Wagner de Campos

Association between physical activity and quality of life in the elderly: a systematic review, 2000-2012

OBJECTIVE To review information regarding the association of physical activity (PA) with quality of life (QoL) in the elderly and to identify the study designs and measurement instruments most commonly used in its assessment, in the period 2000-2012. METHODS Relevant articles were identified by a search of four electronic databases and cross-reference lists and by contact with the authors of the included manuscripts. Original studies on the association between PA and QoL in individuals aged 60 years or older were examined. The quality of studies as well as the direction and the consistency of the association between PA and QoL were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 10,019 articles were identified as potentially relevant, but only 42 (0.42%) met the inclusion criteria and were retrieved and examined. Most studies demonstrated a positive association between PA and QoL in the elderly. PA had a consistent association with the following QoL domains: functional capacity; general QoL; autonomy; past, present and future activities; death and dying; intimacy; mental health; vitality; and psychological. CONCLUSION PA was positively and consistently associated with some QoL domains among older individuals, supporting the notion that promoting PA in the elderly may have an impact beyond physical health. However, the associations between PA and other QoL domains were moderate to inconsistent and require further investigation.

Prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use among Brazilian adolescents: a systematic review

OBJECTIVE To analyze alcohol and tobacco use among Brazilian adolescents and identify higher-risk subgroups. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Searches were performed using four databases (LILACS, MEDLINE /PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar), specialized websites and the references cited in retrieved articles. The search was done in English and Portuguese and there was no limit on the year of publication (up to June 2011). From the search, 59 studies met all the inclusion criteria: to involve Brazilian adolescents aged 10-19 years; to assess the prevalence of alcohol and/or tobacco use; to use questionnaires or structured interviews to measure the variables of interest; and to be a school or population-based study that used methodological procedures to ensure representativeness of the target population (i.e. random sampling). RESULTS The prevalence of current alcohol use (at the time of the investigation or in the previous month) ranged from 23.0% to 67.7%. The mean prevalence was 34.9% (reflecting the central trend of the estimates found in the studies). The prevalence of current tobacco use ranged from 2.4% to 22.0%, and the mean prevalence was 9.3%. A large proportion of the studies estimated prevalences of frequent alcohol use (66.7%) and heavy alcohol use (36.8%) of more than 10%. However, most studies found prevalences of frequent and heavy tobacco use of less than 10%. The Brazilian literature has highlighted that environmental factors (religiosity, working conditions, and substance use among family and friends) and psychosocial factors (such as conflicts with parents and feelings of negativeness and loneliness) are associated with the tobacco and alcohol use among adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that consumption of alcohol and tobacco among adolescents has reached alarming prevalences in various localities in Brazil. Since unhealthy behavior tends to continue from adolescence into adulthood, public policies aimed towards reducing alcohol and tobacco use among Brazilians over the medium and long terms may direct young people and the subgroups at higher risk towards such behavior.OBJETIVO: Analisar o uso de alcool e tabaco em adolescentes brasileiros e identificar os subgrupos de maior risco. METODOS: Foi realizada revisao sistematica da literatura. A busca dos artigos foi feita em quatro bases de dados (LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science e Google Scholar), websites especializados e referencias dos artigos selecionados. Foram selecionadas referencias em ingles e portugues, sem limites para ano de publicacao (ate junho de 2011), das quais foram incluidos 59 artigos que atenderam aos criterios de inclusao: envolver adolescentes brasileiros de dez a 19 anos de idade; avaliar a prevalencia do uso de alcool e/ou de tabaco; usar questionarios ou entrevistas estruturadas para mensurar as variaveis de interesse; ser um estudo populacional ou de base escolar que adotou procedimentos metodologicos para garantir a representatividade da populacao alvo (isto e, amostra aleatoria). RESULTADOS: A prevalencia de uso atual de alcool (uso na epoca da pesquisa ou no mes anterior) variou de 23,0% a 67,7%. A prevalencia media (refletindo uma tendencia central das estimativas encontradas nos estudos) de uso atual de alcool foi de 34,9%. A prevalencia de uso atual de tabaco variou de 2,4% a 22,0%, com uma prevalencia media de 9,3%. Grande parte dos estudos estimou prevalencias superiores a 10% para o uso frequente (66,7%) e pesado (36,8%) de alcool; a maioria deles estimou prevalencias menores de 10% para o uso frequente e pesado de tabaco. A literatura nacional tem destacado a associacao de fatores ambientais (religiosidade, condicao de trabalho e uso de substâncias entre os amigos e parentes) e psicossociais (como conflitos com pais e sentimentos negativos e de solidao) com o uso de alcool e tabaco entre os adolescentes. CONCLUSOES: Os resultados sugerem que o consumo de alcool e tabaco entre adolescentes tem atingido alarmantes prevalencias em varias localidades do Brasil. Como habitos nao saudaveis tendem a continuar da adolescencia ate a vida adulta, politicas publicas que visam a reducao do uso de alcool e de tabaco na populacao brasileira a medio e longo prazos podem direcionar a populacao jovem e os subgrupos de maior risco a esses comportamentos.

Psychophysiological Responses to Self-Paced Treadmill and Overground Exercise

UNLABELLED Speculation exists that a positive affective response experienced during exercise may play an important role in predicting exercise adherence. Previous studies using self-paced exercise protocols have been associated with health benefits and pleasant experiences. However, all of these studies were conducted in laboratories, and consequently, the external validity of the findings may be questionable. PURPOSE To determine whether environmental settings (treadmill vs overground) differentially influence physiological, perceptual, and affective responses to exercise at a self-selected pace. METHODS Thirty-four individuals (17 men and 17 women) between 18 and 30 yr volunteered to participate in this study. During the orientation session, individuals underwent an initial screening, anthropometric measurements, and familiarization with the experimental procedures. Next, subjects underwent a maximal treadmill test. In the two experimental trials, participants performed 20-min bouts of treadmill and overground walking at a self-selected pace, which were completed in a counterbalanced order. At least 48 h separated experimental trials. RESULTS Using repeated-measures ANOVA, overground walking speed was significantly faster than treadmill walking speed (P < 0.01) during the 20-min bout of self-paced exercise. However, exercise intensity (%VO2R and %HRR) and perceived exertion during the session of overground walking were significantly lower (P < 0.05) when compared with those during the treadmill session. In addition, affective valence was more positive during the session of overground walking than during the treadmill session (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These data extend previous findings by showing that environmental setting influences physiological, perceptual, and affective responses during exercise at a self-selected pace. Self-paced exercise performed over ground resulted in lower perceptual and more positive affective responses.

Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and metabolic syndrome in adolescents: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundIn adults, there is a substantial body of evidence that physical inactivity or low cardiorespiratory fitness levels are strongly associated with the development of metabolic syndrome. Although this association has been studied extensively in adults, little is known regarding this association in adolescents. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness levels with metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adolescents.MethodsA random sample of 223 girls (mean age, 14.4 ± 1.6 years) and 233 boys (mean age, 14.6 ± 1.6 years) was selected for the study. The level of physical activity was determined by the Bouchard three-day physical activity record. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated by the Leger 20-meter shuttle run test. The metabolic syndrome components assessed included waist circumference, blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting plasma glucose levels. Independent Student t-tests were used to assess gender differences. The associations between physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness with the presence of metabolic syndrome were calculated using logistic regression models adjusted for age and gender.ResultsA high prevalence of metabolic syndrome was observed in inactive adolescents (males, 11.4%; females, 7.2%) and adolescents with low cardiorespiratory fitness levels (males, 13.9%; females, 8.6%). A significant relationship existed between metabolic syndrome and low cardiorespiratory fitness (OR, 3.0 [1.13-7.94]).ConclusionThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome is high among adolescents who are inactive and those with low cardiorespiratory fitness. Prevention strategies for metabolic syndrome should concentrate on enhancing fitness levels early in life.

Estado nutricional e consumo alimentar de adolescentes da rede pública de ensino da cidade de São Mateus do Sul, Paraná, Brasil

OBJECTIVES: to characterize the nutritional status and dietary intake of adolescents attending public schools in the city of Sao Mateus do Sul, in the State of Parana, Brazil. METHODS: the Body Mass Index was calculated and classified as proposed by the World Health Organization. Dietary intake was calculated using the Survey of Consumer Food Frequency. Analysis was carried out using descriptive and frequency analysis, and Students t test with p<0.05. RESULTS: most individuals presented a normal nutritional status (84% being eutrophic, 12% overweight/obese and 4% underweight). The diet was characterized by adequate energy intake, with a distribution of nutrients in accordance with recommendations and higher in boys than in girls. Ninety percent of the adolescents had an excessive intake of fatty acids. There was adequate intake of vitamin C (287 mg and 328 mg for boys and girls respectively) and iron (27 and 21 mg respectively). The consumption of iron differed significantly between the genders (t=3.765; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: the abnormalities found in dietary intake demonstrate the need for better understanding and evaluation of the type of food offered to students, as a way of developing strategies for intervention both within and outside of schools, and of helping prevent health problems related to nutrition.

IMAGERY INTERVENTION IN OPEN AND CLOSED TENNIS MOTOR SKILL PERFORMANCE

To assess use of imagery intervention in performance of two tennis motor skills the quasi-experimental design included a pre- and posttest and a control group. The tennis service shot and service receiving skill were selected as representative of open and closed skills, respectively. 48 subjects, male tennis players, whose ages ranged from 16 to 18 yr. (M = 17.2), were divided into two groups: (1) Technical practice only which was used as control group and (2) Imagery group who received both imagery and technical practice. Analysis of covariance showed a significant main effect for the imagery intervention on the closed skill (p = .002). Findings suggest that imaging a positive outcome may be more powerful in improving performance of closed skill movements than of open skill movements.

Epidemiology of physical inactivity, sedentary behaviors, and unhealthy eating habits among brazilian adolescents a systematic review

This systematic review analyzed the prevalence of physical inactivity, sedentary behaviors and unhealthy eating habits among Brazilian adolescents. Searches were conducted in five databases (Lilacs, SciELO, Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) and in the references cited in the articles retrieved. The literature search yielded 5,872 potentially relevant titles and a total of 69 studies met all the inclusion criteria. The risk behavior most often evaluated was physical inactivity (48/69; 69.6%), and its prevalence rate ranged from 2.3% to 93.5%. Twenty-eight studies estimated the prevalence of physical inactivity at over 50%. Most studies observed the prevalence of greater physical inactivity among girls. The prevalence of sedentary behaviors (lengthy screen time or TV use) was also frequently over 50%. Several variables were used to identify unhealthy eating habits, and some criteria/studies have indicated unhealthy eating habit estimates at close to 100% among adolescents. In conclusion, the estimates of these risk behaviors among Brazilians adolescents were very close to or even greater than those found in developed countries in several studies analyzed in this review.

The influence of adiposity on physiological, perceptual, and affective responses during walking at a self-selected pace.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of adiposity (%body fat) on physiological, perceptual, and affective responses during walking. 45 women were divided into low, medium, and high tertiles according to %body fat. Each participant completed a maximal exercise test and a 20-min. bout of walking at a self-selected pace. The preferred walking speed was similar among groups, whereas %VO2 max was greater in the high fertile group compared with the other two groups. Nevertheless, perceptual and affective responses were similar between the groups. These findings suggest that physiological responses relative to maximal capacity, but not perceptual and affective responses, of sedentary women are influenced by adiposity during walking at a self-selected pace. However, when the physiological responses are relative to ventilatory threshold, there are no differences between individuals with different levels of adiposity.

Fatores de risco cardiovascular em adolescentes com diferentes níveis de gasto energético

BACKGROUND Physical inactivity in adolescence is related to body fat accumulation, which apparently can increase the probability of onset and development of metabolic changes. OBJECTIVE To verify the predisposition to cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents with different levels of energy expenditure. METHODS A total of 108 young men and 132 young women aged between 12 and 16 years were selected. Daily energy expenditure was obtained using the questionnaire proposed by Bouchard et al. The sample was previously divided according to the quartiles of energy expenditure (Kcal/kg/day) into three groups: sedentary (SG), moderately active (MG), and active (AG). The enzyme-colorimetric method was used to determine the total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, and triglycerides (TG) levels. LDL-C was calculated using the Friedewald et als formula. The one-factor analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis, considering p<0.05. RESULTS For the male gender, significant differences were found between the groups for the TC variable (mg/dl); AG (121.56+/-19.15) was different from MG (142.70+/-27.65) and from SG (145.63+/-36.54). Likewise, MG was different from SG (F=3.70 and p=0.03). For the TG variable (mg/dl), AG (65.69+/-18.95) was different from MG (82.25+/-33.73) and from SG (97.44+/-45.95). Also, MG was different from SG (F=3.40 and p=0.04). For the female gender, no significant differences were found in relation to daily energy expenditure. CONCLUSION More active young men show lower TC and TG levels in comparison with their moderately active and sedentary peers.

Condições de saúde e variáveis sociodemográficas associadas à qualidade de vida em idosas de um programa de atividade física de Curitiba, Paraná, Sul do Brasil

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a associacao entre variaveis sociodemograficas e condicoes de saude com os dominios da qualidade de vida em idosas participantes do programa Idoso em Movimento. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 1.806 idosas, que foram avaliadas por meio de entrevista para os potenciais correlatos de qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-BREF e WHOQOL-OLD). O indice de massa corporal foi calculado apos afericao do peso e da estatura. Os dominios da qualidade de vida foram classificados em tercis. Para analise dos dados, foi utilizada a regressao logistica ordinal. Apos ajustes para variaveis de confusao, a faixa etaria, classe economica, escolaridade, situacao ocupacional e estado civil estiveram associados a alguns dominios da qualidade de vida (p < 0,05). Alem disso, idosas obesas ou com problemas de saude apresentaram menor razao de chance de estar nos escores mais elevados de qualidade de vida, e as idosas que usavam um ou dois medicamentos apresentaram maior razao de chance de estar nos escores mais elevados do dominio fisico. Como conclusao, os fatores sociodemograficos e as condicoes de saude estao associados com a qualidade de vida em idosas.