Marcin Nobis

New national and regional bryophyte records, 39

New national and regional bryophyte records, 39 L. T. Ellis, O. M. Afonina, A. K. Asthana, R. Gupta, V. Sahu, V. Nath, N. Batan, H. Bednarek-Ochyra, A. Benitez, P. Erzberger, V. E. Fedosov, P. Gorski, S. R. Gradstein, N. Gremmen, T. Hallingback, M. Hagstrom, H. Kockinger, M. Lebouvier, L. Meinunger, C. Nemeth, M. Nobis, A. Nowak, T. Ozdemir, J. Pantovic, A. Sabovljevic, M. S. Sabovljevic, P. Pawlikowski, V. Plasek, L. Cihal, J. Sawicki, C. Sergio, P. Ministro, C. A. Garcia, V. R. Smith, S. Ştefănuţ, S. Stow, G. M. Suarez, J. R. Flores, L. Thouvenot, J. Vaňa, J. van Rooy, R. H. Zander Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, U.K., V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Bryology Laboratory, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India, Macka Vocational School, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey, Laboratory of Bryology, Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland, Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Loja, Ecuador, Berlin, Germany, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, Department of Botany, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Department Systematique et Evolution, Paris, France, Hesselstraat 11, 7981 CD Diever, The Netherlands, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Species Information Centre, Uppsala, Sweden, Roseggergasse 12, Weisskirchen, Austria, CNRS UMR 6553, Universite de Rennes 1, France, Ludwigsstadt, Germany, Corvinus University Budapest, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Hungary, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland, University of Opole, Poland, Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, University of Belgrade, Serbia, Department of Plant Ecology and Environmental Conservation, Institute of Botany, University of Warsaw, Poland, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland, Museu Nacional de Historia Natural e da Ciencia/Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Botany, University of Stellenbosch, Republic of South Africa, Institute of Biology of Bucharest Romanian Academy, Romania, Durrell Institute of Conservation & Ecology, School of Anthropology & Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, U.N.T., San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina, 11 rue Saint Leon, Perpignan, France, 30 Department of Botany, Charles University, Czech Republic, National Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, USA

Contribution to the flora of Asian and European countries: new national and regional vascular plant records, 4.

Abstract The paper presents new records for 20 vascular plant species from eight Asian and two European countries. Five taxa (Artemisia campestris, Artemisia tanacetifolia, Delphinium sajanense, Diarthron vasiculosum var. undulatum, Epilobium adenocaulon) are reported from Kazakhstan, four (Deyeuxia yanyuanensis, Poa arnoldii, Stipa gracilis, Stipa macroglossa subsp. kazachstanica) from China, three (Nepeta pamirensis, Silene bucharica, Scrophularia pamiro-alaica) from Uzbekistan, two (Epilobium nervosum, Stellaria zolotukhinii) from Mongolia, two (Oenothera deflexa, Scirpus georgianus) from Poland, one (Coronopus didymus) from Tajikistan, one (Orobanche rumseiana) from Italy, one (Stipa macroglossa subsp. kazachstanica) from Kyrgyzstan, one (Poa polozhiae) from Russia, and one (Agrostis rupestris) from Azerbaijan. All of these taxa are new to the floras of listed Asian and European countries or its regions (as it is in the case of China or Russia). Four of the presented taxa (Coronopus didymus, Epilobium adenocaulon, Oenothera deflexa and Scirpus georgianus) are regarded as alien to the studied areas, whereas the other 16 are new native elements to the flora of the countries. For each species synonyms, general distribution, habitat preferences, taxonomy with remarks on recognition and differentiation of the species from the most similar occurring in a given country, as well as a list of localities recorded (often far from the previously known areas) are presented. In the case of Orobanche rumseiana, a new variety O. rumseiana var. sarda R. Piwowarczyk and A. Pujadas is described and illustrated.

New national and regional bryophyte records, 41

Dicranum spurium has been recorded for the first time in Croatia. In neighbouring countries it is known from Italy, Slovenia, Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro (Cortini Pedrotti, 1992 ; Sabovljevic´ et al., 2008 ; Papp et al., 2010). In Hungary, it is treated as VU (vulnerable) (Papp et al., 2010), in Montenegro as DD (data-deficient) (Sabovljevic´ et al., 2004), and further in the Balkans as EN (endangered) in Romania (Stefanut¸ & Goia, 2012). Dicranum spurium was found on Papuk Mountain (northeastern Croatia). Ninety-five per cent of Papuk Mountain is covered by forest vegetation, the yearly mean temperature is between 8 and 11C, and annual precipitation varies between 800 and 1300 mm. Almost the whole of the mountain is protected as a Nature Park. The locality in Svinjarevac where D. spurium occurred is beech forest (Fagus sylvatica L.), unique in Croatia, with a dense cover of Sphagnum quinquefarium (Braithw.) Warnst. on the forest floor. The bedrock is quartzite and gneiss, sloping between 35 and 45, and exposed to the northwest. This Fagus-Sphagnum quinquefarium forest was spread over 2.4 ha., with a poorly developed layer of herbaceous plants. Sphagnum platyphyllum was recorded during an extensive survey of spruce forests throughout Croatia. It was found in Stirovaca, a plateau in the central part of Velebit Mountain. The locality for this first record of S. platyphyllum for Croatia is just near the border of the Northern Velebit National Park (The whole Velebit Mountain is protected as a Nature Park). According to Dull et al. (1999), Sabovljevic (2006), and Sabovljevic et al. (2008), the species has not been recorded from Croatia, although it is known to occur in neighbouring countries: Italy, Slovenia, Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Serbia (Cortini Pedrotti, 1992 ; Sabovljevic et al., 2008 ; Papp et al., 2010). In many of these countries, it is red listed: as VU (vulnerable) in Hungary, Slovenia, and Serbia (Martincicc, 1992 ; Sabovljevic et al., 2004 ; Papp et al., 2010) and further in the Balkans as NT (near threatened) in Romania (Stefanut & Goia, 2012). This part of Velebit Mountain is characterized by cool and long winters, with 1900 mm average annual precipitation and an average annual temperature of 3.5C. The natural vegetation consists of beech-fir and spruce forests and some of the forest stands are still primeval. Sphagnum platyphyllum occurred in a wet spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.) forest, where it grew in dense carpets covering the forest floor and the banks of shallow depressions (ca 100 m2) filled with water. The collection site in Stirovaca is the only known locality for this unique spruce forest community with peat mosses in Croatia. Sphagnum teres was found at two localities in Croatia, in or near the National Park Plitvicka jezera lakes, but in different habitats within the belt of beech-fir forests. The climate is moderately temperate, with 1500 mm annual precipitation and an average temperature of 7.9C. This is the first record of this species for Croatia, although in the neighbouring countries, it is known from Italy, Slovenia, Hungary and Serbia, and further to the south-east, in FYR Macedonia, Bulgaria and Greece (Papp et al., 2010 ; Sabovljevic et al., 2008). S. teres has been recently recorded as new for Albania (Marka & Sabovljevic, 2011), Bosnia- Herzegovina (Sabovljevic´ et al., 2010) and Montenegro (Martincic, 2006), and is red listed as CR (critically endangered) in Hungary (Papp et al., 2010), and as VU (vulnerable) in Serbia (Sabovljevic et al., 2004). The first locality, Ljeskovacˇke bare, is within the National Park Plitvicka jezera lakes. Here, the species occurred in transitional peat bog belonging to the community Drosero-Caricetum echinatae and occupying an area of ca 1 ha., S. teres was the dominant Sphagnum species. Sphagnum squarrosum Crome, S. palustre L., S. centrale C.E.O.Jensen and S. flexuosum Dozy & Molk. were also relatively abundant. The bog is wet throughout the year, but mostly without open water. Depending on the amount of precipitation, it can be flooded during winter and spring. The bog is not shaded ; it is completely exposed to the sun, but partially overgrown by Molinia coerulea Moench, which is mowed in the management of the Park. Some other species characteristic for this site were Drosera rotundifolia L., Carex echinata Murray, C. lasiocarpa Ehrh., and Menyanthes trifoliata L. The second locality, Vrhovinsko polje, is situated near the eastern border of Plitvicˇka jezera lakes National Park. It is a typical karst field, with the lowest, central part periodically flooded during winter and early spring. It is covered with grassland vegetation of different communities reflecting gradients of water and soil pH. The flora was very rich. In the lowest part of the field were several shallow depressions with a perimeter of 10–20 m overgrown by sedges, mostly Carex vesicaria L. On the edges of these depressions were scattered peat moss hummocks of Sphagnum palustre L., S. capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw., and S. subnitens Russow & Warnst. Among them, S. teres (Schimp.) Angstr. also occured, but in much lower abundance.

Invasive plants affect arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi abundance and species richness as well as the performance of native plants grown in invaded soils

We studied the effects of invasions by three plant species: Reynoutria japonica, Rudbeckia laciniata, and Solidago gigantea, on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities in habitats located within and outside river valleys. Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization, AMF abundance and species richness in soils were assessed in adjacent plots with invaders and native vegetation. We also quantified the performance (expressed as shoot mass, chlorophyll fluorescence, and the concentration of elements in shoots) of two common, mycorrhizal native plants, Plantago lanceolata and Trifolium repens, grown in these soils. The invasions of R. japonica, R. laciniata, and S. gigantea influenced AMF communities compared to native vegetation, but the changes depended on the mycorrhizal status of invaders. The effects of non-mycorrhizal R. japonica were the most pronounced. Its invasion reduced AMF abundance and species richness. In the plots of both mycorrhizal plants, R. laciniata and S. gigantea, we observed decreased AMF species richness in comparison to native vegetation. The AMF community alterations could be due to (i) depletion of organic C inputs to AMF in the case of R. japonica, (ii) plant secondary metabolites that directly inhibit or selectively stimulate AMF species, or (iii) changes in soil physicochemical properties induced by invasions. The effect of invasion on AMF abundance and species richness did not generally differ between valley and outside-valley habitats. The invasions affected photosynthetic performance and the concentrations of elements in the shoots of P. lanceolata or T. repens. However, the directions and magnitude of their response depended on both species identity and the mycorrhizal status of invaders.

New national and regional bryophyte records, 42

New national and regional bryophyte records, 42 L. T. Ellis, M. Aleffi, V. A. Bakalin, H. Bednarek-Ochyra, A. Bergamini, P. Beveridge, S. S. Choi, V. E. Fedosov, R. Gabriel, M. T. Gallego, S. Grdović, R. Gupta, V. Nath, A. K. Asthana, L. Jennings, H. Kürschner, M. Lebouvier, M. C. Nair, K. M. Manjula, K. P. Rajesh, M. Nobis, A. Nowak, S. J. Park, B.-Y. Sun, V. Plášek, L. Čı́hal, S. Poponessi, M. G. Mariotti, A. Sabovljević, M. S. Sabovljević, J. Sawicki, N. Schnyder, R. Schumacker, M. Sim-Sim, D. K. Singh, D. Singh, S. Majumdar, S. Singh Deo, S. Ştefănuţ, M. Suleiman, C. M. Seng, M. S. Chua, J. Váňa, R. Venanzoni, E. Bricchi, M. J. Wigginton Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK, University of Camerino, Camerino (MC), Italy, Botanical Garden-Institute, Vladivostok, Russia, Laboratory of Bryology, Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Biodiversity & Conservation Biology, Birmensdorf, Switzerland, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon, Korea, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, Azorean Biodiversity Group — CITAA, DCA — University of the Azores, Portugal, Departamento de Biologı́a Vegetal (Botánica), Universidad de Murcia, Spain, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India, Conservation Biogeography and Macroecology Group, SGE — University of Oxford, UK, Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Systematische Botanik und Pflanzengeographie, Germany, CNRS UMR 6553, Université de Rennes 1, France, Department of Botany, The Zamorin’s Guruvayurappan College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland, University of Opole, Poland, Department of Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic, University of Genova, Genova, Italy, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, University of Belgrade, Serbia, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland, Institut für Systematische Botanik, Universität Zürich, Switzerland, Department of Botany, University of Liège, Belgium, Centre for Environmental Biology, University of Lisbon, Portugal, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata, India, Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, Howrah, India, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, Romania, Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, University Malaysia, Sabah, Malaysia, Department of Botany, Charles University, Czech Republic, University of Perugia, Italy, Warmington, Peterborough, UK

Root-inhabiting fungi in alien plant species in relation to invasion status and soil chemical properties

In order to recognize interactions between alien vascular plants and soil microorganisms and thus better understand the mechanisms of plant invasions, we examined the mycorrhizal status, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization rate, arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) morphology and presence of fungal root endophytes in 37 non-native species in Central Europe. We also studied the AMF diversity and chemical properties of soils from under these species. The plant and soil materials were collected in southern Poland. We found that 35 of the species formed AM and their mycorrhizal status depended on species identity. Thirty-three taxa had AM of Arum-type alone. Lycopersicon esculentum showed intermediate AM morphology and Eragrostis albensis developed both Arum and Paris. The mycelia of dark septate endophytes (DSE) were observed in 32 of the species, while sporangia of Olpidium spp. were found in the roots of 10. Thirteen common and worldwide occurring AMF species as well as three unidentified spore morphotypes were isolated from trap cultures established with the soils from under the plant species. Claroideoglomus claroideum, Funneliformis mosseae and Septoglomus constrictum were found the most frequently. The presence of root-inhabiting fungi and the intensity of their colonization were not correlated with soil chemical properties, plant invasion status, their local abundance and habitat type. No relationships were also found between the presence of AMF, DSE and Olpidium spp. These suggest that other edaphic conditions, plant and fungal species identity or the abundance of these fungi in soils might have an impact on the occurrence and intensity of fungal root colonization in the plants under study.

Species-specific effects of plant invasions on activity, biomass, and composition of soil microbial communities

This study assessed the effects of Reynoutria japonica, Rudbeckia laciniata, and Solidago gigantea invading sites within and outside river valleys on activity, biomass, and composition of soil microbial communities. Microbial properties such as soil respiration, urease and arylsulfatase activities, microbial biomass (based on substrate-induced respiration, or SIR, and phospholipid fatty acids, or PLFA), and community composition (based on PLFA) were determined. R. japonica encroached on sites characterized by the lowest values of microbiological properties and R. laciniata on sites with the highest microbiological quality. The effect of invasion on soil microbial properties depended on the invasive plant species. R. japonica significantly decreased microbial biomass, determined by both SIR and total PLFA, urease activity, fungal PLFA, fungal:bacterial PLFA ratio, gram-negative bacterial PLFA, and soil respiration in comparison to soil under adjacent native plant communities. Microbial community composition also differed between soils under R. japonica and those under native plants. In contrast, R. laciniata and S. gigantea did not influence most microbial properties, though S. gigantea significantly increased fungal PLFA and R. laciniata and S. gigantea increased fungal:bacterial PLFA ratio. The effects of plant invasion on microbial properties were basically similar in soils located within and outside river valleys, probably because initially (i.e., before invasion) soils from the two locations were largely similar in terms of basic properties such as texture, moisture, pH, C:N ratio, and most microbial properties.

New national and regional bryophyte records, 43

1. Acaulon mediterraneum LimprContributor: R. NatchevaBulgaria: Blagoevgrad region, Belasitsa Nature Park, south of the road between the villages of Razdak and Drangovo, on soil in pasture, 41.3981...

Taxonomic Revision of the Central Asian Stipa tianschanica Complex (Poaceae) with Particular Reference to the Epidermal Micromorphology of the Lemma

Morphological investigations were conducted on four taxa of the Stipa tianschanica complex occurring in Central Asia. The main objective of the study was to survey the micromorphological characters of the lemma in the complex by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to assess their taxonomic value and to compare the variation with the recent treatment based on macromorphological traits. The main lemma epidermal characters studied included the frequency, shape and distribution of long cells, hooks, prickles and macrohairs. A principal component analysis of macromorphological traits revealed correlations with micromorphological characters and with the geographical distribution of the specimens examined. On this basis, three species, namely S. tianschanica, S. klemenzii and S. austromongolica, and one additional subspecies, S. tianschanica subsp. gobica, are recognized in Central Asia. Stipa austromongolica is described here as a species new to science. The lectotype for S. tianschanica is designated here as well. Morphological descriptions, synonyms, distribution maps, citations of representative specimens and an identification key are provided.

New national and regional bryophyte records, 48

Andreaea rothii has been recorded for the first time in Croatia. It is a boreo-temperate suboceanic species (Hill et al., 2007) relatively rare in SE Europe, since it is known only from Romania (Ellis et al., 2014d), Slovenia and Serbia (Sabovljevic´ et al., 2008 ; Hodgetts, 2015). The species was found in the Papuk Mountains, situated in the mainly lowland area of NE Croatia. In this region Papuk is the largest and highest mountain range, with peaks between 800 and 900 m a.s.l. They are characterized by high geological diversity dominated by metamorphic rocks, such as different types of schists, as well as granites. The climate is temperate, moderately warm without an explicit dry period. About 60% of the almost totally forested area is covered by different communities of beech forests. The well-developed black patches of A. rothii cover an area ca 2 m× 0.5 m on a steep north-facing cliff on the edge of an acidothermophilic sessile oak (Quercus petraea agg.) forest. The specimens of A. rothii grew on the bare rock with the following bryophyte species: Cynodontium polycarpon (Hedw.) Schimp., Dicranella heteromalla (Hedw.) Schimp., Dicranum scoparium Hedw., Polytrichum piliferum Schreb. ex Hedw. and Rhabdoweisia (cf.) fugax (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. The population is very small with an extremely high risk of extinction, therefore we propose CR as Red List status for the taxon in Croatia. According to the last checklist of the moss flora of Croatia (Sabovljevic´, 2006), only Andreaea rupestris Hedw., collected from just one locality in 1927 (Horvat, 1932 and ZA), was reported for the genus. The locality is very interesting from the point of view of the vegetation of Croatia, because it is within 100 m of the second stand of Fagus sylvatica L.-Sphagnum quinquefarium (Braithw.) Warnst. forest (Alegro et al., 2015). The second occurrence of Dicranum spurium Hedw. (Ellis et al., 2014d) and Rhabdoweisia fugax (Papp et al., 2013) in Croatia are also found here. Another interesting moss is S. capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw., that forms small red patches within the thick carpets of S. quinquefarium under the open oulder scree forest in the neighbourhood.