Maria de Fátima Pereira Alberto

O trabalho infantil doméstico e o processo de escolarização

O trabalho versa sobre uma pesquisa na qual se buscou verificar a relacao entre o Trabalho Infantil Domestico e o processo de escolarizacao. Participaram 100 sujeitos de ambos os sexos, na faixa compreendida entre os 07 e 18 anos de idade. Utilizaram-se dois instrumentos: o primeiro identificava se a crianca ou o adolescente eram trabalhadores, e o segundo constituia-se um instrumento composto de questoes abertas e fechadas. Para analise, utilizou-se a Analise de Conteudo de Bardin, a Estatistica Descritiva e o software SPSS. Os resultados revelaram que 80,0% dos participantes apresentavam repetencia escolar e 85,0% defasagem escolar; que o maior motivo da repetencia era a dificuldade com a estrutura escolar. Conclui-se, entao, que ha implicacoes do trabalho executado no processo de escolarizacao, sendo a relacao entre trabalho domestico e processo de escolarizacao de influencia mutua.

O papel do psicólogo e das entidades junto a crianças e adolescentes em situação de risco

Neste artigo, serao apresentados dados de uma pesquisa que objetivou identificar o tipo de trabalho desenvolvido por entidades e psicologos responsaveis pelo atendimento de criancas e adolescentes em situacao de risco. Foram realizadas 21 entrevistas semi-estruturadas com representantes e psicologos dessas entidades. Na analise dos dados, utilizou-se a tecnica de analise de conteudo tematico, de Bardin. As instituicoes investigadas atendem, em sua maioria, sujeitos de classe baixa, de 7 a 18 anos. Entre os tipos de trabalho desenvolvidos, estao atendimento juridico, psicoterapico, medico-hospitalar e informativoeducacional. Os resultados demonstraram que ha superposicao de papeis entre organizacoes governamentais (OGs), conselhos Tutelares e de Direitos e organizacoes nao-governamentais (ONGs). Quanto ao trabalho desenvolvido pelos psicologos nas instituicoes, sobressaiu a concepcao fundamentada no modelo clinico e individual. Falta as instituicoes e aos psicologos maior conhecimento do papel desse profissional junto as politicas publicas direcionadas a criancas e adolescentes em situacao de risco.

Trabalho precoce e processo de escolarização de crianças e adolescentes

The relationship between children and adolescents schooling process and their early work is focused. It analyzes the formation of subjectivity molded by work and schooling. Twenty-one students, aged 10 to 14 years old, males and females, undertaking informal work activities on the street, were investigated. Predominance of male workers in the service sector was reported, coupled to the fact that the needs, personal satisfaction and time employment were the main reasons for their early introduction to labor. Simultaneously working and studying have some psychosocial implications, such as restricted participation in social activities involving studies and leisure; subjective experiences of prematurely borne responsibilities; uncertainty about the future, and, in a special way, damage to the educational process comprising failure, repetition, backwardness and school quitting.The relationship between children and adolescents s chooling process and their early work is focused. I t analyzes the formation of subjectivity molded by wo rk and schooling. Twenty-one students, aged 10 to 1 4 years old, males and females, undertaking informal work activi ties on the street, were investigated. Predominance of male workers in the service sector was reported, coupled to the fac t that the needs, personal satisfaction and time em ployment were the main reasons for their early introduction to labor. Simultaneously working and studying have some psychosocial implications, such as restricted participation in s ocial activities involving studies and leisure; sub jective experiences of prematurely borne responsibilities; uncertainty abo ut the future, and, in a special way, damage to the educational process comprising failure, repetition, backwardness and sc hool quitting.

Exigências nos percursos profissionais de gerentes de banco

This paper deals with the trajectory of bank managers in Joao Pessoa with regard their job and education, spanning from their entry in the system up to the point when they hold a management position, searching to understand this through authors who analyze the work and its transformation from a clinical perspective, like Zarifian, Dejours and Schwartz, as well as those that deal with the bank work, as it is the case of Jinkings, Merlo and Barbarini. Sixteen interviews have taken place with general or intermediaries managers. The study showed that they are submitted to a great pressure with respect to their general ability, competence to obtain results and availability to the bank. It was noted, however, that even fulfilling these demands they do not have stability in the position. They argue that the company continually demands further effort, in an unreachable level, spoiling their health. This research addresses some questions and doubts about the benefits with respect to the autonomy and formation that managers are subject as a consequence of the banking system restructuring.

As vivências maternas diante do abuso sexual intrafamiliar

Intrafamily sexual violence against children and adolescents in contemporary takes on the contours of public order problem. This article aims to analyze the subjective experiences of mothers who had sexually abused their daughters within the family context. 13 mothers, with age between 25 and 50 years old, participated in the survey. They were attended the Sentinel Program and selected by convenience sample measured with the criterion of saturation. Woman were submitted to a semi-structured questions dealing with bio-data on socio-demographic and life history technique and subjected to thematic content analysis. The subjective experiences with the situation revealed are experienced based on negative feelings such as guilt, distrust, helplessness and blunting of affect, even to associate your experience, when they were also victimized in childhood. Mothers become targets of negative emotions, which leads to subjective distress, which guides the way they position themselves and proceed with the knowledge of the abuse.

Programa de erradicação do trabalho infantil: ações extensionistas e protagonismo

Este articulo presenta una experiencia de extension desarrollada por estudiantes y profesores de Psicologia en los Nucleos del Programa de Erradicacion del Trabajo Infantil (PETI) de la ciudad de Joao Pessoa. La extension objetivaba desnaturalizar el trabajo infantil, contribuir para la formacion de la ciudadania, desarrollar el protagonismo y formar profesionales en Psicologia social. El PETI es un programa del Gobierno Federal que tiene como objetivo apartar a ninos y adolescentes entre 07 anos y 15 anos y 11 meses de edad del trabajo peligroso, penoso, insalubre o degradante, y se fundamenta en los aportes teoricos de la historia del nino, de los derechos del ninos y de los adolescentes, del protagonismo juvenil y de la educacion popular. La metodologia tiene como objetivo la construccion conjunta considerando las experiencias de los diferentes actores. Hemos utilizado talleres de literatura, escrita, musica, peliculas, fotografias, comics, dibujos, Estatuto del Nino y del Adolescente, conversaciones en circulos, juegos y jugueteos. La experiencia nos ha conducido a aspectos que ni siquiera se encontraban entre los objetivos del trabajo. Nos hemos dado cuenta de que los ninos y los adolescentes del PETI no se ven como sujeto de derechos, naturalizan a la violencia y no creen en cambios, sino que presentan momentos de resistencia, de participacion y de acciones colectivas.

ABUSO SEXUAL INTRAFAMILIAR: AS MÃES DIANTE DA VITIMAÇÃO DAS FILHAS

Este artigo tem por objetivo apreender a forma com que as maes se expoem subjetivamente diante do conhecimento do abuso sexual intrafamiliar das filhas. Participaram maes de meninas vitimadas por abuso sexual intrafamiliar e que foram atendidas no programa especializado. Utilizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas de forma individual. A analise dos dados se deu com apoio do software Alceste atraves da Analise Hierarquica Descendente. Os dados obtidos versaram acerca da caracterizacao que as maes fazem a respeito do abuso sexual das filhas (versam sobre dimensoes temporais que envolveram a situacao de abuso e sobre detalhes de como aconteceu, expressando a presenca de ameaca verbal ou por meio de objetos) e suas vivencias subjetivas diante do conhecimento da situacao (relatam sentimentos diante da situacao, revelando expressoes de descrenca e desconfianca e relembram sua propria vitimacao por abuso sexual infato-juvenil intrafamiliar no passado).

Uso de drogas entre trabalhadores precoces na atividade de malabares

This study aims to identify the factors that motivate the use of drugs among diligent boys in street condition in the city of Joao Pessoa PB; to characterize the work activity of jugglers and to relate the precocious work and the use of drugs with the future perspectives of these citizens. The research was developed through the territorialization, comment and unsystematic register and half-structuralized interviews, with analyzed data from the contents analysis of Bardin (1979). 06 citizens were interviewed, between 11 and 16 years old, all of the masculine sex. The drugs used by them were alcoholic beverages, cigarette, glue and marijuana. The reasons to use them were the groups imposition and the unfamiliarity of the real effect of drugs. We still verified that for the precocious workers there is the construction of future perspectives glimpsed through their professional insertion when adult, possible to be realized from the school.

Child labour implications for adults: experiences and childhood

The purpose of this paper is to analyze child labour implications for adults who experienced that process when they were children or adolescents. To this end, we used as tool the Historical-Cultural Psychology approach. Five adults who were child labourers participated of this research. Their children were enrolled or egressed to the Program for the Eradication of Child Labour – PETI, and access to these participants occurred by means of the Reference Center for Social Support – CRAS. The saturation criterion (Minayo, 2008) was applied to delimit the number of participants. Open-interviews with life story elements were used as instruments. Data analysis was carried out through the trees of association of ideas (Spink, 2004). As a result, participants reported that early labour brought implications for schooling and health, in addition to losing childhood, and also brought difficulties to obtain employment in the current life.

Pensamento crítico, formação de psicólogo e atuação junto à infância e juventude

The objective is to report the experience of creating critical thinking in the training of psychologists to work in the field of childhood and youth. Sociohistorical Psychology that comprehends man as active, social and historical, constituted and constituent of social practices is used. Training and intervention are joined. Training happens in two-ways, knowledge production creates intervention and intervention creates knowledge production and it is processed by intervention in contexts of risk for childhood and youth. Practice happens in a way that promotes the linkage between subjective and objective, individual and social, and helps to transform reality.