Marcus Vinicius Henriques Brito

Histological analysis of low-intensity laser therapy effects in peripheral nerve regeneration in Wistar rats

PURPOSE Analyze the influence of low-intensity laser therapy in the sciatic nerve regeneration of rats submitted to controlled crush through histological analysis. METHODS Were used 20 Wistar rats, to analyze the influence of low-intensity laser therapy in the sciatic nerve regeneration, where the injury of the type axonotmesis was induced by a haemostatic clamp Crile (2nd level of the rack). The animals were randomly distributed in 2 groups. Control group (CG n = 10) and Laser group (LG n = 10). These were subdivided in 2 subgroups each, according to the euthanasia period: (CG14 - n = 5 and CG21 - n = 5) and (LG14 - n = 5 and LG21 - n = 5). At the end of treatment, the samples were removed and prepared for histological analysis, where were analyzed and quantified the following findings: Schwann cells, myelinic axons with large diameter and neurons. RESULTS In the groups submitted to low-intensity laser therapy, were observed an increase in the number of all analyzed aspects with significance level. CONCLUSION The irradiation with low intensity laser (904nm) influenced positively the regeneration of the sciatic nerve in Wistar rats after being injured by crush (axonotmesis), becoming the nerve recovery more rapid and efficient.

Efeito do óleo de copaíba nos níveis séricos de uréia e creatinina em ratos submetidos à síndrome de isquemia e reperfusão renal

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do oleo de copaiba nos niveis sericos de ureia e creatinina em ratos submetidos a sindrome de isquemia e reperfusao renal. METODOS: Foram utilizados 18 ratos (Rattus norvegicus albinus),da linhagem Wistar, femeas, adultas, entre 90 e 120 dias de idade, pesando ente 200g e 250g, distribuidos em dois grupos: Isquemia e Reperfusao (GIR), e Isquemia e Reperfusao Copaiba (GIRC). Os animais dos dois grupos foram submetidos a isquemia renal, de ambos os rins, por 50 minutos, seguida de reperfusao por 24, 48 e 72 horas, com posterior coleta de sangue e analise dos niveis sericos de ureia e creatinina. No GIRC, realizou-se, alem da isquemia e reperfusao, a administracao diaria do oleo de copaiba na dose de 0,63 ml/kg, por gavagem, sete dias antes do procedimento de isquemia renal. RESULTADOS: Foi observada uma diminuicao estatisticamente significante dos niveis sericos de ureia no GIRC em 24 e 48 horas de reperfusao renal e uma diminuicao do nivel serico de creatinina no GIRC em 48 horas de reperfusao renal quando comparados com o grupo Controle. CONCLUSAO: Segundo os procedimentos aplicados, o oleo de copaiba diminuiu os niveis sericos de ureia em 24 horas e 48 horas e os de creatinina nas 48 horas apos o procedimento de isquemia e reperfusao renal em ratos.

Effect of copaiba oil on correction of abdominal wall defect treated with the use of polypropylene/polyglecaprone mesh

PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of copaiba oil on the correction of abdominal defect treated with the use of polypropylene/polyglecaprone mesh in rats. METHODS A defect in the abdominal wall was created and corrected with polypropylene/polyglecaprone mesh in 36 rats. They were randomly distributed into three groups: control, copaiba by oral administration (gavage) and copaiba oil dip in the mesh. Euthanasia was performed after seven, 14 and 21 post-operative days. The healing process was analyzed regarding the meshes and macroscopic and microscopic aspects. RESULTS All animals had abdominal adhesions, which were smaller in the copaiba (gavage) group (p<0.05). In microscopy, all animals had an acute inflammation stage and the inflammatory response was best characterized by foreign body-type granulomas around the mesh fragments, which was not found in the mesh fragments within the copaiba dip group. There was a greater area of necrosis and fibrosis in the copaiba dip group compared to the control group (p<0.05). The copaiba (gavage) group had a greater quantity of collagen fibers compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Copaiba oil administered by gavage decreased the amount of abdominal adhesions, besides accelerating the process of collagen fibers formation, without damages within the early stages of healing. However, when used by dip directly on the mesh, it had corrosive effects compromising the healing process of the abdominal wall.

Combined remote ischemic perconditioning and local postconditioning on liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.

BACKGROUND Remote ischemic perconditioning (rPER) is the newest technique described to mitigate ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury. Local postconditioning (POS) is also an effective technique for this purpose. It is uncertain if adding local POS to rPER provides superior liver protection, so we tested this hypothesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty five Wistar rats were assigned into five groups: sham, IR, POS, rPER, and rPER + POS. Animals were subjected to liver ischemia for 60 min. POS consisted of four cycles of 5-min liver perfusion followed by 5-min liver ischemia (40 min total) after the major ischemic period. rPER consisted of four cycles of 5-min hindlimb ischemia followed by 5 min hindlimb perfusion contemporaneously to major liver ischemic period, during its last 40 min. After 2 h, median and left lobes were harvested for malondialdehyde and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) measurement, and blood for the measurement of serum transaminases. RESULTS All tissue conditioning techniques were able to reduce transaminases serum levels, having no differences among them. All tissue conditioning techniques were able to reduce hepatic tissue MDA level; however, only rPER + POS had higher values than SHAM. All tissue conditioning techniques also enhanced TEAC; however, only POS had lower TEAC than SHAM. CONCLUSIONS rPER appears as the most promising technique to avoid IR injury. This technique reduced oxidative stress of cell membranes and lowered transaminases serum level. There was no additive protection when POS and rPER were held together.

Níveis séricos de aminotransferases, bilirrubinas e gama-glutamil transpeptidase após a admininstração de óleo de copaíba em ratos

Copaiba oil is a oil-resin used as a phytotherapic in Amazon region in a folkloric way. This use is empirical and little is known about its effect in the organic systems. Objective: To determine serum levels of aminotransferases, bilirrubins and gama-glutamyl transpeptidase after copaiba oil administration. Methods: Male Wistar rats (n=20) divided in two groups of 10 animals: Group Cop which received a daily oral administration of copaiba oil, 0.63ml/kg, during 5 days; Group P in which any substance was administrated. In the sixth day the animals of both groups were submitted to inalatory anesthesia, laparotomy and collection of blood samples (3ml) from inferior vena cava for the determination of serum aminotransferases, bilirrubins and gama-glutamyl transpeptidase levels. Results: The results were compared between groups and analyzed by t-Student test. Group Cop showed AST, ALT and GGT levels significantly decreased when compared with Gruop P (p<0.01), while total bilirrubins levels increased by its direct fraction. Conclusion: Copaiba oil can alter serum levels of aminotransferases, bilirrubins and gama-glutamyl transpeptidase, showing a possible interaction between this substance and liver, but this considerations require posterior evalutaion.

Lesão intestinal após isquemia-reperfusão: estudo comparativo usando sal tetrazólico (MTT) e histologia

Varios metodos sao utilizados para avaliar e estimar as lesoes intestinais de isquemia e reperfusao (IR). Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho e realizar o estudo comparativo dos aspectos colorimetrico e histologico da lesao intestinal apos IR. Para tal, foram utilizados 30 ratos Wistar, machos, pesando entre 310 a 410g, distribuidos em 3 grupos: Grupo Controle (GC), Grupo Isquemia e Reperfusao-1 (GIR-1) e Grupo Isquemia e Reperfusao-3 (GIR-3), com 10 animais cada. Nos grupos GIR-1 e GIR-3 foi realizada isquemia intestinal, por meio de falsa ligadura da arteria mesenterica anterior, durante 30 minutos e apos esta a perfusao sanguinea foi restaurada. Estes animais foram submetidos a eutanasia apos 1 e 3 dias de reperfusao, respectivamente, sendo colhido material para realizacao dos estudos colorimetrico, usando o Methyl Thiazolyl Blue (MTT) e histologico pela hematoxilina e eosina. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram uma menor proporcao de celulas viaveis e um maior grau de lesao da tunica mucosa nos animais do grupo GIR-3 em relacao ao controle (p<0,05). Desta forma os autores concluem que o estudo colorimetrico, usando o MTT, mostrou-se tao eficaz e confiavel quanto o estudo histologico na avaliacao das repercussoes intestinais produzidas pela IR deste orgao.

The effect of copaiba balsam on Walker 256 carcinoma inoculated into the vagina and uterine cervix of female rats

PURPOSE To verify the copaiba balsam (Copaifera officinalis) effect on Walker 256 carcinoma inoculated into vagina and uterine cervix of rats. METHODS Eighteen female Wistar rats weighing between 180-250g were used, distributed into 2 groups (GCop, GC). On the 1st day of the experiment, 0.3 ml of Walker 256 carcinoma (2x10(6) concentration) was inoculated in both groups; on the 3rd day of the experiment, it was given 4.8 ml/kg of distilled water to the GC group, and 4.8 ml/kg of copaiba balsam to the GCop group. On the 12th day, euthanasia was performed and the tumor was grafted, being weighted and verified its volume. The data were submitted to statistical analysis with ANOVA test. RESULTS It was observed that copaiba balsam presented a negative inhibitory potential of 70%. CONCLUSION The copaiba balsam stimulated the tumor growth.

COPAIBA OIL INFLUENCES VENTRAL HERNIA REPAIR WITH VICRYL® MESH?

Background: The use of meshes in hernia surgical repair promoted revolution in the surgical area; however, some difficulties had come, such as a large area of fibrosis, greater postoperative pain and risk of infection. The search for new substances that minimize these effects should be encouraged. Medicinal plants stand out due possible active ingredients that can act on these problems. Aim: To check the copaiba oil influence in the repair of abdominal defects in rats corrected with Vicryl(c) mesh. Method: Twenty-four Wistar rats were submitted to an abdominal defect and corrected with Vicryl(c) mesh. They were distributed into two groups: control and copaíba via gavage, administered for seven days after surgery. The analysis of the animals took place on 8, 15 and 22 postoperative days. It analyzed the amount of adhesions and microscopic analysis of the mesh. Results: There was no statistical difference regarding the amount of adhesions. All animals had signs of acute inflammation. In the control group, there were fewer macrophages in animals of the 8th compared to other days and greater amount of necrosis on day 8 than on day 22. In the copaiba group, the number of gigantocytes increased compared to the days analyzed. Conclusion: Copaiba oil showed an improvement in the inflammatory response accelerating its beginning; however, did not affect the amount of abdominal adhesions or collagen fibers.

Aspectos microscópicos do fígado de ratos após administração do óleo de copaíba

The use of medicinal plants is a commonly practice observed at developing countries. Then, this paper aim to verify the effect of the copaiba oil in the liver of rats. Fifty male Wistar rats were used distributed into five groups: Group Copaiba 0.63 (GC0.63 ml/kg of copaiba oil), Group Copaiba 0.06 (GC0.06 ml/kg of copaiba oil), Group Water (GA0.63 ml/kg of water), Group Corn Oil (GM0.63 ml/kg of corn oil) and Standard group (GP). The substances were administered daily by 14 days. The animals were submitted to euthanasia in the 14th day, being withdraw the liver and realized histologic study. The results demonstrated that microscopically, in the hepatocity cells no alterations were found; however, vascular congestion was verified in the portal and mid-lobular veins. A larger congestion was observed in the group GC0.63 in relation to the groups GC0.06, GM, GA and GP (p 0.05), suggesting a dose-effect relationship. Then, the authors conclude that in agreement with methodology used, the copaiba oil promote vascular congestion in the liver of rats, suggesting dose-dependent action.

Efeito dos óleos de andiroba e copaíba na miosite induzida em ratos

Objetivo: avaliar o efeito topico dos oleos de andiroba e copaiba no tratamento da miosite induzida em ratos. Metodo: utilizados 90 ratos (Rattus norvegicus albinus), da linhagem Wistar, femeas, adultas pesando entre 190 e 240 gramas. Distribuidos em 6 grupos de 15 de acordo com o procedimento realizado: Grupo acido acetico (sem tratamento), grupo ultra-som (fonoforese com gel a base d’agua), grupo diclofenaco (fonoforese com diclofenaco de dietilamonio), grupo andiroba (fonoforese com andiroba), grupo copaiba (fonoforese com copaiba), grupo andiroba e copaiba (fonoforese com andiroba e copaiba). Em todos os animais foi feita a terapia de fonoforese apos injecao de 0,2ml de acido acetico no membro posterior direito, exceto no grupo acido acetico que nao recebeu o tratamento com a fonoforese das drogas correspondentes a cada grupo. A cada dois, cinco, sete, dez e quatorze dias, 3 ratos de cada grupo foram submetidos a eutanasia para avaliar a evolucao do processo inflamatorio, sendo o musculo gastrocnemico direito biopsiado e encaminhado para analise histopatologica e os resultados levados a analise estatistica que utilizou os metodos Qui-quadrado, Qui-quadrado particao e Kruskal Wallis (p d” 0,05). Resultado: nao houve diferenca, estatisticamente, significante entre os grupos estudados com a metodologia empregada, tendo todos os grupos se portado de maneira semelhante, tanto na evolucao diaria do edema, quanto ao aspecto histopatologico. Conclusao: de acordo com a metodologia empregada, a fonoforese dos oleos de andiroba e copaiba nao apresentou resultado, estatisticamente, significante na reducao da miosite induzida em ratos.