Luiz Carlos de Santana Ribeiro

Characterization of Tourism Clusters in Brazil

The objective of this paper is to portray the features of touristic services in Brazil, looking to identify similarities and differences among the regions of the country. To do so, two complementary techniques are applied: cluster analysis and shift-share. The main results indicate the existence of five tourism clusters in the country, the best of them (clusters 1 and 2) predominantly comprising touristic services located in the mesoregions of the South and Southeast of Brazil, notably the state of Rio de Janeiro. Furthermore, the mesoregions of the North of Ceará, the Agreste of Pernambuco, the North of Rio de Janeiro state, metropolitan Rio de Janeiro, central Rio de Janeiro state, Assis, Araraquara, Araçatuba and Distrito Federal have offered competitive and specialized touristic services, and all are part of clusters 1 and 2, which show the best results.

Tourism and regional development in the Brazilian Northeast

This article aims to estimate the economic impacts of expenditure on tourism in the Brazilian Northeast and its effects on the states’ productive structure and regional inequalities. We use an interregional input–output matrix for the nine northeastern states and the rest of Brazil. The main results show that tourist expenditure in the Northeast was responsible for a 3.9% increase in the Northeast’s gross domestic product (GDP). Additionally, the sectorial analysis indicated significant spillover effects to the rest of Brazil, especially from manufacturing industries. On the other hand, tourist spending contributed to reducing regional inequalities.

Reducing Brazilian greenhouse gas emissions: scenario simulations of targets and policies

ABSTRACT This paper aims to evaluate the economic impacts of greenhouse gas emission reduction on the Brazilian economy. To this end, we developed an integrated input–output linear programming model for 2009 using the Supply and Use Tables and emissions data of the Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology and Innovation. We simulated emissions targets for various potential scenarios in which the adopted policy design took account of sectoral composition in terms of emissions and available production technology. The results were directly affected by the high level of livestock emissions, counterbalancing this sector’s economic importance for Brazil. In the short term, sectoral emissions targets associated with taxation policy or emission permits could be developed in order to create private incentives to mitigate emissions. In this sense, the results also show that different sectoral targets may be able to balance environmental benefits with the possible economic losses incurred by such policies.

Características e similaridades do setor cultural nos municípios e regiões metropolitanas brasileiras

A promocao de politicas regionais que visam a desenvolver um determinado setor exige, num primeiro momento, sua caracterizacao e descricao do ponto de vista regional. Dessa forma, este artigo contribui no sentido de oferecer uma classificacao dos 5.570 municipios brasileiros sob a otica formal do mercado de arte e cultura. Para tanto, duas metodologias complementares foram desenvolvidas, quais sejam: i) analise de conglomerados; e ii) metodo diferencial-estrutural modificado. Acredita-se que a partir dessa caracterizacao, estudos posteriores possam ser desenvolvidos no sentido de propor politicas regionais que fortalecam o setor de arte e cultura.

Employment dynamics in the Brazilian tourism sector (2006–2015)

Tourism is recognized as an activity with great potential for Brazil, not only because of its diverse tourist attractions but also because of the generation of economic dynamics and its capacity to absorb labour. This article investigates the influence of specialization, urbanization and diversification externalities on the tourism employment growth rate in Brazilian municipalities between 2006 and 2015. To this end, we apply Local Indicators of Spatial Association and spatial econometric models. Both techniques enable the visualization of a spatial and temporal overview of the convergence process in tourism employment in Brazil. The main results suggest that the externalities of specialization, urbanization and diversification positively affect the employment growth rate in the tourism sector. Nevertheless, the employment growth rate for tourism in neighbouring municipalities reduces local employment in the same sector, which we interpret as arising from a competitive effect.

Greenhouse Gases Emissions and Economic Performance of Livestock, an Environmental Input-Output Analysis

In the last three decades, the developing countries have sharply increased its contribution to global warming. From 2005 to 2012, Brazil has reduced its total emissions in 12% due to deforestation control. In the same period, the total GHG emissions excluding land-use change and forestry have increased 18% (WRI, 2014), while per capita GPD has raised 17%. The Brazilian climate policy must go beyond the deforestation control to avoid an unsustainable pattern of development. Since the mitigation effort bears heavily on primary activities, one must ask: how important are those sectors for Brazilian economy? And how their emissions are connected to other sectors along the productive chain? Specifically, this paper aims to calculate the GHG emissions multipliers of the Brazilian economy in 2009 and associate these results with the employment and income multipliers, particularly of the Agriculture sector. The ‘field of influence’ method (SONIS and HEWINGS, 1992) is applied to calculate the intersectorial relations in terms of input linkages and GHG emissions. Key-words: input-output, GHG emissions, agriculture, Brazilian economy. Resumo: Nas últimas três décadas, os países em desenvolvimento aumentaram significativamente a sua contribuição para o aquecimento global. O Brasil, entre 2005 e 2010, reduziu suas emissões totais em 12%, devido ao controle do desmatamento. No mesmo período, as emissões totais de GEE, excluindo mudanças no uso da terra e florestas, aumentaram 18% (WRI, 2014), enquanto o PIB per capita aumentou 17%. A política climática brasileira deve ir além do controle do desmatamento para evitar um padrão insustentável de desenvolvimento. As principais medidas para o controle das emissões são aplicadas às atividades primárias, assim, cabe perguntar: qual a importância dessas atividades para a economia brasileira? E como as suas emissões estão ligadas às emissões de outras atividades ao longo da 1. Data de submissão: 12 de junho de 2016. Data de aceite: 11 de setembro de 2017. 2. Universidade Federal de Sergipe. São Cristóvão-SE, Brasil. E-mail: ribeiro.luiz84@gmail.com 3. Instituto Federal de Educação do Maranhão. Bacabal-MA, Brasil. E-mail: ederjohnson1@hotmail.com. O autor agradece ao suporte financeiro da Fundação de Amparo e Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia – Fapesb. 4. Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul. São Caetano do Sul-SP, Brasil. E-mail: lucioffreitas@yahoo.com.br

Structuring investment and regional inequalities in the Brazilian Northeast

ABSTRACT Structuring investment and regional inequalities in the Brazilian Northeast. Regional Studies. This paper evaluates the long-run regional impacts of the construction of three oil refineries proposed for Brazil’s Northeast (NE) region. A dynamic, interregional computable general equilibrium (CGE) model was developed, with 28 regions in the NE and the rest of Brazil and 30 sectors. The database construction methodology could be applied to any other country. The main results of the refinery investment simulations in the NE indicate positive impacts in all regions. However, the construction and operation of these three refineries would generate an increase in intraregional inequalities. On the other hand, in the long run, these investments could contribute to the NE gaining an increased relative share of Brazilian gross domestic product (GDP).

ESTIMAÇÃO DAS IMPORTAÇÕES INDIRETAS DO COMPLEXO INDUSTRIAL QUÍMICO BRASILEIRO NOS ANOS 2000

This paper aims to estimate the indirect Brazilian imports of chemicals for the years 2000, 2005 and 2009. Data from national and international input-output matrices were used, in particular the coefficients of intermediate demand for chemical products of economic activities. Estimations like this are useful in order to better measure the size of the potential market for chemical commodities moved by the total Brazilian imports, not limited only to direct imports. This potential market corresponds to the sum of direct and indirect imports, the latter being related to the chemicals that are incorporated throughout the list of Brazilian imports. Both estimation show increasing values of indirect Brazilian imports of chemicals over the years and that obtained by international basis showed relatively lower values. This difference suggests lag of the Brazilian productive structure, particularly regarding to efficiency in use of chemical inputs. It was noticed also a significant decrease in the relative weight of Brazilian imports from the United States, especially in the first half of the decade, concomitantly to a significant increase in Chinese participation.

ESTUDO BIBLIOMÉTRICO DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NACIONAL E INTERNACIONAL NO SETOR DE SANEAMENTO

O saneamento basico e entendido como sendo a gestao ou controle dos fatores fisicos que podem exercer efeitos nocivos aos seres humanos, prejudicando, portanto, o seu bem-estar fisico, mental e social. O debate acerca do saneamento basico e fundamental para a proposicao de acoes de empresas e governos inseridos nesse setor. Contudo, e fundamental que tais acoes estejam amparadas em estudos que qualifiquem e quantifiquem o contexto das discussoes academicas sobre o tema. Este artigo tem como objetivo mapear, selecionar e analisar as principais caracteristicas do perfil da producao cientifica nacional e internacional na area do Saneamento, entre 1994 e 2015. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo bibliometrico, isto e, uma pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa como principal ferramenta metodologica. Apos a analise do conteudo foram selecionados 153 para compor o portfolio bibliografico de revisao da literatura cientifica sobre saneamento. Os achados demonstram uma relativa expansao das pesquisas em saneamento e a presenca de pesquisadores brasileiros, indicando uma base intelectual local. Palavras-Chave – Estudo Bibliometrico, Saneamento, Economia e Saude.