Madelijne Gorsira

Values Determine the (In)Effectiveness of Informational Interventions in Promoting Pro-Environmental Behavior

Informational interventions (e.g., awareness campaigns, carbon footprint calculators) are built on the assumption that informing the public about the environmental consequences of their actions should result in increased pro-environmental intentions and behavior. However, empirical support for this reasoning is mixed. In this paper, we argue that informational interventions may succeed in improving people’s knowledge about the negative environmental consequences of one’s actions, but this knowledge will not gain motivational force if people do not consider protecting the environment an important personal value. In an experiment, we measured individual differences in value priorities, and either presented participants a movie clip that portrayed the negative environmental consequences of using bottled water, or a control movie. As predicted, we found that the environmental movie improved recipients’ knowledge of the negative environmental impact of bottled water, but this knowledge only resulted in concomitant changes in intentions and acceptability of related policies among participants who strongly endorsed biospheric (i.e. environmental) values, while having no effect on those who care less about the environment. Interestingly, the results suggest that although informational interventions are perhaps not always successful in directly affecting less environmentally-conscious recipients, they could still have beneficial effects, because they make those who strongly care about the environment more inclined to act on their values.

Values Versus Environmental Knowledge as Triggers of a Process of Activation of Personal Norms for Eco-Driving

Eco-driving can be an effective strategy to save fuel and reduce CO2 emissions on the road. In the current study, we reason that personal norms are important predictors of eco-driving, and that they are activated when people are aware of environmental problems caused by behavior (problem awareness) and believe that they can contribute to the solution of the problem by changing behavior (outcome efficacy). Extending previous research, we aim at testing two antecedents of this norm activation process: values and environmental knowledge. Results revealed that in comparison with knowledge, values—in particular biospheric values—were strongly associated with the intention to eco-drive by being highly related to awareness of problems caused by car use, which in turn was associated with stronger outcome efficacy beliefs and personal norms for eco-driving. Findings indicate that values are more likely to be a motivational force for pro-environmental intentions than is environmental knowledge.

Corporations and transnational crime

This chapter explores historical origins of business related crime, to get a better understanding of the historical context of the involvement of corporations in transnational crime, which is often presented as a recent product of globalization. Often, globalization is presented as a cause for (the observed increase of) transnational corporate crime. However, the historical cases discussed in this chapter show that early accounts of corporate crime were also transnational. This raises the questions whether globalization is new and whether it is the cause of a transnationalization of corporate crime. This chapter discusses some historical—pre-World War II—accounts of business related crime, to illustrate that it is not a strictly contemporary phenomenon. Second, corporate complicity to transnational organized crime will be discussed, as the latter seems a product of the twentieth century. Third, several contemporary forms of corporate transnational crime and corporate complicity to organized crime are discussed to further illustrate the blurrification of corporate and organized crime: money laundering, corruption, environmental crime, and gross human rights violations. The chapter concludes with the lessons history teaches about the transnationality of corporate crime and recommendations for future research.