María Dolores Guerra-Martín

Opiniones de los estudiantes de enfermería sobre las tutorías universitarias

espanolEn la Educacion Superior, se plantea la tutoria academica como un eje importante para que los estudiantes finalicen sus estudios. El proceso de cambio en las universidades espanolas, esta en consonancia con el Espacio Europeo de Educacion Superior y con los creditos ECTS. Se exige un seguimiento del proceso de aprendizaje del estudiante, en el que la tutoria se plantea como una estrategia de mejora; y la figura del profesor-tutor es primordial para la orientacion, retencion y exito academico de los estudiantes. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las opiniones de los estudiantes de enfermeria sobre distintos aspectos de las tutorias academicas. Se realizo una investigacion descriptiva y correlacional, en la que participaron distintos centros docentes propios y adscritos de una Universidad del sur de Espana. Se entrevistaron a 1.015 estudiantes de enfermeria. Se diseno un cuestionario que se valido mediante un panel de expertos. Las variables sociodemograficas fueron: Edad, sexo, centro docente y curso academico. Las variables sobre aspectos de las tutorias fueron: Planificacion, inclusion en el proyecto docente, fidelidad, cumplimiento horario, obligatoriedad, tipo de atencion, evaluacion y calificacion. Para el analisis de los datos se utilizo SPSS version 21.0. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian influencias del sexo, curso academico y tipo de centro, sobre las opiniones acerca de las tutorias (p EnglishIn Higher Education, academic mentoring with students is considered as an important axis in conclusion of studies. The process of change in Spanish universities is in line with the European Higher Education Area and with ECTS credits. In this sense, it is required monitoring the students learning process, in which mentoring is considered as a strategy for improvement; and the role of the professor-tutor is essential for orientation, retention and academic success of the students. The aim of this study is to analyze the opinions of nursing students on different aspects of academic mentoring. A descriptive and correlational research was conducted, in which took part different teaching centers of University of Southern Spain. 1,015 nursing students were interviewed. A questionnaire was designed and validated through a panel of experts. The sociodemographic variables were: age, gender, teaching center and academic year. The variables on aspects of the tutorials were: planning, inclusion of mentoring in the syllabus, fidelity, compliance with time, compulsory nature, type of assistance, evaluation and grading. SPSS version 21.0 was used to data analysis. The results show influences of gender, academic year and kind of center on the opinions about mentoring (p

Eficacia de las intervenciones no farmacológicas en la calidad de vida de las personas cuidadoras de pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer

OBJECTIVE Explore the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions to improve the quality of life of family caregivers of Alzheimers patients. METHODS We conducted a systematic review, in pairs, in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, WOS, Cochrane Library, IME, Cuiden Plus and Dialnet. Inclusion criteria were: 1. Studies published between 2010-2015. 2. Language: English, Portuguese and Spanish. 3. Randomized controlled clinical trials. 4. Score greater than or equal to 3 on the Jadad scale. RESULTS 13 studies were included. Four performed a psychosocial intervention with family caregivers, three psychotherapeutic, two psychoeducational, two multicomponent, one educational and another with mutual support groups. The tools to assess quality of life: three studies used the Health Status Questionnaire (HSQ), three EuroQol-5D (two only used the EVA), two health questionnaire SF-36, two WHOQOL-BREF, two Quality of Life SF-12 and one Perceived Quality of Life Scale (PQoL). Regarding the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions, five studies obtained favorable results in the quality of life after psychotherapeutic interventions and community-type multicomponent training. CONCLUSION The diversity of non-pharmacological interventions used and contents, differences in the number of sessions and hours, and variability of valuation tools used to measure quality of life of family caregivers, leads us to reflect on the appropriateness to standardize criteria, for the sake to improve clinical practice.

Evaluación de una intervención sobre búsquedas de información científica para estudiantes de enfermería

En este trabajo presentamos el proceso y la evaluacion de una intervencion educativa para la capacitacion en busquedas de informacion cientifica, dentro del programa de alfabetizacion en informacion, que se llevo a cabo con 158 estudiantes de 3er ano de Enfermeria en la asignatura de Administracion de Servicios de Enfermeria. Respecto a los resultados de la evaluacion de los conocimientos adquiridos, la media de aciertos es de 11,8 (desviacion estandar=2,2); las calificaciones obtenidas en el informe de busquedas de informacion fueron el 46,8% sobresaliente, 22,4% notable, 19,2% aprobado y 11,5% reprobaron; en cuanto a las opiniones y satisfaccion con el proceso de aprendizaje, un 79,5% de los/as estudiantes opinaban que despues del aprendizaje tienen conocimientos suficientes para buscar informacion cientifica y un 78,6% estaban satisfechos/as con el aprendizaje. Concluimos que la intervencion educativa es adecuada para el desarrollo de competencias en busquedas de informacion cientifica en los/as estudiantes de enfermeria.Resumen en: In this paper we show process and evaluation of an educational intervention on information seeking in nursing students as part of literacy program. The i...

Evaluation of an intervention on scientific information searches for nursing students

En este trabajo presentamos el proceso y la evaluacion de una intervencion educativa para la capacitacion en busquedas de informacion cientifica, dentro del programa de alfabetizacion en informacion, que se llevo a cabo con 158 estudiantes de 3er ano de Enfermeria en la asignatura de Administracion de Servicios de Enfermeria. Respecto a los resultados de la evaluacion de los conocimientos adquiridos, la media de aciertos es de 11,8 (desviacion estandar=2,2); las calificaciones obtenidas en el informe de busquedas de informacion fueron el 46,8% sobresaliente, 22,4% notable, 19,2% aprobado y 11,5% reprobaron; en cuanto a las opiniones y satisfaccion con el proceso de aprendizaje, un 79,5% de los/as estudiantes opinaban que despues del aprendizaje tienen conocimientos suficientes para buscar informacion cientifica y un 78,6% estaban satisfechos/as con el aprendizaje. Concluimos que la intervencion educativa es adecuada para el desarrollo de competencias en busquedas de informacion cientifica en los/as estudiantes de enfermeria.Resumen en: In this paper we show process and evaluation of an educational intervention on information seeking in nursing students as part of literacy program. The i...

Relación entre el funcionamiento familiar y los estilos de vida de los adolescentes en edad escolar

OBJECTIVE Risk behaviors in adolescents can lead to serious disorders, therefore the objectives of this work are to characterize the lifestyles of teenagers about substance use, sex, and road safety, and to meet socio-demographic factors associated with these. METHOD A cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 204 school-age-children from 12 to 17 years, in 2013. They were given a validated questionnaire about sociodemographic, family functioning, and lifestyles such as substance abuse, sexual intercourse and road safety. A descriptive and multivariate analysis was performed by using multiple linear regression in the case of quantitative dependent variables, and binary logistic regression models in the case of binary categories. Data analysis was based on SPSS 20.0, with a significance level of p<0.05. RESULTS 32.4% of students had smoked, and 61.3% had drunk alcohol. 26% of adolescent between 14-17 years had sexual intercourse; the average age of the first sexual intercourse was 14.9 years. 85.2% used condoms. 94.6% respected traffic signs, 77.5% used to wear a seat belt and 81.9% a helmet. Family functioning, as protective factor, was the variable more frequently associated to risk behaviour: smoking (OR=7.06, p=.000), alcohol drinking (OR=3.97, p=.008), sexual intercourse (OR=3.67, p=.041), and road safety (β=1.82, p=.000). CONCLUSIONS According the results, age, gender and family functioning are the main factors associated with the adoption of risk behaviors. This information is important for the development of public health policies, for instance health promotion at schools.

Necesidades de formación sobre reanimación cardiopulmonar en el ámbito deportivo del fútbol

OBJECTIVE In Spain there are around 25,000 cardiac arrests, many of them in the presence of non-medical personnel. In less than 25% of the cardio-respiratory arrests witnessed, witnesses began cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Soccer is a contact sport with multiple physical characteristics and requirements which pushes your body to the limit, thus leading to a higher chance of developing multiple lesions, including cardio-respiratory arrest. Therefore, our goal was to know the actual situation on training in basic life support in soccer. METHOD A literature review was performed on different databases both national (IME, CUIDEN, ENCUENTR@, ENFERMERÍA AL DÍA, ISOC) and international (PUBMED, SCOPUS, CINAHL), with different MESH descriptors related to the topic. RESULTS A total of 395 references were identified. 17 studies were selected; 8 of them had like main theme cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the remaining 9 spoke on the use of semi-automatic defibrillators. CONCLUSIONS There is a lack of research on this topic in soccer. This strikes our attention because in this area there could be situations requiring immediate rescue action. Therefore, we emphasize the importance of early cardio-respiratory resuscitation because training in basic life support and semi-automatic defibrillators in soccer are fundamental.

Resposta da pessoa doente alcoólatra frente à sua doença: perspectivas de pacientes e familiares

Objetivos: conocer las perspectivas de enfermos alcoholicos y de familiares sobre las caracteristicas de la conducta de la enfermedad, identificando las dificultades para modificar la conducta adictiva y emprender la recuperacion. Metodo: investigacion etnografica desde la antropologia interpretativa, mediante observacion participante y entrevista en profundidad con enfermos alcoholicos y sus familiares, miembros de Alcoholicos Anonimos y Al-anon en Espana. Resultados: el desarrollo de la conducta de enfermedad en el alcoholismo es complejo dadas las dificultades para interpretar el modelo de consumo como senal de enfermedad. Los enfermos suelen mantenerse largos periodos de tiempo en la etapa de precontemplacion retrasando la demanda de asistencia, a la que suelen llegar sin aceptar el rol de enfermo. Esto dificulta la recuperacion y se relaciona con la consideracion social del alcoholismo y el autoestigma en alcoholicos y familiares, llevandoles a negar la enfermedad, la consideracion de enfermo y la ayuda. La labor de los grupos de ayuda mutua y la implicacion de los profesionales sanitarios resulta fundamental para su recuperacion. Conclusion: conocer el desarrollo de la conducta de enfermedad y el proceso de cambio de la conducta adictiva, puede ser de utilidad para enfermos, familiares, y profesionales sanitarios, permitiendoles actuar de forma especifica en cada etapaObjetivos: conhecer as perspectivas de pessoas doentes alcoolatras e familiares sobre as caracteristicas do comportamento da doenca, identificando as dificuldades para modificar o comportamento aditivo e motivar a recuperacao. Metodo: pesquisa etnografica baseada na antropologia interpretativa, mediante observacao participante e entrevista em profundidade com as pessoas doentes alcoolatras e seus familiares, membros dos Alcoolicos Anonimos e Al-anon, na Espanha. Resultados: o desenvolvimento do comportamento da doenca no alcoolismo e complexo, dadas as dificuldades para interpretar o modelo de consumo como sinal de doenca. Usualmente, as pessoas doentes permanecem por longos periodos de tempo na etapa de pre-contemplacao, atrasando a demanda de assistencia, a qual costuma chegar sem a aceitacao da doenca pela propria pessoa doente. Isso dificulta a recuperacao e relaciona-se a consideracao social do alcoolismo e a auto estigma em alcoolatras e familiares, levando-os a negar a doenca, a condicao de doente e a ajuda. O trabalho dos grupos de ajuda mutua e a implicacao dos profissionais da saude sao fundamentais para sua recuperacao. Conclusao: conhecer o desenvolvimento do comportamento da doenca e o processo de mudanca do comportamento aditivo pode ser util para as pessoas doentes, familiares, e profissionais da saude, permitindo-lhes atuar de forma especifica em cada etapa.Objective: to know the perspective of alcoholic patients and their families about the behavioral characteristics of the disease, identifying the issues to modify the addictive behavior and seek rehabilitation. Method: ethnographic research using interpretative anthropology, via participant observation and a detailed interview with alcoholic patients and their families, members of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Alanon in Spain. Results: development of disease behavior in alcoholism is complex due to the issues of interpreting the consumption model as a disease sign. Patients often remain long periods in the pre-contemplation stage, delaying the search for assistance, which often arrives without them accepting the role of patient. This constrains the recovery and is related to the social thought on alcoholism and self-stigma on alcoholics and their families, leading them to deny the disease, condition of the patient, and help. The efforts of self-help groups and the involvement of health professionals is essential for recovery. Conclusion: understanding how disease behavior develops, and the change process of addictive behavior, it may be useful for patients, families and health professionals, enabling them to act in a specific way at each stage.

Respuesta del enfermo alcohólico ante su enfermedad: Perspectivas de pacientes y familiares

Objetivos: conocer las perspectivas de enfermos alcoholicos y de familiares sobre las caracteristicas de la conducta de la enfermedad, identificando las dificultades para modificar la conducta adictiva y emprender la recuperacion. Metodo: investigacion etnografica desde la antropologia interpretativa, mediante observacion participante y entrevista en profundidad con enfermos alcoholicos y sus familiares, miembros de Alcoholicos Anonimos y Al-anon en Espana. Resultados: el desarrollo de la conducta de enfermedad en el alcoholismo es complejo dadas las dificultades para interpretar el modelo de consumo como senal de enfermedad. Los enfermos suelen mantenerse largos periodos de tiempo en la etapa de precontemplacion retrasando la demanda de asistencia, a la que suelen llegar sin aceptar el rol de enfermo. Esto dificulta la recuperacion y se relaciona con la consideracion social del alcoholismo y el autoestigma en alcoholicos y familiares, llevandoles a negar la enfermedad, la consideracion de enfermo y la ayuda. La labor de los grupos de ayuda mutua y la implicacion de los profesionales sanitarios resulta fundamental para su recuperacion. Conclusion: conocer el desarrollo de la conducta de enfermedad y el proceso de cambio de la conducta adictiva, puede ser de utilidad para enfermos, familiares, y profesionales sanitarios, permitiendoles actuar de forma especifica en cada etapaObjetivos: conhecer as perspectivas de pessoas doentes alcoolatras e familiares sobre as caracteristicas do comportamento da doenca, identificando as dificuldades para modificar o comportamento aditivo e motivar a recuperacao. Metodo: pesquisa etnografica baseada na antropologia interpretativa, mediante observacao participante e entrevista em profundidade com as pessoas doentes alcoolatras e seus familiares, membros dos Alcoolicos Anonimos e Al-anon, na Espanha. Resultados: o desenvolvimento do comportamento da doenca no alcoolismo e complexo, dadas as dificuldades para interpretar o modelo de consumo como sinal de doenca. Usualmente, as pessoas doentes permanecem por longos periodos de tempo na etapa de pre-contemplacao, atrasando a demanda de assistencia, a qual costuma chegar sem a aceitacao da doenca pela propria pessoa doente. Isso dificulta a recuperacao e relaciona-se a consideracao social do alcoolismo e a auto estigma em alcoolatras e familiares, levando-os a negar a doenca, a condicao de doente e a ajuda. O trabalho dos grupos de ajuda mutua e a implicacao dos profissionais da saude sao fundamentais para sua recuperacao. Conclusao: conhecer o desenvolvimento do comportamento da doenca e o processo de mudanca do comportamento aditivo pode ser util para as pessoas doentes, familiares, e profissionais da saude, permitindo-lhes atuar de forma especifica em cada etapa.Objective: to know the perspective of alcoholic patients and their families about the behavioral characteristics of the disease, identifying the issues to modify the addictive behavior and seek rehabilitation. Method: ethnographic research using interpretative anthropology, via participant observation and a detailed interview with alcoholic patients and their families, members of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Alanon in Spain. Results: development of disease behavior in alcoholism is complex due to the issues of interpreting the consumption model as a disease sign. Patients often remain long periods in the pre-contemplation stage, delaying the search for assistance, which often arrives without them accepting the role of patient. This constrains the recovery and is related to the social thought on alcoholism and self-stigma on alcoholics and their families, leading them to deny the disease, condition of the patient, and help. The efforts of self-help groups and the involvement of health professionals is essential for recovery. Conclusion: understanding how disease behavior develops, and the change process of addictive behavior, it may be useful for patients, families and health professionals, enabling them to act in a specific way at each stage.

Alcoholic patients' response to their disease: perspective of patients and family

Objetivos: conocer las perspectivas de enfermos alcoholicos y de familiares sobre las caracteristicas de la conducta de la enfermedad, identificando las dificultades para modificar la conducta adictiva y emprender la recuperacion. Metodo: investigacion etnografica desde la antropologia interpretativa, mediante observacion participante y entrevista en profundidad con enfermos alcoholicos y sus familiares, miembros de Alcoholicos Anonimos y Al-anon en Espana. Resultados: el desarrollo de la conducta de enfermedad en el alcoholismo es complejo dadas las dificultades para interpretar el modelo de consumo como senal de enfermedad. Los enfermos suelen mantenerse largos periodos de tiempo en la etapa de precontemplacion retrasando la demanda de asistencia, a la que suelen llegar sin aceptar el rol de enfermo. Esto dificulta la recuperacion y se relaciona con la consideracion social del alcoholismo y el autoestigma en alcoholicos y familiares, llevandoles a negar la enfermedad, la consideracion de enfermo y la ayuda. La labor de los grupos de ayuda mutua y la implicacion de los profesionales sanitarios resulta fundamental para su recuperacion. Conclusion: conocer el desarrollo de la conducta de enfermedad y el proceso de cambio de la conducta adictiva, puede ser de utilidad para enfermos, familiares, y profesionales sanitarios, permitiendoles actuar de forma especifica en cada etapaObjetivos: conhecer as perspectivas de pessoas doentes alcoolatras e familiares sobre as caracteristicas do comportamento da doenca, identificando as dificuldades para modificar o comportamento aditivo e motivar a recuperacao. Metodo: pesquisa etnografica baseada na antropologia interpretativa, mediante observacao participante e entrevista em profundidade com as pessoas doentes alcoolatras e seus familiares, membros dos Alcoolicos Anonimos e Al-anon, na Espanha. Resultados: o desenvolvimento do comportamento da doenca no alcoolismo e complexo, dadas as dificuldades para interpretar o modelo de consumo como sinal de doenca. Usualmente, as pessoas doentes permanecem por longos periodos de tempo na etapa de pre-contemplacao, atrasando a demanda de assistencia, a qual costuma chegar sem a aceitacao da doenca pela propria pessoa doente. Isso dificulta a recuperacao e relaciona-se a consideracao social do alcoolismo e a auto estigma em alcoolatras e familiares, levando-os a negar a doenca, a condicao de doente e a ajuda. O trabalho dos grupos de ajuda mutua e a implicacao dos profissionais da saude sao fundamentais para sua recuperacao. Conclusao: conhecer o desenvolvimento do comportamento da doenca e o processo de mudanca do comportamento aditivo pode ser util para as pessoas doentes, familiares, e profissionais da saude, permitindo-lhes atuar de forma especifica em cada etapa.Objective: to know the perspective of alcoholic patients and their families about the behavioral characteristics of the disease, identifying the issues to modify the addictive behavior and seek rehabilitation. Method: ethnographic research using interpretative anthropology, via participant observation and a detailed interview with alcoholic patients and their families, members of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Alanon in Spain. Results: development of disease behavior in alcoholism is complex due to the issues of interpreting the consumption model as a disease sign. Patients often remain long periods in the pre-contemplation stage, delaying the search for assistance, which often arrives without them accepting the role of patient. This constrains the recovery and is related to the social thought on alcoholism and self-stigma on alcoholics and their families, leading them to deny the disease, condition of the patient, and help. The efforts of self-help groups and the involvement of health professionals is essential for recovery. Conclusion: understanding how disease behavior develops, and the change process of addictive behavior, it may be useful for patients, families and health professionals, enabling them to act in a specific way at each stage.

Avaliação de uma intervenção sobre buscas de informação científica para estudantes de enfermagem

En este trabajo presentamos el proceso y la evaluacion de una intervencion educativa para la capacitacion en busquedas de informacion cientifica, dentro del programa de alfabetizacion en informacion, que se llevo a cabo con 158 estudiantes de 3er ano de Enfermeria en la asignatura de Administracion de Servicios de Enfermeria. Respecto a los resultados de la evaluacion de los conocimientos adquiridos, la media de aciertos es de 11,8 (desviacion estandar=2,2); las calificaciones obtenidas en el informe de busquedas de informacion fueron el 46,8% sobresaliente, 22,4% notable, 19,2% aprobado y 11,5% reprobaron; en cuanto a las opiniones y satisfaccion con el proceso de aprendizaje, un 79,5% de los/as estudiantes opinaban que despues del aprendizaje tienen conocimientos suficientes para buscar informacion cientifica y un 78,6% estaban satisfechos/as con el aprendizaje. Concluimos que la intervencion educativa es adecuada para el desarrollo de competencias en busquedas de informacion cientifica en los/as estudiantes de enfermeria.Resumen en: In this paper we show process and evaluation of an educational intervention on information seeking in nursing students as part of literacy program. The i...