Luiz Alberto Esteves

THE EVOLUTION OF A METHODOLOGY FOR RELEVANT MARKET DEFINITION: AN ANALYSIS OF CADE'S JURISPRUDENCE ON PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATIONAL MARKETS

The implementation of antitrust legislation implies the delimitation of the smaller space in which any excessive market power could be exercised: the “relevant market”. Since 2007 a wave of mergers and acquisitions in the private higher educational market has placed a challenge upon Brazilian antitrust agency (CADE). Several methodologies to accurately define the relevant market have been used, also differentiating presence from distance education markets. This paper aims to structure the evolution of CADE’s methodologies for relevant market definition in the private higher educational segment, exposing their limitations and advances. Through a qualitative analysis of votes and technical documents regarding all higher educational cases analyzed by CADE (until May/2014), we found that the methodologies are becoming increasingly more pragmatic and quantitative, departing from a former “reasonability” approach towards a statistical method, in order to cope with newer levels of complexity in the private higher educational market.

Criação, destruição e realocação de empregos em países selecionados: uma meta-análise

This paper uses meta-analysis to investigate job flows among 62 studies for 35 countries for the 1963-2007 period. The article presents the stylized facts of the literature and provides the following empirical results: 1) the industrial sector destroys more jobs and creates fewer jobs than the rest of the economy; 2) the labor markets became less flexible over time, with larger job flows after every decade; 3) the Civil Law countries have rates of job creation and net job variation higher than those Common Law countries whose rate of job destruction is higher; 4) the emerging countries presented higher rates for all flows analyzed when compared to the OECD countries and to the transition economies; 5) the developing countries showed higher rates of job creation than the developed ones; and 6) the larger the economic growth and market opening, the higher is the net rate of job creation, since the job destruction is smaller.