M. M. Farooqui

Comparative Gross Anatomy of the Sternum in Peacock (Pavo cristatus), Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and White-breasted waterhen (Amaurornis phoenicurlus)

Comparative gross anatomical studies were conducted on the sternum of peacock, turkey, duck and white breasted waterhen. In peacock and turkey the sternum was quadrilateral strongly concave plate like whereas, in duck and white-breasted waterhen, it was rectangular in shape. The spina sterni was large, quadrilateral in shape with a large foramen at its root in peacock and turkey. In duck and white breasted waterhen the spina sterni was pointed and no foramen was present in it. Processus lateralis cranialis was hamulus shape, directed cranio-laterally and did not extend up-to the spina sterni in peacock, whereas in turkey it was dagger shaped, extended beyond the apex of spina sterni. In duck, the processus lateralis cranialis was hook like and lag behind the spina sterni. In white breasted waterhen it was large, triangular shaped and extended up-to the base of spina sterni. In peacock, two foramen pneumaticum medianum were present on the mid line at the dorsal surface of body of sternum. In duck single median pneumatic foramen was present on the mid line close to anterior border of sternum. The processus thoracicus was absent in duck and white breasted waterhen. The processus caudalis lateralis was long and narrow, widened out in its terminal in peacock and turkey, but in duck and white-breasted waterhen, the process was clasp like. In peacock, turkey and duck this process did not reach up-to the caudal end of the metasternum but in white–breasted waterhen, it reached beyond the caudal end of the metasternum.

Gestational variations in the macro anatomy of the fore stomach of goat(Capra hircus)

A study was undertaken to appraise the macro anatomical development of fore stomach of foetal goat. For this study 36 foeti/ embryos were divided into three groups viz. Group I (0-50 days of gestation), II (51-100 days of gestation) and III (101 days of gestation to till term) having 12 foeti in each group. All the four compartments of the goat stomach were clearly discernible by 38 days of gestation. Under stereozoom microscope, by 34 days of gestation the digestive tube showed three dilatations and two constrictions. Quadrilateral rumen was placed on left side of the median plane between 8thrib to 1st lumbar vertebra at term. Except cranio- dorsal coronary groove all other ruminal grooves were discernible before birth. Large dorsal and small ventral sacs were noticed at 46 days of gestation. Fine ruminal papillae were noticed from 90 days onwards. The reticulum became cranial most compartment of stomach after 50 days. Pear-shaped reticulum was placed on left side of the abdominal cavity in group I and pushed to just left of the median plane after 50 days of gestation. Near term (134 days), it was extended between 7th to 9th rib. Internally the reticulum showed honey comb-like folds at 107 days of intra uterine life. Originally the circular omasum was placed on the left of median plane and from 55 days onwards gradually shifted to the right side. During gestation, a cranial ascent of the omasum was noticed with its placement between 9th -11th ribs at term. Under stereozoom microscope, leaf-like omasal lamina was observed from 38 days of gestation. Primary, secondary, tertiary and quarterly laminae were observed on 38, 51, 55 and 87 days of gestation, respectively. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that biometrical parameters of fore stomach increased significantly with advancement of age and were highly significantly correlated with each other.

Analysis of Cherenkov Phase Matching in DAST for Terahertz Generation

Numerical simulation has been done to study the Cherenkov phase matching in DAST. Discrete regions of THz frequency in DAST have been identified to study the tuning characteristics.