Łukasz Rymaniak

The Impact of Modified Piston in Two Stroke Engine on Toxic Emissions and Fuel Consumption

The Institute of Combustion Engines and Transport conducted tests on exhaust emissions for two motorized scooters fitted with two-stroke engines differing from each other with the type of the applied pistons. The research was conducted on a chassis dynamometer according to a specially prepared test that aimed at reflecting the conditions of the actual use of the vehicle. The presented tests were performed in order to determine the influence of the lubricant on the exhaust emission components. The authors also tested the in the emission of NOx, CO, HC and CO2. In the first stage of the testing, measurements were made with respect to a standard mixture of gasoline and oil. Subsequent measuring cycles were conducted for leaner mixtures. The tests on the concentrations of individual components were realized with the use of a portable analyzer SEMTECH DS manufactured by Sensors Inc. The portable analyzer was also designed to measure the mass flow of the exhaust and the concentration of the exhaust components such as CO, HC, NOx, CO2 and O2. A consumption of fuel with a second by second resolution was measured gravimetrically. The fuel consumption in the test drive was measured with the use of a carbon balance method.

The Impact of Vehicle Heating Systems on the Energy Consumption Determined Based on the Vehicle Exhaust Emission Tests Under Actual Operating Conditions

Global policies aim at a reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions (particularly CO2) and tightening the emission limits for vehicles. As a result, automotive manufactures have been forced to optimize the propulsion systems as well as other units such as air conditioning or heating systems. Currently, a great deal of research has been carried out on reducing energy consumption in vehicles [1, 2, 3]. Institute of Combustion Engines and Transport of Poznan University of Technology, conducted a study on the impact of heating systems on the energy consumption in a variety of vehicles. Two parking heaters were compared in terms of their emission characteristics and the temperature inside the vehicle measured while the engine was off. Based on these results and the heating rate inside the vehicle were determined. At the same time the temperatures inside the vehicle were measured. The study was conducted under the same conditions. In order to determine the impact of these systems on the vehicle energy consumption the emission measurements were carried out with all systems activated. The obtained results were used to determine both the and gas mileage as well as the specific emission of CO, HC, NOx, CO2. The temperatures were used to determine the effect of the heating system design on the travel comfort. A portable gas analyzer (PEMS) SEMTECH DS (made by Sensors Inc.) was used to measure CO, HC, NOx, CO2, O2 and the exhaust gas mass flow rate. Temperatures were measured with 6 PERSONAL IOTECH DAQ 3000 thermocouple transmitters.

Reducing the Negative Impact of Public Transport on the Environment by Using CNG as a Fuel / Ograniczenie Negatywnego Wpływu Komunikacji Miejskiej Na Środowisko Naturalne Poprzez Zastosowanie CNG Jako Paliwa

Abstract The paper presents the results of emission research city buses fueled by compressed natural gas and diesel. The exhaust emission tests were performed under actual traffic conditions on a regular bus line. For the measurement was used a mobile exhaust analyzer for the group of PEMS - SEMTECH DS by Sensors Inc. Based on the obtained of the result the test determined the impact of applied compressed natural gas to reduce exhaust emissions for a vehicle fueled by diesel. Streszczenie W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań emisyjności autobusów komunikacji miejskiej zasilanych sprężonym gazem ziemnym i olejem napędowym. Drogowe badania emisji gazów wylotowych przeprowadzono na regularnej linii klursowania autobusów. Do pomiarów wykorzystano mobilny analizator gazów wylotowych z grupy PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement System) - SEMTECH DS firmy Sensors Inc. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników badań wyznaczono wpływ zastosowania sprężonego gazu ziemnego na ograniczenie emisji szkodliwych i toksycznych składników gazów wylotowych w odniesieniu do pojazdu zasilanego olejem napędowym.

The Impact of Application of Photovoltaic Cells for Bus Ecological Properties / Wpływ Zastosowania Ogniw Fotowoltaicznych Na Ekologiczność Autobusu Miejskiego

Abstract The paper presents discusses the application of photovoltaic cells and provides information on solar energy in Poland. Article presents examples of research emission two buses, one of them was equipped with additional auxiliary photovoltaic system. Measurements was carried out in on-road, in urban traffic - bus line public transport. For measurement was used mobile gas analyzer included in Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS). The results have been developed in such a way as to determine the relative influence of the system implemented on the total environmental performance of the vehicle. Streszczenie W artykule omówione zostały zagadnienia dotyczące zastosowania ogniw fotowoltaicznych oraz przedstawiono informacje na temat energetyki słonecznej w Polsce. Zaprezentowano przykładowe wyniki badań emisyjnych dwóch autobusów, z których jeden wyposażony był w dodatkowy system ogniw fotowoltaicznych wspomagający układ napędowy. Pomiary zrealizowano w rzeczywistych warunkach eksploatacji, w ruchu miejskim, na drodze odzwierciedlającej trasę obsługiwaną przez przewoźnika miejskiego. W pomiarach wykorzystany został mobilny analizator spalin należący do grupy PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement Systems). Otrzymane wyniki zostały opracowane w taki sposób, aby wyznaczyć względny wpływ zaimplementowanego systemu na całkowitą ekologiczność pojazdu.

The Analysis of the Emission from SUV Vehicle Fitted with Ci Engine and Start-Stop System / Analiza Emisyjności Pojazdu Kategorii Suv Z Silnikiem Zs Wyposażonego W System Start-Stop

Abstract The article presents the results of emission test Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV) with diesel engine, equipped with start-stop system. Measurements was carried out in on-road conditions in urban traffic. Article presents a method of work implemented start-stop system, and the characteristics of the implemented battery Absorbent Glass Mat (AGM). Analysis of the results allowed to indicate the effectiveness of the system and its impact on emission per second. In addition was determined road emission and fuel consumption from performed test. For measurement was used mobile gas analyser SEMTECH DS included in Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) Streszczenie W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań emisji samochodu kategorii SUV (Sport Utility Vehicle) z silnikiem ZS, wyposażonego w system start-stop. Pomiary zrealizowano w rzeczywistych warunkach eksploatacji w ruchu miejskim. W pracy przedstawiono sposób działania wykorzystanego systemu start-stop, a także dokładną charakterystykę zaimplementowanego akumulatora AGM (Absorbent Glass Mat). Analiza wyników badań pozwoliła wskazać skuteczność działania systemu i jego wpływ na emisje sekundową związków szkodliwych. Ponadto wyznaczono emisję drogową i zużycie paliwa podczas realizacji całego testu. W badaniach wykorzystany został mobilny analizator spalin SEMTECH DS należący do grupy PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement Systems).