Luis Paulo Gomes Mascarenhas

Independent association of clustered metabolic risk factors with cardiorespiratory fitness in youth aged 11-17 years.

Abstract Background: Although the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has increased in youth, the potential independent contribution of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to the clustering of metabolic risk factors has received relatively little attention. Aim: This study evaluated associations between the clustering of metabolic risk factors and CRF in a sample of youth. Subjects and methods: Height, weight, BMI, fasting glucose, insulin, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressures were measured in a cross-sectional sample of 924 youth (402 males, 522 females) of 11–17 years. CRF was assessed using the 20-metre shuttle run test. Physical activity (PA) was measured with a 3-day diary. Outcome variables were statistically normalized and expressed as Z-scores. A MetS risk score was computed as the mean of the Z-scores. Multiple linear regression was used to test associations between CRF and metabolic risk, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, PA and parental education. Results: CRF was inversely associated with MetS after adjustment for potential confounders. After adjusting for BMI, the relationship between CRF and metabolic risk has substantially improved. Conclusion: CRF was independently associated with the clustering of metabolic risk factors in youth of 11–17 years of age.

Variations in the Vitamin D-Binding Protein (DBP) Gene Are Related to Lower 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Healthy Girls: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background/Aims: Vitamin D deficiency has been recognized as a worldwide epidemic affecting several pediatric and adolescent populations. We determined the genotype and haplotype distribution of the rs4588 and rs7041 polymorphisms of the GC gene encoding vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) and investigated the associations between these gene variants and their haplotypes with 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in girls from South Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study including 198 apparently healthy girls aged 10-18 years. Plasma levels of 25(OH)D were assessed by radioimmunoassay. Participants were genotyped for rs4588 and rs7041 by real-time PCR, with allelic discrimination assays. Results: Mean chronological age and BMI percentile were 13.17 ± 1.74 years and 57.81 ± 29.03, respectively. Sufficient circulating 25(OH)D levels (≥30 ng/ml) were found in 9.1% of the overall group, insufficient levels (20-29.9 ng/ml) in 59.6%, and deficient levels (<20 ng/ml) in 31.3%. The AA genotype of rs4588, TT genotype of rs7041 and CT-AT/AT-AT (GC 1f-2/2-2) diplotypes were significantly associated with lower 25(OH)D levels, even after adjustment for age and season at the time of blood collection. Conclusions: The GC gene genotype may be related to the susceptibility to low 25(OH)D levels in female children and adolescents.

Variability of lipid and lipoprotein concentrations during puberty in Brazilian boys.

Abstract Background: Evaluation of lipid profile in children and adolescents is important for early diagnosis of dyslipidemias. Physiological changes might be observed in the concentration of the lipid profile components, according to the stage of sexual maturation. Objective: To evaluate the variation in lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in boys during puberty. Methods: The sample consisted of 570 male adolescents with ages between 10 and 17 years. Weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) were determined by the enzymatic method, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated. Puberty was classified according to Tanner references. The percentile criterion was adopted for the distribution and identification of lipoprotein levels. The analysis of variance and description tests with p<0.05 was applied. Results: Participants had similar BMI z-score and physical activity habits in all groups. A significant reduction in TC and HDL-C concentrations between the start and end of puberty was observed. LDL-C levels rose during stage 3 of development, decreasing at the end of the pubertal process. TG levels did not change significantly with pubertal status. Conclusion: Lipid and lipoprotein concentrations tend to undergo changes during puberty in boys. The use of percentile values can be very useful to track variations in lipid and lipoprotein levels during the maturation process.

Grau de concordância do IMC e do IAC com percentual de gordura corporal

OBJETIVO: Verificar qual metodo indireto apresenta maior concordância e eficacia na identificacao de excesso de gordura corporal: o Indice de Massa Corporal (IMC) ou o Indice de Adiposidade Corporal (IAC). METODOS: A amostra foi constituida de 20 voluntarios, com idades entre 19 e 49 anos. O nivel de atividade fisica foi avaliado pelo IPAQ. Foram aferidos o percentual de gordura corporal atraves de Dobras Cutâneas, peso e altura para o calculo do IMC e circunferencia do quadril para o calculo do IAC. Para analise dos dados foi o metodo de Bland Altman com nivel de significância p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que o IMC teve uma correlacao inexistente com percentual de gordura (r=-0,027, p=0,907) e, em contrapartida, o IAC apresentou uma forte correlacao com o percentual de gordura (r=0,816, p<0,001). E valido ressaltar que quando confrontado o IMC e o IAC obteve-se uma correlacao fraca (r=0,408, p=0,073). CONCLUSOES: O IAC apresentou forte relacao com a gordura corporal, podendo ser um indicador aplicavel.

Comparação da aptidão física relacionada à saúde e a prática esportiva em crianças

This study aimed to compare the level of physical fitness related to health and the sports practice in children. A total of 468 children (8 to 10 years) were evaluated. The physical fitness tests followed PROESP-BR standards; Anthropometric measurements of body mass and height were performed to determine body mass index (BMI). Student’s t-test was applied in the comparative between the genders and the chi-square test to determine differentiation in the percentage of classification, with significance level established in (p<0.05). There were significant differences in body mass, BMI, abdominal resistance, lower limb strength, upper limb strength and cardiorespiratory fitness, with boys presented better results than girls, only in flexibility girls overcome boys. The chi-square test did not present differences in the obtained classifications. Boys presented better results when compared to girls at physical fitness, as much related to the health as the sport practice.

Resistance exercise alone improves muscle strength in growth hormone deficient males in the transition phase.

Abstract Background During the transition phase (TP), patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) exhibit decreased muscle strength. Studies assessing the effects of resistance exercise alone on muscle strength in these individuals are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a program of resistance exercise (PRE) on parameters of muscle strength in subjects in the TP and with childhood-onset GHD treated with recombinant GH (rGH). Methods Sixteen male patients were enrolled and divided into two groups: GHD (n=9) and GH sufficiency (GHS, n=7). Patients with GHD underwent a 12-week PRE followed by another 12-week PRE plus rGH, while GHS patients underwent a 12-week PRE alone. Dynamic knee muscle strength was evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer. Results Before PRE, there were significant differences between the groups regarding the results of flexor peak torque (FPT) normalized to body weight (BW-FPT) in the dominant (DO, p=0.008) and non-dominant (ND, p=0.01) limbs, and in the agonist/antagonist (A/A) ratio in the DO (p=0.02) and ND (p=0.006) limbs. After PRE in the GHD group, values of FPT and BW-FPT in both limbs increased significantly (p<0.001) and independently of rGH, while the A/A ratio value improved significantly (p<0.001) in the ND limb. Conclusions A short period of PRE alone was sufficient to improve parameters of muscle strength in young male adults with childhood-onset GHD.

Comportamento da frequência cardíaca em diferentes ergômetrosdoi

O presente estudo objetivou-se em investigar o comportamento da FC cardiaca para o mesmo esforco percebido em diferentes ergometros. A amostra foi constituida por 15 participantes regularmente ativos, sendo oito homens e sete mulheres com media de idade de 36,1±11,2 anos. Para caracterizacao da amostra foi avaliado a massa corporal e a estatura para obtencao do indice de massa corporal (IMC). Os ergometros utilizados para a realizacao dos testes foram uma esteira, um elliptical e uma Bicicleta ergometrica. A FC foi controlada atraves de monitores r e a intensidade de esforco percebido por Escalas de percepcao subjetiva de esforca, OMNI-walk/run; OMNI-cycle e OMNI-elliptica. Para analise dos dados, verificou-se a normalidade da distribuicao dos valores por meio do Teste de Shapiro-Wilk. Para a descricao dos resultados foi utilizada estatistica descritiva com media e desvio-padrao. As comparacoes dos valores descritivos dos tres ergometros foram realizadas pela ANOVA de medidas independentes seguido do post-hoc de Tukey. Pode-se observar diferenca significativa entre a esteira para o elliptical (p>0,05), entre a esteira para o ciclo ergometro (p>0,05), e entre o elliptical para o ciclo ergometro (p>0,05). Se pode concluir que existem diferencas significativas no comportamento da FC nos diferentes ergometros estudados.

EFEITO AGUDO DOS EXERCÍCIOS INTERMITENTES SOBRE A GLICEMIA DE ADOLESCENTES COM DIABETES TIPO 1

Introduccion: El ejercicio es un factor importante en el control de la diabetes. Objetivo: Investigar el efecto agudo de ejercicio intermitente en la glucemia y la oxidacion de sustratos energeticos en adolescentes con diabetes tipo 1. Metodos: Se estudiaron 10 adolescentes diabeticos de 10 a 15 anos. Se evaluaron las medidas antropometricas, la hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c), el VO2max, y la prueba de ejercicio intermitente. En esta prueba, los individuos permanecieron pedaleando durante 30 minutos en un cicloergometro con carga del 60% del VO2max, intercalados con piques de maxima intensidad de 10 segundos cada 5 minutos. Se evaluaron sustratos energeticos durante la prueba y la glucemia capilar fue medida antes, inmediatamente despues del ejercicio y 30 minutos mas tarde. Se observo una reduccion promedio de la glucemia de 39,2 ± 41,92 mg/dl, es decir, promedio de 21,61% sobre la glucemia inicial. Hubo una diferencia significativa (0,0001) entre los sustratos energeticos oxidados, predominando el uso de CHO. Hay una fuerte correlacion directa entre la HbA1c y el IMC puntuacion z (r = 0,821, p = 0,004) y entre HbA1c y glucosa observadas despues del ejercicio (r = 0,702, p = 0,024) y tambien hay una fuerte correlacion entre los niveles de glucosa pre-ejercicio y post-ejercicio (r = 0,851, p = 0,002) y post-ejercicio y 30 minutos despues del ejercicio (r = 0,874, p = 0,001). La prueba de regresion lineal mostro que el IMC puntuacion z explica el 67% de los valores de HbA1c (R² = 0,675). Resultados: De acuerdo con los resultados observados, 30 minutos de ejercicio aerobico intermitente intercalado con piques cortos de 10 segundos promueven una reduccion promedio del 21% de glucemia, con una tendencia al aumento en la fase de recuperacion. El sustrato energetico predominante en la actividad son los carbohidratos (CHO). Conclusion: Cuanto mejor sea la puntuacion z del IMC de los adolescentes, mejor control de la glucemia se puede esperar en adolescentes con diabetes tipo 1.

EFECTO AGUDO DE EJERCICIOS INTERMITENTES SOBRE LA GLUCEMIA EN ADOLESCENTES CON DIABETES TIPO 1

Introduccion: El ejercicio es un factor importante en el control de la diabetes. Objetivo: Investigar el efecto agudo de ejercicio intermitente en la glucemia y la oxidacion de sustratos energeticos en adolescentes con diabetes tipo 1. Metodos: Se estudiaron 10 adolescentes diabeticos de 10 a 15 anos. Se evaluaron las medidas antropometricas, la hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c), el VO2max, y la prueba de ejercicio intermitente. En esta prueba, los individuos permanecieron pedaleando durante 30 minutos en un cicloergometro con carga del 60% del VO2max, intercalados con piques de maxima intensidad de 10 segundos cada 5 minutos. Se evaluaron sustratos energeticos durante la prueba y la glucemia capilar fue medida antes, inmediatamente despues del ejercicio y 30 minutos mas tarde. Se observo una reduccion promedio de la glucemia de 39,2 ± 41,92 mg/dl, es decir, promedio de 21,61% sobre la glucemia inicial. Hubo una diferencia significativa (0,0001) entre los sustratos energeticos oxidados, predominando el uso de CHO. Hay una fuerte correlacion directa entre la HbA1c y el IMC puntuacion z (r = 0,821, p = 0,004) y entre HbA1c y glucosa observadas despues del ejercicio (r = 0,702, p = 0,024) y tambien hay una fuerte correlacion entre los niveles de glucosa pre-ejercicio y post-ejercicio (r = 0,851, p = 0,002) y post-ejercicio y 30 minutos despues del ejercicio (r = 0,874, p = 0,001). La prueba de regresion lineal mostro que el IMC puntuacion z explica el 67% de los valores de HbA1c (R² = 0,675). Resultados: De acuerdo con los resultados observados, 30 minutos de ejercicio aerobico intermitente intercalado con piques cortos de 10 segundos promueven una reduccion promedio del 21% de glucemia, con una tendencia al aumento en la fase de recuperacion. El sustrato energetico predominante en la actividad son los carbohidratos (CHO). Conclusion: Cuanto mejor sea la puntuacion z del IMC de los adolescentes, mejor control de la glucemia se puede esperar en adolescentes con diabetes tipo 1.

ACUTE EFFECT OF INTERMITTENT EXERCISE ON BLOOD GLUCOSE OF ADOLESCENTS WITH DIABETES TYPE 1

Introduccion: El ejercicio es un factor importante en el control de la diabetes. Objetivo: Investigar el efecto agudo de ejercicio intermitente en la glucemia y la oxidacion de sustratos energeticos en adolescentes con diabetes tipo 1. Metodos: Se estudiaron 10 adolescentes diabeticos de 10 a 15 anos. Se evaluaron las medidas antropometricas, la hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c), el VO2max, y la prueba de ejercicio intermitente. En esta prueba, los individuos permanecieron pedaleando durante 30 minutos en un cicloergometro con carga del 60% del VO2max, intercalados con piques de maxima intensidad de 10 segundos cada 5 minutos. Se evaluaron sustratos energeticos durante la prueba y la glucemia capilar fue medida antes, inmediatamente despues del ejercicio y 30 minutos mas tarde. Se observo una reduccion promedio de la glucemia de 39,2 ± 41,92 mg/dl, es decir, promedio de 21,61% sobre la glucemia inicial. Hubo una diferencia significativa (0,0001) entre los sustratos energeticos oxidados, predominando el uso de CHO. Hay una fuerte correlacion directa entre la HbA1c y el IMC puntuacion z (r = 0,821, p = 0,004) y entre HbA1c y glucosa observadas despues del ejercicio (r = 0,702, p = 0,024) y tambien hay una fuerte correlacion entre los niveles de glucosa pre-ejercicio y post-ejercicio (r = 0,851, p = 0,002) y post-ejercicio y 30 minutos despues del ejercicio (r = 0,874, p = 0,001). La prueba de regresion lineal mostro que el IMC puntuacion z explica el 67% de los valores de HbA1c (R² = 0,675). Resultados: De acuerdo con los resultados observados, 30 minutos de ejercicio aerobico intermitente intercalado con piques cortos de 10 segundos promueven una reduccion promedio del 21% de glucemia, con una tendencia al aumento en la fase de recuperacion. El sustrato energetico predominante en la actividad son los carbohidratos (CHO). Conclusion: Cuanto mejor sea la puntuacion z del IMC de los adolescentes, mejor control de la glucemia se puede esperar en adolescentes con diabetes tipo 1.