) in the raw effluent. The Zn concentration in the treated effluent showed a negative correlation (p<0.05) with the GI of both lettuce (-0.63) and cucumber seeds (-0.64). Therefore, effluents from swine slaughterhouses may impair the germination of the evaluated plant species if used for agricultural purposes.

SOLID WASTE GENERATION IN A HOTEL EVENT SERVICE

The large influx of tourists worldwide as well as the expansion of tourism events increase the environmental impact caused by hotel services. The aims of this work were to characterize the solid waste generated by hotel sectors, and to compare that waste generation between different events organized in the enterprise. The data collection was performed using qualitative and quantitative characterizations, where the waste generation in each sector and the type of event organized, were registered. The results showed that most residues were found in the kitchen, bathrooms, rooms, and at the event hall, with higher values being generated in the festive events. The waste generation by these events corresponded to 48 % of the total generated in the lodging, while 8 % corresponded to the business events. The difference between the characterization of waste generated in festive events and that of business events, along with no occurrence of event at all, showed that it could be attributed to the increase in the per capita generation of categories of waste, primarily glass. The results obtained in this study are essential to the creation and/or improvement of a management plan of solid waste in lodging facilities.

Índices de precipitação extrema para os períodos atual (1961-1990) e futuro (2011-2100) na bacia do Rio Taquari-Antas, RS

A regiao da Bacia do Rio Taquari-Antas eventualmente sofre com extremosclimaticos como estiagens e precipitacoes extremas. Este trabalho objetivoucomparar indices de precipitacao extrema entre o periodo atual (1961-1990)e os futuros (2011-2040, 2041-2070 e 2071-2100) por meio de projecoesde precipitacao anual para tres pontos na bacia, obtidas de modelos decirculacao global (MCGs) e regional (MCR), referentes ao cenario climaticoA1B do Quarto Relatorio de Avaliacao do Painel Intergovernamental sobreMudancas Climaticas (IPCC). Para cada ponto foram consideradas dezprojecoes climaticas diferentes geradas pelos modelos. Tendencias maisexpressivas nos indices analisados foram identificadas nos MCRs. Segundo osindices obtidos, a regiao podera ser afetada com o aumento de eventosextremos de precipitacao, principalmente pelo acrescimo de precipitacaototal anual, que pode ser verificado pelo aumento de dias no indice R30mme pela maior concentracao nos indices R95p e R99p. Tais alteracoes podeminfluenciar os setores economico, ambiental e social da regiao.

RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS NA REDE DE MICRODRENAGEM – UMA ANÁLISE QUALITATIVA NA CIDADE DE PELOTAS/RS

The Basic Sanitation at Brazil, according to the law no 11.445/2007, includes about four aspects, the Supply of Potable Water, the Collection and the Treatment of Sewage, the Urban Cleaning and the Solid Waste Management, the Drainage and the Rainwater Management. The urban drainage and the solid waste management are of extreme relevance to the factors related to the present work, which aims to characterize so qualitative the solid waste found in micro-drainage network in the City of Pelotas – RS. The research was made at the period from August to October 2014 proposed to identify the main solid waste by means of photographic analysis checked in 11 different points at the micro-drainage network. The analysis made in micro-drainage network characterized a frequency of 100% of Plastic type 1, Wood and Organic Matter and the solid waste of least incidence were Rubber (27,27%) and Chemical Contaminants (9,09%).

Gestão de Resíduos Eletrônicos: Estudo de Caso em uma Organização Militar de São Gabriel/RS

Quando gerenciados de forma inadequada, os residuos provenientes de servicos de saude impactam negativamente o ambiente, causando riscos a saude publica e degradacao ambiental, devido suas caracteristicas fisicas, quimicas e patogenicas. Com base na legislacao vigente, analisou-se o processo de gestao dos residuos de servicos de saude (RSS) em uma Unidade Basica de Saude (UBS) vinculada a uma Instituicao de Ensino Superior (IES), visando fornecer ferramentas tecnicas para proposicao de um Plano de Gerenciamento de Residuos de Servicos de Saude (PGRSS). Por tratar-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, empregou-se como instrumento de coleta de dados a observacao participante, buscando mostrar a realidade percebida e, principalmente explicitar nao conformidades observadas durante as etapas do gerenciamento dos RSS (segregacao, acondicionamento, coleta interna, transporte, armazenamento e coleta externa). Para tanto, utilizou-se a metodologia estabelecida pela ANVISA (2006), a qual e baseada em uma ordem de prioridades distribuidas atraves de uma organizacao das etapas de trabalho. Ao final do estudo, foi possivel constatar irregularidades na UBS em relacao ao manejo dos RSS. Nessa perspectiva, recomenda-se a elaboracao, implantacao e monitoramento de um PGRSS, fundamentado na resolucao preconizada pela legislacao vigente.

A INFORMAÇÃO COMO INSTRUMENTO DE EFICIÊNCIA PARA O PROGRAMA DE COLETA SELETIVA NOS BAIRROS DE UMA CIDADE NO SUL DO BRASIL

Desde 2010, com a promulgacao da Politica Nacional de Residuos Solidos (PNRS) e exigido que os municipios possuam um Programa de Coleta Seletiva (PCS), com intuito de recolha de materiais passiveis de reciclagem . Nesse cenario, o objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar os aspectos informativos que determinam a eficiencia de um programa de coleta seletiva junto a populacao residente nos bairros da cidade de Pelotas-RS. A metodologia utilizada foi de questionario s aplicados a populacao residente nos bairros do municipio em questao , totalizando um total de 382 de populac ao amostrada. Foi averiguado que 90,67 % dos entrevistados afirmaram ter conhecimento sobre a diferenciacao dos residuos orgânico e reciclavel , 73,67 % segregam os residuos em suas residencias e 91,25% conhecem o PCS. O estudo permitiu concluir que independente do grau de escolaridade dos entrevistados, nem sempre a coleta seletiva e executada, visto que nao ha conhecimento do acompanhamento dos residuos apos o encaminhamento destes a coleta municipal.

Staphylococcus xylosus fermentation of pork fatty waste: raw material for biodiesel production

The need for cleaner sources of energy has stirred research into utilising alternate fuel sources with favourable emission and sustainability such as biodiesel. However, there are technical constraints that hinder the widespread use of some of the low cost raw materials such as pork fatty wastes. Currently available technology permits the use of lipolytic microorganisms to sustainably produce energy from fat sources; and several microorganisms and their metabolites are being investigated as potential energy sources. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterise the process of Staphylococcus xylosus mediated fermentation of pork fatty waste. We also wanted to explore the possibility of fermentation effecting a modification in the lipid carbon chain to reduce its melting point and thereby act directly on one of the main technical barriers to obtaining biodiesel from this abundant source of lipids. Pork fatty waste was obtained from slaughterhouses in southern Brazil during evisceration of the carcasses and the kidney casing of slaughtered animals was used as feedstock. Fermentation was performed in BHI broth with different concentrations of fatty waste and for different time periods which enabled evaluation of the effect of fermentation time on the melting point of swine fat. The lowest melting point was observed around 46 °C, indicating that these chemical and biological reactions can occur under milder conditions, and that such pre-treatment may further facilitate production of biodiesel from fatty animal waste.

Estudo do plano de gerenciamento integrado de resíduos sólidos do município de Cotiporã - RS

O crescimento urbano desordenado tem causado uma serie de impactos ambientais e preocupacoes por parte da populacao e seus gestores. Assim, o desafio da sustentabilidade urbana passou a ocupar um papel de destaque dentre os eixos estrategicos nos orgaos ambientais do pais. Buscando minimizar os impactos ambientais, sociais, economicos e transformar o cenario ambiental atual, a Lei 12.305/10 que institui a Politica Nacional de Residuos Solidos (PNRS), estabelece a obrigatoriedade de elaboracao de Planos Municipais de Gerenciamento Integrado de Residuos Solidos (PMGIRS). A fim de adequar-se a legislacao, o Municipio de Cotipora/RS elaborou seu PMGIRS no ano de 2012, e a partir dele que realizamos um estudo tecnico e bibliografico, propiciando uma analise a fim de estabelecer um melhor andamento das metas e acoes realizadas no cumprimento do Plano. Realizou-se pesquisa documental do PMGIRS e diagnostico in loco da situacao atual do manejo dos Residuos Solidos, apos a implantacao do Plano. E possivel constatar que a administracao publica vem empenhando esforcos no cumprimento do plano, tanto do ponto de vista organizacional, planejamento e na conducao das acoes e metas nas etapas do manejo dos residuos. As recomendacoes tecnicas propostas poderao ser revistas na continuidade da implementacao do PMGlRS e incorporadas as acoes que ja vem sendo realizadas, propiciando melhoria continua, atualizacao e adequacao do Plano.