Márcia Izumi Sakamoto

Effects of organic mineral dietary supplementation on production performance and egg quality of white layers

This trial aimed at evaluating the effect of organic trace mineral supplementation of commercial layer diets on productive performance and egg quality. One-hundred-ninety-two Hy Line W36 white 69-w-old layers were distributed into a completely randomized design with three treatments, and eight replicates, with eight birds each. Treatments consisted of a basal diet supplemented with inorganic trace minerals (R1), and two others experimental diets containing 0.250 ppm (R2) and 0.500 ppm (R3) of an organic source of zinc, manganese, and selenium. Feed intake (g/bird/day), feed conversion ratio (kg/dozen egg and kg/kg egg), egg weight (g), egg production (%), thin and cracked eggshells (%), specific gravity (g/mL), Haugh Units, total egg solids (%), yolk yield, white and shell yields (%), eggshell thickness, and egg Se content were evaluated Tukeys test analyzed differences among means at 5% of probability using PROC GLM in SAS (2000). Although not significant as compared to the non-supplemented diet, improvements on relative cracked-plus-thin shells were observed with the use of organic mineral blend. The addition of the organic blend to the diet at 0.250 kg/ton resulted in (p<0.05) higher total egg solids. Also, as compared to eggs from control group, fresh and dried yolk yields were higher with the dietary inclusion of the organic mineral blend at 0.250 and 0.500 kg/ton.

Determinação do melhor nível de sal comum para codornas japonesas em postura

The aim of this experiment was to determine the best level of salt for Japanese laying quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Three hundred and thirty-six quails with 13 weeks of age were housed in cages with 118 cm2/quail for 84 days (four cycles of 21 days each). The experiment was analyzed as a complete randomized design with seven treatments (0, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, and 0.45% of salt) with six replicates of eight quails per pen. Every 21 days, the productive performance (% of production, feed intake and feed gain ratio [kg/kg and kg/dozen]) and egg quality (average egg weight, egg mass, eggshell percentage and thickness and Unit Haugh) were evaluated. Data were submitted to analyses of variance and regression, and the means, compared by Dunnett test at 5% of significance. Regression equation showed no treatment effect on productive performance. However, by the comparison among the means it was observed that the birds fed diet with salt addition showed higher values of performance and external egg quality than control (without salt). The 0.15% salt level (equivalent to 0.10% of Na and 0.12% of Cl) was sufficient to obtain these results.

Níveis de sódio para poedeiras comerciais no primeiro e segundo ciclos de produção

The aim of this experiment was to verify the sodium levels and electrolyte balance of diets for commercial laying hens on the first and second production periods. Two experiments with 112 days each, divided in four periods of 28 days, were carried out. One hundred and sixty Lohmann laying hens (25 weeks old) and 160 Babckok forced molting laying hens (80 weeks old), in the first and second experiments, respectively, were used. The laying hens were assigned to a completely randomized design, with five treatments, four replicates and eight birds each. The diets were formulated based on corn and soybean meal and the values of chemical and energy feeds composition were calculated according to Rostagno et al. (1985) and the electrolyte balance of diet was calculated according to Mongin (1980). Five sodium levels, from common salt and sodium bicarbonate, were used. For the first experiment, the sodium levels were 0.12; 0.15; 0.18; 0.21; 0.24% and the calculated electrolyte balance was 205, 218, 231, 243, 246 mEq/kg and for the second one 0.13; 0.15; 0.17; 0.19; 0.21% and 174, 183, 192, 200, 209 mEq/kg, respectively. At the end of each experimental period, data of productive performance, eggshell quality and excreta moisture were evaluated, and the last one was evaluated only in the first trial. The evaluated variables, in all experiments, were not influenced by sodium levels and dietary electrolyte balance. Therefore, it can be concluded that sodium level of .12%, for 205 mEq/kg diets, for laying hens in the first production period and the sodium level of 0.13%, for 174 mEq/kg diets, for laying hens in the second production cycle, were sufficient to provide a good productive performance and good egg shell quality.

Valor energético de alguns alimentos alternativos para codornas japonesas

The objective of this trial was to determine the energy value of oat, barley, cassava residue and linseed grain (whole and milled) for Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Three hundred and sixty 40-d male quails were assigned to a completely randomized design with six treatments (reference diet + five feedstuffs), six replications and ten birds per pen. The total feces collection was the used methodology. The feedstuffs evaluated were used at a level of 20% replacing the energy source of the reference diet (RD) that was based on corn and soybean meal. The gross energy metabolization coefficient (GEMC) of oat, barley and linseed were higher than the cassava residue. The GEMC (%), apparent metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) and apparent correct metabolizable energy values for nitrogen (kcal/kg) were, respectively: 75.37; 3,425 and 3,395 for oat milled; 75.73; 3,253 and 3,198 for barley milled; 70.76; 2,312 and 2,316 for cassava residue; 76.53; 3,774 and 3,704 for linseed whole; 76.75; 3,955 and 3,929 for linseed milled.

Desempenho e qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras comerciais alimentadas com rações contendo diferentes níveis de metionina e lisina

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of levels of methionine and lysine on performance and on the internal and external egg quality of commercial laying hens. It was used 256 Hisex White laying hens at 68 weeks of age, which were individually housed in a complete random design in a 4 o 4 factorial scheme with four levels of lysine (0.482, 0.682, 0.882, and 1.082%) and of methionine (0.225, 0.318, 0.411, and 0.505%) totaling sixteen diets with four replicates with four birds each. Performance was evaluated through the following characteristics: feed intake, consumption of lysine, methionine, crude protein and energy, weight, production and mass of eggs and feed conversion. Internal quality of eggs was evaluated through the characteristics of weight and yolk percentage and by Haugh unit. Birds showed maximal egg production when fed rations with 0.444% of total methionine and 0.872% total lysine. Rating of eggs by their types and internal and external quality of eggs were not influenced by levels of methionine and lysine in the diet.

Using processed feeds for laying quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

The aim of this experiment was to determine the productive performance and egg quality of Japanese quails fed different types of processed rations (mash, extruded, or pelleted). One hundred and fortyfour 18-w-old quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were housed in galvanized wire cages and fed a 21.50% CP and 2850 kcal ME/kg basal feed supplied in mash, extruded, or pelleted form. Experimental data were analyzed by ANOVA as a complete randomized design, with three treatments (ration forms) and six replicates of eight quails each. When necessary, means were compared by Tukeys test at 5% significance. Quails fed pelleted feed presented higher egg production, feed intake, and egg mass weight as compared to mash- and extruded-diet-fed birds. Under the conditions of the present experiment, it was possible to conclude that the feed physical form did not affect egg quality, except for pelleted diets, which promoted good production performance and high egg mass. However, the use of feed pelleting should be economically analyzed considering the final cost of egg production.