Prabhakar Kumar

Gross Anatomical Studies on the Adrenal Gland in Prenatal Goat (Capra hircus)

El presente estudio se realizo en 24 embriones / fetos de cabra (Capra hircus) sanos de un dia hasta los 150 dias de gestacion. Los embriones fueron separados en tres grupos de acuerdo a la edad gestacional: grupos I (0-50 dias), II (51 a 100 dias) y III (101-till plazo). A los 38 dias de gestacion se observo el primordio de las glandulas suprarrenales derecha e izquierda como una protuberancia de forma esferica, situada justo en la zona craneal en relacion al metanefros. C on el avance de la edad, estudios biometricos revelan aumento de todos los parametros de la glandula suprarrenal. Las glandulas suprarrenales fueron extraidas inicialmente a los 50 dias de gestacion.

Comparative Gross Anatomy of the Sternum in Peacock (Pavo cristatus), Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and White-breasted waterhen (Amaurornis phoenicurlus)

Comparative gross anatomical studies were conducted on the sternum of peacock, turkey, duck and white breasted waterhen. In peacock and turkey the sternum was quadrilateral strongly concave plate like whereas, in duck and white-breasted waterhen, it was rectangular in shape. The spina sterni was large, quadrilateral in shape with a large foramen at its root in peacock and turkey. In duck and white breasted waterhen the spina sterni was pointed and no foramen was present in it. Processus lateralis cranialis was hamulus shape, directed cranio-laterally and did not extend up-to the spina sterni in peacock, whereas in turkey it was dagger shaped, extended beyond the apex of spina sterni. In duck, the processus lateralis cranialis was hook like and lag behind the spina sterni. In white breasted waterhen it was large, triangular shaped and extended up-to the base of spina sterni. In peacock, two foramen pneumaticum medianum were present on the mid line at the dorsal surface of body of sternum. In duck single median pneumatic foramen was present on the mid line close to anterior border of sternum. The processus thoracicus was absent in duck and white breasted waterhen. The processus caudalis lateralis was long and narrow, widened out in its terminal in peacock and turkey, but in duck and white-breasted waterhen, the process was clasp like. In peacock, turkey and duck this process did not reach up-to the caudal end of the metasternum but in white–breasted waterhen, it reached beyond the caudal end of the metasternum.