Manuel I. Capel Tuñón

Design and use of the CPAN branch and bound for the solution of the travelling salesman problem (TSP)

This article presents the design of a high level parallel composition or CPAN (according to its Spanish acronym) that implements a parallelization of the algorithmic design technique named branch and bound and uses it to solve the travelling salesman problem (TSP), within a methodological infrastructure made up of an environment of parallel objects, an approach to structured parallel programming and the object-orientation paradigm. A CPAN is defined as the composition of a set of parallel objects of three types: one object manager, the stages and the collector objects. By following this idea, the branch and bound design technique implemented as an algorithmic parallel pattern of communication among processes and based on the model of the CPAN is shown. Thus, in this work, the CPAN branch and bound is added as a new pattern to the library of classes already proposed in Rossainz et al. (2004), which was initially constituted by the CPAN farm, pipe and treeDV that represent, respectively, the patterns of communication farm, pipeline and binary tree, the latter one implementing the design technique known as divide and conquer. As the programming environment used to derive the proposed CPAN, we use C++ and the POSIX standard for thread programming.

A Formalization Proposal of Timed BPMN for Compositional Verification of Business Processes

The Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN) is currently being used by companies as the Business Process (BP) standard modeling language. In this work, we define a timed semantics of BPMN in terms of the Communicating Sequential Processes + Time (CSP+T) process calculus in order to detail the behaviour of processes within a fixed time span. By adding a formal specification to the response times of activities, temporal constraints, and temporal constraints in communications and task collaboration, we are able to specify and develop the Business Process Task Model (BPTM) of a target BP. We also demonstrate how our proposal can be integrated into the Formal Compositional Verification Approach (FVCA) to allow the use of state–of–the–art MC tools to automatically verify BPTMs. Finally, we examine the application of the proposal to a BPTM verification related to the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) enterprise–business. .

Nivel de triglicéridos como factor de riesgo durante el embarazo: modelado biológico; revisión sistemática

INTRODUCTION introduction: Some of the diseases that can appear in pregnancy (gestational diabetes, hypertension and preeclampsia) are being associated with an increased risk of heart throughout life diseases. This should be present in future assessments of the health of women. One of the most important biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases is the triglyceride level, and that undergoes a significant change during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE the objective of this review is to analyze the studies that have investigated triglyceride levels during pregnancy as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the last weeks of pregnancy and childbirth. METHODS a systematic search was made and 14 specific articles on the subject were selected following the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS in normal pregnancy decreased the level of lipids in the first weeks, followed by a gradual increase. Especially high from the 12th week of gestation. This increase in plasma levels of circulating lipids occurs linearly, reaching a peak a few days before delivery. This increase results because of the increased estrogen levels and insulin resistance. It has also been associated with prolactin levels. CONCLUSIONS through this review, it has been able to demonstrate the relationship of elevated triglycerides some pathologies or more frequent changes in risk pregnancies, in which a significantly higher elevation occurs compared to normal pregnancies. It is in this context that the biological modeling may be particularly important, facilitating the creation of models and percentile curves applicable to the population, and allow monitoring of changes in triglycerides, which end up pointing situations passing be predictors of a potentially pathological situation. Thus, appropriate interventions would be carried rafter more briefly, and see so favored adequate primary prevention.

Methodology Of Parallel Programming Using Compositions Of Parallel Objects Or CPANS For The Solution Of NP-Complete Problems.

Within an environment of Parallel Objects, an approach of Structured Parallel Programming and the paradigm of the Orientation to Objects, shows a programming method based on High Level Parallel Compositions or HLPCs (CPANs in Spanish) by means of classes. The synchronous, asynchronous communication ways and asynchronous future of the pattern of Parallel Objects (Rossainz and Capel 2005-2), the predefined patterns of communication/interaction of the structured approach, the encapsulation and the abstraction of the Orientation to Objects, to provide reusability to this patterns, together with a set of predefined restrictions of synchronization among processes (maxpar, mutex, sync) are used. The implementation of the commonly used communication patterns is explained, by means of the application of the method, which conform a library of susceptible classes of being used in applications within the environment of programming of the C++ and of the standard POSIX of programming with threads such as the solution to the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) by means of the parallel Branch & Bound technique like a CPAN.