Antonio Claudio Furlan

Utilização do farelo de girassol na alimentação de frangos de corte

A trial was carried out to evaluate the broiler chicks performance fed with increasing sunflower meal levels. A total of 1200 one-day-old chicks were allotted in a completely randomized design with six treatments, four replicates and 50 birds by experimental unit. The treatments consisted on a corn, soybean meal based control diet (RT) and five others with 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% of soybean meal protein replacement by sunflower meal protein. A quadratic effect of the sunflower meal levels on feed gain at initial phase, on feed intake and average weight gain at growing phase and on weight gain at total period were observed. In isoenergetic and isoaminoacid diets for digestible methionine+cystine and lysine, the soybean meal protein can be replaced by the sunflower meal protein up to 30% level, which corresponds to nearly 15% of sunflower meal inclusion in the broiler chicks diets.

Efeito da suplementação enzimática em rações com farelo de soja e soja integral extrusada sobre a digestibilidade de nutrientes, o fluxo de nutrientes na digesta ileal e o desempenho de frangos

Tres experimentos foram realizados com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da suplementacao enzimatica em racoes a base de milho e soja sobre o desempenho (Experimento 1), a digestibilidade de nutrientes (Experimento 2) e o desempenho e o fluxo de nutrientes na digesta ileal (Experimento 3) em frangos de corte. No Experimento 1, para o calculo das racoes experimentais, a composicao quimica do farelo de soja (FS) e da soja integral extrusada (SIE) foi superestimada em 7% para os valores de EM e PB e 5% para Met, Met+Cis e Lis (Trat. C, D e E) e 9% para EM, 7% para PB e 5% para Met, Met+Cis e Lis (Trat. F, G e H), quando houve a adicao de enzimas (Allzyme Vegproâ e Allzyme Lipaseâ). Conclui-se que os valores de EM, PB e aminoacidos (Met, Met+Cis e Lis) da soja puderam ser superestimados em 9, 7 e 5%, respectivamente, quando houve a adicao de complexo multienzimatico (Allzyme Vegproâ) as racoes para frangos de corte (1-42 dias), sem prejuizo ao desempenho das aves. Os tratamentos utilizados nos experimentos 2 e 3 foram: A e B - racoes contendo farelo de soja (FS), sem e com adicao de complexo multienzimatico (Allzyme Vegproâ); e C e D - racoes contendo farelo de soja (FS) e soja integral extrusada (SIE), sem e com adicao de complexo multienzimatico (Allzyme Vegproâ). No experimento 2, nao foram observadas diferencas entre os tratamentos para os coeficientes de metabolizacao aparente de materia seca, proteina bruta, energia bruta e a EMAn. No Experimento 3, para os periodos inicial (1-21 dias de idade), de crescimento (22-42 dias de idade) e total (1-42 dias de idade), nao foram observadas diferencas no consumo de racao, no ganho de peso e na conversao alimentar das aves que receberam racoes suplementadas com enzimas. Na determinacao do fluxo de nutrientes na digesta ileal, nao foram verificadas diferencas entre os tratamentos estudados, aos 21 e 42 dias de idade.Tres experimentos foram realizados com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da suplementacao enzimatica em racoes a base de milho e soja sobre o desempenho (Experimento 1), a digestibilidade de nutrientes (Experimento 2) e o desempenho e o fluxo de nutrientes na digesta ileal (Experimento 3) em frangos de corte. No Experimento 1, para o calculo das racoes experimentais, a composicao quimica do farelo de soja (FS) e da soja integral extrusada (SIE) foi superestimada em 7% para os valores de EM e PB e 5% para Met, Met+Cis e Lis (Trat. C, D e E) e 9% para EM, 7% para PB e 5% para Met, Met+Cis e Lis (Trat. F, G e H), quando houve a adicao de enzimas (Allzyme Vegproâ e Allzyme Lipaseâ). Conclui-se que os valores de EM, PB e aminoacidos (Met, Met+Cis e Lis) da soja puderam ser superestimados em 9, 7 e 5%, respectivamente, quando houve a adicao de complexo multienzimatico (Allzyme Vegproâ) as racoes para frangos de corte (1-42 dias), sem prejuizo ao desempenho das aves. Os tratamentos utilizados nos experimentos 2 e 3 foram: A e B - racoes contendo farelo de soja (FS), sem e com adicao de complexo multienzimatico (Allzyme Vegproâ); e C e D - racoes contendo farelo de soja (FS) e soja integral extrusada (SIE), sem e com adicao de complexo multienzimatico (Allzyme Vegproâ). No experimento 2, nao foram observadas diferencas entre os tratamentos para os coeficientes de metabolizacao aparente de materia seca, proteina bruta, energia bruta e a EMAn. No Experimento 3, para os periodos inicial (1-21 dias de idade), de crescimento (22-42 dias de idade) e total (1-42 dias de idade), nao foram observadas diferencas no consumo de racao, no ganho de peso e na conversao alimentar das aves que receberam racoes suplementadas com enzimas. Na determinacao do fluxo de nutrientes na digesta ileal, nao foram verificadas diferencas entre os tratamentos estudados, aos 21 e 42 dias de idade.

Efeito da utilização de oligossacarídeo manose e acidificantes sobre o desempenho de coelhos em crescimento

A trial was carried out to verify the effects of the addition of fumaric acid, oligosaccharide mannose (BIO-MOS®), acidifiers (ACID-ALL® ) and oligosaccharide + acidifiers in diets growing rabbits on performance. One hundred NZW rabbits, 50 males and 50 females from 39 to 75 days old, distributed in a randomized experimental design with five treatments, 10 replications and two animals by experimental unit. In the period from 39-50 and 39-75 days of experiment none of these performance characteristics was affected by inclusion of oligosaccharide mannose, acidifiers and oligosaccharide +acidifiers did not influence the performance of growing rabbits.

Influence of Delayed Placement and Dietary Lysine Levels on Small Intestine Morphometrics and Performance of Broilers

This experiment studied the influence of delayed placement (HI) and digestible lysine level (DL) on the morphometrics of the intestinal mucosa and on the performance of broilers. A total number of 1,705 Cobb 500 male chicks were used in a completely randomized experimental design in a factorial arrangement with four HI (12, 24, 36 and 48h), and two DL level in the starter diet (1.143 and 1.267%), with four replicates and 55 birds per experimental unit. The amino acids methionine-cystine, threonine, and tryptophan were balanced according to the ideal protein (IP) concept. Small intestine morphometrics was evaluated using histology slides of the duodenum and jejunum. There was no interaction between HI and DL levels for any of the studied parameters. The 1.143% level of DL promoted better performance results at 21 and 42 days of age, as well as higher duodenum and jejunum crypt depth, and duodenum villi height at 21 days of age. HI negatively influenced the morphometrics of the small intestine during the starter phase, and the performance of broilers up to 42 days of age. There was no effect of the treatments on yolk sac utilization or abdominal fat percentage. It was concluded that the use of 1.143% DL and HI of 12 hours promoted better development of the small intestine mucosa up to 21 days of age, and broiler performance at market age.

Valor nutritivo e desempenho de leitões alimentados com rações contendo silagem de grãos úmidos de milho

A digestibility assay was carried out to determine the dry matter apparent digestibility coefficients (DMDC), crude protein (CPDC), starch (SDC), gross energy (GEDC) and gross energy metabolization coefficient (GEMC) of high moisture corn silage (HMCS). Twelve crossbred (Landrace x Large-White x Duroc) castrated males were allotted to metabolism cages, in a completely randomized design. The total feces and urine collection method was used. The values of digestible dry matter (DDM), digestible protein (DP), digestible starch (DS), digestible energy (DE), and metabolizable energy (ME) of HMCS were 48.70, 3.77, 42.35%, and 2,389 and 3,327 kcal/kg, respectively, based on natural matter (60.18% DM). The experiment 2 was carried out to evaluate piglet performance and economic viability of diets with different substitution levels of dry yellow corn by HMCS. Forty-eight cross-breed (Landrace x Large-White x Duroc) piglets were used. The piglets were divided into four treatments in a completely randomized design, with six experimental units and two piglets per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal corn-soybean meal diet and three diets with increasing dry yellow corn substitution by HMCS levels (33, 66 and 100%), based on the digestible energy content of dry yellow corn and HMCS. There was no effect of increasing levels of HMCS on daily weight gain and daily feed intake. Linear reduction on feed conversion and diet cost per kilogram of weight gain was observed. Data indicate that dry corn can be completely replaced by HMCS on piglets diets, with improvement on performance and economic index.

Exigência de Lisina para Machos Castrados de Dois Grupos Genéticos de Suínos na Fase de Terminação, com Base no Conceito de Proteína Ideal

A trial was carried out to determine lysine requirements for castrated males during finishing phase of two genetic swine groups, based on the ideal protein concept. Sixteen animals from genetic common group (GCG) were used and another sixteen, from the genetic improved group (GIG) were allotted to four treatments. The treatment consisted on a basal diets, based on corn and soybean meal containing 0.60% of lysine and other three diet, adding increasing lysine levels to achieve 0.75, 0.90 and 1.05% of total lysine. Synthetic amino acids were added (L-lysine HCl, DL-methionine, L-threonine and L-tryptophan) to keep amino acid levels according to the ideal protein profile. The plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) concentrations were recorded. The carcass traits were done with in vivo pigs using the Sono Grader ultra sound equipment. At the end of the experimental period, 12 animals were slaughtered and their carcasses were evaluated according to the Brazilian Method of Carcass Classification. It was observed no effect of lysine levels (LL) on PUN for different genetic groups. Lysine requirement for GIG pigs, during finishing phase (53 to 92 kg of live weight), is over 1.05%, whereas for GCG (50 to 90 kg of live weight) is 0.60% of total lysine.

Exigências nutricionais de cálcio e fósforo de codornas de corte em crescimento

Three experiments were carried out to estimate the calcium and phosphorus requirements of meat quail. In the first experiment (1-14 days of age), 1,250 meat quails were placed in a 5 × 5 factorial arrangement (calcium levels = 0.65, 0.76, 0.87, 0.98 and 1.09% × phosphorus levels = 0.12, 0.22, 0.32, 0.42 and 0.52%), totaling 25 treatments, with two replications of 25 birds per experimental unit. The different calcium levels did not affect bird performance. Body weight, weight gain and optic density were influenced in a quadratic form by phosphorus levels and the phosphorus requirement was estimated at 0.41%. The levels of 0.65% calcium and 0.41% phosphorus in diet were enough to meet the requirement of initial phase meat quail. In the second experiment (15-35 days of age), 1,500 meat quails were placed in a 5 × 5 factorial arrangement (calcium levels = 0.61, 0.71, 0.81, 0.91 and 1.01% × phosphorus levels = 0.29, 0.34, 0.39, 0.44 and 0.49%), totaling 25 treatments, with two replications of 30 birds per experimental unit. Differences were not observed of the calcium and phosphorus levels on bird performance. Optic density was influenced in a quadratic form by phosphorus levels and the phosphorus requirement was estimated at 0.41%. In the third experiment, to assess the calcium and phosphorus balance (28-35 days of age), a linear effect was observed on the calcium intake and excretion with the increase in the calcium levels in the diets. The levels of 0.61% calcium and 0.41% phosphorus in the diet were enough to meet the requirement of finishing meat quail. The calcium levels did not affect bird performance at 1-14 and 15-35 days of age, showing, respectively, 0.65 and 0.61% calcium levels were enough to meet the of meat quail requirement. The estimate of 0.41% phosphorus promoted performance of finishing meat quail.

Avaliação da silagem de grãos úmidos de milho na alimentação de eqüinos em crescimento: valor nutricional e desempenho

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os efeitos de diferentes porcentagens do sabugo (0, 5, 10 e 20%) na materia verde (MV) e de quatro periodos de amostragem (zero, dois, quatro e seis dias apos a abertura dos silos) sobre a qualidade da silagem de graos umidos de milho ( Zea mays L.). O arranjo fatorial 5 x 4 foi estudado segundo delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com tres repeticoes. Nao houve efeito do periodo de amostragem sobre as variaveis estudadas. A capacidade-tampao e o pH nao foram afetados pela presenca do sabugo, e o teor de carboidratos soluveis e N amoniacal aumentaram em ate 1,2 e 1,89 unidade percentual, respectivamente, em relacao a silagem exclusiva de graos de milho. O aumento na porcentagem de sabugo reduziu os teores de materia seca (MS) (de 63,9% para 58,6%), proteina bruta (PB) (de 10,0% para 7,3%), extrato etereo (EE) (de 4,87% para 3,92%) e os valores da digestibilidade in vitro de materia seca (DIVMS) (de 90,5% para 79,1%) das silagens, e aumentou os teores da fibra em detergente acido (FDA) (de 3,3% para 12,9%) e da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) (de 15,16% para 26,1%). Os valores de energia bruta (EB) nao foram afetados (P>0,01) pela presenca do sabugo nas silagens.

Utilização da casca de café na alimentação de suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação

Two experiments were carried out to determine the nutritional values of sticky (SC) and dry coffee hulls (DC) and their effects on the performance and carcass quality of growing and finishing pigs. The hulls were ground in 2.5 mm (for SC2 and DC2) and 4.0 mm (SC4 and DC4). In Exp 1, two digestibility assays were carried out with 15 barrow pigs weighting 45.7 ± 4.12 kg and 77.5 ± 6.28 kg for growing and finishing phases, respectively. The digestible energy (DE) values (kcal/kg) for SC2, SC4, DC2 and DC4 were 2,494, 2498, 1,236 and 1,345. The values of the SC showed DE values superior to DC, however, the grinding process did not improved the DE values. In experiment 2, 40 crossbred pigs were used, averaging initially 33.42 ± 0.53 kg and 59.45 ± 0.14 kg in the growing and finishing phases, respectively. Five SC4 inclusion levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) were evaluated. In the growing phase, the daily feed intake (DFI) presented differences for 20% inclusion level when compared with control diet (CD). There was a linear decrease on daily weight gain (DWG) when DC4 increase on diet and F: G ratio was the same for CM4 inclusions and CD. In the finishing phase, there was a linear reduction of DFI with the increasing inclusion SC4 level. There was quadratic effect for DWG, which was better in the inclusion of 8.43%. The backfat thickness values in SC4 treatments were lower as compared to CD in both phases. There was a linear reduction of hot carcass weight and ham weight in the inclusion levels. The hot carcass yielding worst in each inclusion levels as compared to CD. The results suggest that the inclusion up to 5.0% of SC4 in the growing phase and 9.5% in the finishing phase, because it is economically viable with no effect on performance, besides to produce lean meat carcasses.

Lysine requirement of starting barrows from two genetic groups fed on low crude protein diets

A trial was carried out to determine the lysine req uirement for starting barrows fed on ideal protein concept-based diets. Thirty-two pigs from a commercial crossbred genetic group (CCGG, BW=15.9 ± 1.4 kg) and 32 pigs from a dam line one (DLGG, BW= 14.8 ± 1.0 kg) were used. Pigs were allotted to 4 treatme nts with diets containing increasing levels of total lysine (0.80, 1.00, 1.20 and 1.40%). Methionine+cystine, threonine and tryp tophan were adjusted according to ideal protein profile. Data f rom performance, plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) and car cass composition were analyzed. CCGG showed higher daily feed intake, daily weight gain, PUN and protein:fa t ratio in carcass, while DLGG showed higher fat carcass conte nt and nitrogen retention. Fat content and protein: fat ratio in carcass for CCCGG and PUN and crude protein carcass content for DLGG showed quadratic response to increasing total lysine levels. Derivations of the quadratic equations indicated the total lysine requ irement for CCGG starting barrows is 1.15% and for DLGG startin g barrows is 1.09%.