Luiz Paulo Rigolon

Substituição do Milho pela Farinha de Mandioca de Varredura em Dietas de Cabras em Lactação: Produção e Composição do Leite e Digestibilidade dos Nutrientes

The objectives of this work were to evaluate effects of replacing corn by cassava by-product meal, in diets of Saanen lactating goats, on milk production and composition (total solids and crude protein), nutrient apparent digestibility and total digestible nutrients (TDN) of diets. Four multiparous goats fitted with ruminal cannula, with 100 days of lactation, were used. The design was a 4 x 4 Latin square and treatments as following: 0, 33, 67 and 100% replacement of corn by cassava by-product [...]The objectives of this work were to evaluate effects of replacing corn by cassava by-product meal, in diets of Saanen lactating goats, on milk production and composition (total solids and crude protein), nutrient apparent digestibility and total digestible nutrients (TDN) of diets. Four multiparous goats fitted with ruminal cannula, with 100 days of lactation, were used. The design was a 4 x 4 Latin square and treatments as following: 0, 33, 67 and 100% replacement of corn by cassava by-product meal. Treatments did not affect intake, fecal flow and dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral fiber detergent (NDF) and non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) total digestion (AD) and total digestibility (DIG). There was a linear fecal flow decrease and a starch digestibility increase with cassava by-product meal inclusion. TDN did not differ among diets with an average of 71.59%. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.9472) between OMDIG and TDN, making possible TDN estimation from the equation: TDN (%) = 0.8897OMDIG (%) + 10.9940 (R2 = 0.8972). Cassava by-product inclusion did not affect milk production and composition (total solids and crude protein). These results permit to recommend inclusion of cassava by-product in goat lactating diets, in total replacement of corn without problems related to nutrient digestibility and milk production.

Fontes de proteína, ingestão de alimentos e fluxo esplâncnico de nutrientes em ovinos

Three wethers averaging 50 kg LW, fitted with four catheters, in the mesenteric vein, mesenteric artery, portal vein and hepatic vein, were used to evaluate nutrient intake and glucose, α-amino nitrogen, ammonia and urea splanchnic fluxes in sheep fed with different protein sources. Statistical design was a 3x3 Latin square. Treatments consisted of three different protein sources utilization: soybean meal, hydrolyzed feather meal and corn gluten meal. There were no treatment effects over intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Portal, hepatic and arterial concentrations for glucose, α -amino nitrogen, ammonia and urea were not affected by different protein sources. Only glucose portal flux increased and α-amino nitrogen flux decreased when corn gluten meal as protein source was used. Nutrient hepatic extraction rate were -10.51, 4.07, 47.69 and -4.81% for glucose, α-amino nitrogen, ammonia and urea, respectively, and there was no difference among treatments.

Effect of the dry matter intake level on the sanguine profile of glucose, insulin, urea, estrogen and progesterone and concentration of IGF-I in the follicular liquid of crossbred heifers

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito do nivel de ingestao de materia seca (IMS/% do PV) sobre as concentracoes sanguineas de glicose, insulina, urea, estrogeno e progesterona e o nivel de IGF-I no liquido folicular de novilhas. Vinte e sete novilhas cruzadas foram utilizadas, distribuidas em tres tratamentos: 1,2%; 1,6% e 2,6% do peso vivo de ingestao de materia seca por dia. As concentracoes no plasma da veia jugular de glicose e estrogeno foram maiores nos animais com 1,6% de IMS e os niveis de insulina foram maiores nos animais com 2,6% de IMS. Houve um aumento dos niveis plasmaticos de ureia com aumento dos niveis de IMS. Nao houve efeito da IMS sobre os niveis de progesterona no plasma sanguineo coletado da jugular. No plasma sanguineo coletado da veia cada caudal, os niveis de progesterona foram maiores (P<0,05) nos animais com 2,6% de IMS. Nao houve efeito da IMS sobre os niveis foliculares de IGF-I.

Somatotropina bovina recombinante (rBST) nos aspectos hematológicos e metabólitos do sangue de novilhas (½ Nelore x ½ Red Angus) em confinamento

This work was carried out to evaluate the recombinant bovine somatotropin effect (rBST - BST analogous, commercially obtained by recombinant DNA technique), on hematological aspects (hematocrit, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, leukocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, lymphocyte and monocyte) and metabolites (glucose, insulin, IGF-I, triglycerides, total cholesterol and urea) in heifers blood. Twenty-four crossbred heifers were used (½ Nellore x ½ Red Angus), they were approximately 18 months old and 225 kg of average body weight. All animals were fed with corn silage, citrus pulp and soybean meal during 84 days. 250 mg of rBST were administered subcutaneously, by intradermic way in the ischiorectal fossa. Treatments were: 1) control (administration of two mL of saline solution); 2) Single dose and 3) one dose each 14 days. The animals were used in a completely randomized design, with three treatments and eight replicates. The blood collect was realized in the beginning of the experiment and in the days 28, 56 and 84 of the experiment to determine the hematological aspects and metabolites. There was no influence of the rBST treatment on hematological aspects in the beginning and at the end of the experiment. However, the collect day had a positive linear effect on the hematocrit levels, negative linear on the glucose and triglycerides levels and positive quadratic on the IGF-I and urea levels. Also, the collect day effect was not observed on the insulin and total cholesterol levels.

Influência da adição de probióticos na dieta sobre o estado sanitário e desempenho de bezerros da raça Holandesa

O experimento foi realizado no Setor de Bovinocultura de Leite da Fazenda Experimental de Iguatemi, Maringa, Parana, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do uso de probioticos sobre o indice de diarreia, mortalidade e desempenho (altura e peso) de bezerros. As medicoes de peso e altura foram feitas logo apos o nascimento dos animais, aos 30 e aos 60 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 19 bezerros puros por cruza Holandes, do nascimento aos 60 dias de idade, machos e femeas. Os bezerros foram distribuidos em tres tratamentos: (A) leite integral + probiotico em po soluvel, (B) leite integral + probiotico em po soluvel e pasta probiotica de administracao oral e (C) leite integral. Foram fornecidos feno e concentrado a vontade apos 20 dias de idade. Os indices de diarreia e mortalidade foram nulos para os tres tratamentos. Nao houve diferenca significativa para o ganho medio diario e mudanca nas alturas tomadas nas cernelhas do nascimento aos 60 dias de idade entre os tratamentos A (0,56 kg/dia e 0,055 cm/dia), B (0,41 kg/dia e 0,075 cm/dia) e C (0,51 kg/dia e 0,043 cm/dia).

Intake, digestibility, rumen characteristics and microbial protein synthesis efficiency in bovine and bubaline fed sugar cane silage with additives

Intake and total and ruminal digestibility, ruminal characteristics and microbial synthesis efficiency in bovine and bubaline fed sugar cane silages treated with microbial additive Lactobacillus buchneri (inoculate) and the addition of: cassava byproduct meal at 250 g/kg; soybean hulls at 250 g/kg; and urea at 33 g/kg, in natural matter were evaluated. The forage:concentrate ratio was 600:400 g/kg. Bubaline body weight (BW) was 403±49 kg and bovine BW was 492±10 kg. The experimental design consisted of two 4 × 4 Latin squares in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement. The average DM intake did not differ between species, and the diet with urea showed lowest intake (13 g/kg BW). Among the diets, the one with soybean hulls addition increased the total digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), while addition of urea reduced the DM, OM and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) total digestibility in both species. Bovines have higher ruminal digestibility of NFC in the diet with addition of inoculate, inoculate + soybean meal and inoculate + urea diets than bubaline. Ruminal liquid pH was higher for bubaline (6.61) than bovines (6.48). Diets with addition of cassava byproduct and soybean hulls presented higher ruminal short chain fatty acids concentrations. Ruminal ammonia concentration (N-NH3) did not differ between species and the treatment with urea presented the highest value of N-NH3 (17.25 mg/100 mL). Liquid passage rate was higher for bubaline (12.9%/h) than bovines (9.9%/h). Bubaline has higher microbial synthesis efficiency than bovine: 35.1 vs 24.6 g of N-microbial/kg OM of the total rumen digestibility, regardless of the diet.

Somatotropina bovina recombinante (rBST) sobre o desempenho e a digestibilidade aparente de novilhas (½ Nelore x ½ Red Angus) em confinamento

This work was carried out to evaluate the recombinant bovine somatotropin effect (rBST - BST analogous, commercially obtained by recombinant DNA technique) on average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), organic matter intake (OMI), metabolizable energy intake (MEI) and neutral detergent fiber intake (NDFI), dry matter intake relative to live weight (DMI/LW), feed:gain ratio (F/G), carcass dressing percentage (CDP), dry matter apparent digestibility (DMAD), organic matter apparent digestibility (OMAD), crude protein apparent digestibility (CPAD), crude energy apparent digestibility (CEAD) and neutral detergent fiber apparent digestibility (NDFAD). Twenty-four crossbred heifers (½ Nellore x ½ Red Angus) were used. The heifers were approximately 18 months old and 225 kg of average body weight. All animals were fed with corn silage, citrus pulp and soybean meal during 84 days. 250 mg of rBST were administered subcutaneously by in the ischiorectal fossa. Treatments were: 1) control (administration of 2 mL of saline solution); 2) Single dose and 3) one dose each 14 days. The animals were used in a completely randomized design, with three treatments and eight replicates. The ADG was determined each 14 days. Feed intake and the F/G were determined at the end of the experiment. Apparent digestibility (AD) was determined during seven days using an internal indicator. There was no difference among animals treated or not with rBST for ADG, DMI, CPI, MEI, OMI and NDFI, DMAC and CY. However, the apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, CE and NDF was superior in the heifers that received rBST each 14 days.

Frequency of estrus in santa inês, texel and ile de france ewes in the northwest of Paraná state, Brazil

The incidence of estrus in nulliparous Santa Ines (n = 16), Texel (n = 16) and Ile de France (n = 15) ewes fed two levels of crude protein (CP, 12 or 16%) was monitored from July 2005 to December 2006, and seasonality in the Santa Ines breed in the south of Brazil was characterized. The solar radiation data were recorded daily, and samples of blood were collected biweekly for determination of the plasma concentration of progesterone in Santa Ines lambs at, on average, 11±1 months of age. The female Santa Ines lambs, in the experimental period, stayed among teaser rams with a powdered-dye-ink mixture placed on their chest to mark the females that accepted to be mounted. Santa Ines ewes did not manifest estrus in the first fortnight of November and in December 2005, nor in the last fortnight of December 2006. Estrus activity was not observed on any of the three breeds in October 2006. Breeds differed at the level of 12% CP. Santa Ines and Ile de France females did not differ as for the probability estrus manifestation and both presented higher probabilities then Texel. When the effect of 12 or 16% CP on each breed was evaluated separately, it was verified that levels of 12 or 16% of crude protein did not change the probability of estrus manifestation in any of the studied breeds. The concentration of plasma progesterone in Santa Ines ewes during the spring of 2005 and 2006 indicated that there is difference between 12% CP (0.68±1.32 ng/mL) and 16% CP (1.28±1.99 ng/mL) and between the years 2005 (0.39±0.78 ng/mL) and 2006 (1.47±2.08 ng/mL), demonstrating the anestrous seasonality of Santa Ines in South Brazil.

Efeito de diferentes níveis de ingestão de energia sobre a produção e viabilidade de embriões em novilhas e vacas

This work was carried out to study the effect of dry matter feed intake level (DMI/% BW), weight gain, production and viability of embryos in cross-breed heifers so does production and viability of embryonic structures in Nellore cows. During the first trial, 27 cross-breed (½ Nelore x ½ Simental) heifers were used divided in 3 treatments and 9 replications: 1.2%; 1.6% and 2.6% of DMI/day in relation to body weight, respectively. The heifers were synchronized and after nine days these animals were superovulated using FSH. The embryos were collected seven days after the artificial insemination by uterus flushing. This procedure was repeated twice with intervals of 45 days. In the second trial, 21 Nellore cows of 3 years old were used. The cows were divided in 3 treatments: 1.0; 1.8 and 2.6% of DMI according to body weight. After 30 days, the cows were synchronized with norgestomet implant and superovulated with FSH. The embryos were collected seven days after artificial insemination by uterus flushing. The final body weight, average daily gain and carcass weight were superior for cows fed 2.6% of DMI. On the other hand, the DMI levels and collect period did not influence on corpus luteum number nor on total, transferable and degenerated numbers of structures and not fertilized oocites for heifers and the cows.

Oocyte production in Nellore cows supplemented with long-chain fatty acid soaps

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of long-chain fatty acid soaps (LCFAS) of soybean oil on the production and quality of aspirated cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) of lactating Nellore (Bos taurus indicus) cows. The effects of LCFAS on the plasma concentration of lipoproteins, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, urea N, and insulin were also addressed. Thirty lactating Nellore cows were randomly assigned to one of two dietary groups. Cows were grazed on a Tifton 85 pasture throughout the experiment (100 days). Treatments consisted of a supplement with no fat included (CONT); and a supplement containing 47.2 g/kg of LCFAS on a dry matter basis. After 14 days of treatment, animals were subjected to 4.93±1.55 rounds of consecutive ovum pickup (OPU) at intervals of 21.71±11.76 days. Blood samples were collected from all cows throughout the experiment at 25-day intervals (four samples per cow). Cows that were fed LCFAS supplements and cows that were fed CONT supplements had similar numbers of total aspirated oocytes (viable and not viable) by OPU and grades of viable oocytes. Plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were increased in cows supplemented with LCFAS. Plasma concentrations of LDL and total cholesterol were increased by LCFAS supplementation after 50 days on dietary treatment and insulin concentration was increased from 75 days on treatment. Long-chain fatty acid soaps from soybean oil added at 47.2 g/kg have no effect on the number of aspirated COC or their quality in Nellore lactating cows even with changes in plasma concentration of HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, and insulin. Thus, this supplementation has no benefits when the main objective is to improve oocyte production and quality.