Marcelo Renato Alves de Araújo

Genetic variation and correlation of agronomic traits in meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm) clones

Meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.) is a recently introduced pasture grass in western Canada. Its leafy production and rapid regrowth have made it a major grass species for pasturing beef animals in this region. As relatively little breeding work has been done on this species, there is little information on its breeding behaviour. The main objective of this study was to estimate total genetic variability, broad-sense heritability, phenotypic and genetic correlations. Forty-four meadow bromegrass clones were evaluated for agronomic characters. Genetic variation for dry matter yield, seed yield, fertility index, harvest index, plant height, plant spread, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, was significant. Broad-sense heritability estimates exceeded 50% for all characters. Heritability estimates were at least 3.5 times greater than their standard errors. Phenotypic and genetic correlation between all possible characters were measured. There was general agreement in both sign and magnitude between genetic and phenotypic correlations. Correlations between the different characters demonstrated that it is possible to simultaneously improve seed and forage yield. Based on the results, it appears that the development of higher yielding cultivars with higher crude protein, and lower acid and neutral detergent fibers concentration should be possible.

First report of Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora infecting soybean plants in Brazil

In March 2006, diseased soybean plants (Glycine max) were found in the municipalities of Passo Fundo and Coxilha, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, showing withered, brown leaves and light to reddish-brown discoloration and necrosis (canker) of the lower half of the stem. Cultural characteristics in potato dextrose agar showed identical patterns to those described for Diaporthe phaseolorum varcaulivora (Dpc). The rDNA-ITS sequence data from the Brazilian strain CH 40/06 (GenBank accession number EU622854) were compared to homologous sequences from the NCBI GenBank database, and a high similarity with Dpc strains was verified. A phylogenetic reconstruction was performed to compare EU622854 with other related sequences and grouped with Dpc. This group was highly supported by the bootstrap test (99%). Morphology of the Brazilian specimen was also similar to that described in the literature for Dpc, but the ascospores were slightly narrower than the American original material of Dpc. In field surveys performed in the 2006/07 crop season, Dpc was also found in five additional municipalities in RS.

Pastoreio de curta duração com ovinos em caatinga raleada no sertão cearense

The experiment was carried out in Sobral, Ceara, Brazil, from January 1992 to July 1994, with the objective of determining the productive performance of lambs, forage production, and frequency of the species of the herbaceous layer of a thinned caatinga, under organic fertilization and short duration grazing, with two stocking rates. The stocking rates were 3.3 (light) and 10.0 heads/ha (heavy), with (5.0 ton/ha of goat manure) and without fertilization. A complete randomized design was followed, with a factorial distribution of 2 x 2 x 3 (stocking rate x fertilization x year), with two repetitions. Sheep grazing resulted in total disapearing of the grass species and an increasing of the forbs, along the period of study. The organic fertilization did not show significant effects (P>0.05) on the animal and pasture performances. The best animal performance (P<0.01) was observed on the padocks under light stocking rate (3.3 head/ha), with 108.0 g/head/day, and the best performance (P<0.01) of the pasture was obtained on the areas under heavy stocking rate (10 head/ha), with 71.2 kg/ha/year. Although, the short duration grazing with sheep presented high performance by the animals and by the pasture, it should not be recommended for the thinned caatinga, because it unbalances the herbaceous layer composition, the principal source of the diet of those ruminants. Possibly, the alternate grazing with other herbivorous of different grazing habit and diet composition may result on a beter sustainability of the exploration.