Margarida Maria Santana da Silva

Conhecimento sobre aleitamento materno de puérperas atendidas em dois hospitais de Viçosa, Minas Gerais

This study had the objective of investigating the mothers knowledge about maternal nursing. Two hundred and sixty-six mothers attended at two hospitals in the city of Vicosa, state of Minas Gerais, where interviewed.The sample was characterized by women in the age group from 13 to 48 years old, and 58,3% of them lived in Vicosa. The majority of them had not finished elementary school. From the total of mothers interviewed, 32.7% had received information on breast-feeding before the childbirth, and 14.3% of them were oriented in the prenatal period. Although of 99.2% of the mothers considered that the child should be breastfed, 54.8% did not know another function of milk besides feeding. The suction was remembered by only 1.5% of the mothers as a factor which increases the production of milk, and 61.0% of them did not know the childs correct way to seize the breast nipple with the mouth. Regarding the problem of mammary engorgement, 57.0% did not know how to solve it. Concerning the laws that favor the lactating workers, 84.6% ignored them. The mothers low level of knowledge about fundamental subjects for the breast-feeding success reaffirms the importance of the incentive and of the orientation towards nursing during the prenatal period.

Relative validity of a food frequency questionnaire for use in adults

OBJETIVO:Validar um questionario semiquantitativo de frequencia alimentar para avaliar a ingestao dietetica de adultos na cidade de Vicosa, Minas Gerais. METODOS: Noventa e quatro adultos de ambos os sexos e representando diferentes niveis educacionais. Como metodo de referencia para o estudo de validacao, quatro recordatorios 24 horas foram usados com intervalos de um mes. Um questionario semiquantitativo de frequencia alimentar constituido de 58 itens alimentares foi aplicado no final do estudo. Os dados dieteticos foram calculados pelo software Diet Pro e analisados segundo diferencas de medias e estimativas de correlacao de Pearson, ajustados pela energia e corrigidos pela variância intrapessoal, bem como pela classificacao cruzada dos metodos. RESULTADOS: Diferencas de medias ou medianas dos nutrientes obtidos pela aplicacao das metodologias referidas revelaram subestimacao no questionario semiquantitativo de frequencia alimentar de micronutrientes (vitamina C, retinol e calcio). Porem, quando avaliados pelas estimativas de correlacao e corrigidos pela variância esses micronutrientes apresentaram valores adequados. Lipidio foi o unico nutriente que indicou baixa consistencia na avaliacao dietetica entre os metodos (r=0,33); e os demais nutrientes apresentaram resultados variaveis de correlacao (r=0,40 a r=0,76), com media de r=0,52. A analise da correta classificacao conferiu uma concordância nao perfeita, mas aceitavel entre os metodos. CONCLUSAO: O questionario semiquantitativo de frequencia alimentar apresentou aceitavel desempenho na avaliacao do consumo alimentar habitual da maioria dos nutrientes pela populacao estudada. O questionario em estudo podera ser adaptado e utilizado em outras populacoes, mas novo estudo de validacao se faz necessario se as caracteristicas da populacao forem diferentes.

The influence of education in the validation process of a food frequency questionnaire for adults in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Objective:To evaluate the educational influence in the relative validation of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQs) for adults in the city of Viçosa, Brazil.Design and subjects:Four 24-h dietary recalls (reference method) were applied to a sample of 94 adults of both genders, at intervals of 1 month. At the end of the study, an FFQs consisting of 58 food items was also applied. Then, the individuals were divided into two main groups according to their educational level (lower and higher). The dietary data were calculated by the Diet Pro 4.0 software and analyzed according to differences of means or medians and Pearsons correlation coefficients. These coefficients were adjusted by the energy and corrected by the within-person variance for each educational group, considering the extreme quartiles of the data distribution.Results:The intake of energy and nutrients, based on the 24 h dietary recalls, was inferior for the lower educational group (P<0.05). For the FFQs, just the protein and calcium intakes were statistically different, suggesting interference of the education variable in this assessment. Overestimations in the FFQs were identified in the analyses of means and medians for vitamin C and retinol intakes in the lower education group and for retinol in the higher education one. However, when evaluated by correlation coefficients non-adjusted and adjusted, they were well correlated. On the other hand, lipid (r=0.34) and calcium (r=0.13) coefficients of the group with less instruction showed beneath the desirable values, suggesting weak consistence of the estimates provided by the FFQs for these nutrients. Correlation means of r=0.65 and 0.54 were found for the higher and lower educational groups, respectively.Conclusions:The results indicate that FFQs showed acceptable performance on evaluating the habitual food consumption for most of the nutrients in the studied population. A tendency for better quantifications in the groups with higher education was observed, inferring its influence in the assessment of the dietary intake.Sponsorship:CAPES – Coordenação de aperfeiçoamento de pessoal de nível superior.

Prática alimentar nos dois primeiros anos de vida

Avaliou-se pratica alimentar de criancas menores de dois anos. Estudo transversal desenvolvido em 2004-2005, a partir de dados do Estudo de Consumo Alimentar Populacional de Belo Horizonte/ECAP-BH. A amostra compreendeu 148 criancas menores de dois anos. Realizou-se entrevista em domicilio com maes/responsaveis e levantou-se os alimentos consumidos nas ultimas 24 horas, incluindo leite materno e idade de introducao da alimentacao complementar. Medianas de aleitamento materno exclusiva e total foram 60 e 150 dias, respectivamente. A introducao de outros tipos de leite e de alimentos nao-lacteos ocorreu precocemente. Do ponto de vista nutricional, as dietas eram desbalanceadas e o ferro foi o nutriente mais deficiente no primeiro ano de vida. Os resultados evidenciam a necessidade da implementacao de medidas de intervencao nos servicos de saude do municipio para a promocao da alimentacao complementar saudavel.We evaluated the feeding practices of children younger than two years. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2004-05. Data was obtained from the Population Study of Food Consumption in Belo Horizonte/ECAP-BH. The sample included 148 children younger than two years. We conducted interviews at home with mothers/guardians and surveyed the foods consumed in the past 24 hours, including breast milk and age at introduction of complementary feeding. The medians of exclusive and total breastfeeding were 60 and 150 days, respectively. The introduction of other types of milk and non-dairy foods occurred earlier. From a nutritional standpoint, the diets were unbalanced and iron was the most deficient nutrient in the first year of life. The results show the need to implement intervention measures in the municipal health services to promote healthy complementary feeding.

Feeding in the two first years of life.

Avaliou-se pratica alimentar de criancas menores de dois anos. Estudo transversal desenvolvido em 2004-2005, a partir de dados do Estudo de Consumo Alimentar Populacional de Belo Horizonte/ECAP-BH. A amostra compreendeu 148 criancas menores de dois anos. Realizou-se entrevista em domicilio com maes/responsaveis e levantou-se os alimentos consumidos nas ultimas 24 horas, incluindo leite materno e idade de introducao da alimentacao complementar. Medianas de aleitamento materno exclusiva e total foram 60 e 150 dias, respectivamente. A introducao de outros tipos de leite e de alimentos nao-lacteos ocorreu precocemente. Do ponto de vista nutricional, as dietas eram desbalanceadas e o ferro foi o nutriente mais deficiente no primeiro ano de vida. Os resultados evidenciam a necessidade da implementacao de medidas de intervencao nos servicos de saude do municipio para a promocao da alimentacao complementar saudavel.We evaluated the feeding practices of children younger than two years. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2004-05. Data was obtained from the Population Study of Food Consumption in Belo Horizonte/ECAP-BH. The sample included 148 children younger than two years. We conducted interviews at home with mothers/guardians and surveyed the foods consumed in the past 24 hours, including breast milk and age at introduction of complementary feeding. The medians of exclusive and total breastfeeding were 60 and 150 days, respectively. The introduction of other types of milk and non-dairy foods occurred earlier. From a nutritional standpoint, the diets were unbalanced and iron was the most deficient nutrient in the first year of life. The results show the need to implement intervention measures in the municipal health services to promote healthy complementary feeding.

Práctica alimenticia en los primeros dos años de vida

Avaliou-se pratica alimentar de criancas menores de dois anos. Estudo transversal desenvolvido em 2004-2005, a partir de dados do Estudo de Consumo Alimentar Populacional de Belo Horizonte/ECAP-BH. A amostra compreendeu 148 criancas menores de dois anos. Realizou-se entrevista em domicilio com maes/responsaveis e levantou-se os alimentos consumidos nas ultimas 24 horas, incluindo leite materno e idade de introducao da alimentacao complementar. Medianas de aleitamento materno exclusiva e total foram 60 e 150 dias, respectivamente. A introducao de outros tipos de leite e de alimentos nao-lacteos ocorreu precocemente. Do ponto de vista nutricional, as dietas eram desbalanceadas e o ferro foi o nutriente mais deficiente no primeiro ano de vida. Os resultados evidenciam a necessidade da implementacao de medidas de intervencao nos servicos de saude do municipio para a promocao da alimentacao complementar saudavel.We evaluated the feeding practices of children younger than two years. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2004-05. Data was obtained from the Population Study of Food Consumption in Belo Horizonte/ECAP-BH. The sample included 148 children younger than two years. We conducted interviews at home with mothers/guardians and surveyed the foods consumed in the past 24 hours, including breast milk and age at introduction of complementary feeding. The medians of exclusive and total breastfeeding were 60 and 150 days, respectively. The introduction of other types of milk and non-dairy foods occurred earlier. From a nutritional standpoint, the diets were unbalanced and iron was the most deficient nutrient in the first year of life. The results show the need to implement intervention measures in the municipal health services to promote healthy complementary feeding.