Marta Lima-Serrano

Diseño y validación de dos escalas para medir la actitud hacia la alimentación y la actividad física durante la adolescencia

Fundamentos: Diversos autores proponen la actitud como un mediador en el cambio de comportamiento, por lo que puede predecir la practica de este. El objetivo del trabajo fue disenar y validar dos escalas para medir la actitud de los adolescentes hacia la alimentacion saludable, y la actitud hacia la actividad fisica. Metodos: Se realizo el diseno tras una revision de la literatura. Se procedio a la validacion mediante un panel Delphi on-line con 18 expertos/as, un pretest, y una prueba piloto con una muestra de 188 alumnos/as de educacion secundaria. Se analizaron la comprensibilidad, la validez de contenido, la adecuacion, la fiabilidad mediante la prueba alpha de Cronbach, y la validez de constructo, mediante el analisis factorial exploratorio. Resultados: Las escalas validadas por los expertos/as se consideraron adecuadas en el pretest. En la prueba piloto, la Escala de Actitud hacia la Alimentacion de diez items, obtuvo un α=0,72. La Escala de Actitud hacia la Actividad Fisica de ocho items, tuvo un α=0,86. En el analisis factorial mostraron datos a favor de su unidimensionalidad, a) todos los items obtuvieron pesos r>0,30 en el primer factor sin rotar, b) este explicaba una proporcion importante de varianza con respecto a los demas, c) la varianza total explicada por los factores principales era mayor al 50%. Conclusiones: Las escalas demostraron su validez y fiabilidad y pueden ser utilizadas para valorar la actitud hacia estas areas de atencion prioritarias en adolescentes espanoles, y para evaluar este resultado intermedio de intervenciones y programas de salud.

Intervenciones enfermeras orientadas a la familia

Nursing has experienced an important methodological development, in which it gives priority to the individual, although at a socioeconomic level a marked interest is seen in the health care of the family unit and the NANDA (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association), NIC (Nursing Interventions Classification) and NOC (Nursing Outcomes Classification) nursing guidelines, using diagnoses, criteria of results and interventions orientated towards this aim. We consider to the family as an opened system consisted of human elements, with a common history, which they form a functional unit been ruled by own procedure. In this paper we look at those aspects that must be taken into account in nursing assessment of families from a systemic perspective, including some tools for data collection and analysis of information. In addition, we identify specific areas of intervention. We believe that the family must be studied from a nursing care point of view with its own characteristics as opposed to those possessed individually by each of its members. We also believe that, when assessment is centred on the Henderson unaided activities study or the Gordon functional health patterns, they are not useful in assessing the family unit. This work offers an assessment method centred on the family unit, which helps to identify the nursing diagnoses applicable to it. Our proposal, which has been successfully used by nursing students over the last few years, hopes to contribute to quality clinical practice with a tool orientated towards the family.

ADOLESCENT QUALITY OF LIFE AND HEALTH BEHAVIORS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN ADOLESCENTS FROM THE SOUTH OF PORTUGAL AND SPAIN

An observational, transversal study was carried out to examine cross-cultural differences in perceived quality of life and health-related behaviors on adolescents from southern Portugal and southern Spain. Sample consists in 319 adolescents. The Kidscreen-27 child self-report, a short version of Health Behavior in School-aged Children Questionnaire, and a Socio-demographic questionnaire were used. Results suggest significant differences between Portuguese and Spanish adolescents health behaviors. Portuguese adolescents experiment more legal drugs and consume more wine and beer. More Spanish adolescents smoke. No differences were found between countries on hashish use, liquor consumption, inebriation, and on the age of first sexual intercourse. Spanish adolescents perceived themselves with better quality of life. Gender differences were found on several dimensions of Quality of Life. Results are discussed with previous research on these topic and might be considered by nurses when promoting adolescent health. DESCRIPTORS: Quality of life. Behavior. Risk. Adolescents. Cross-cultural comparison.

Psychometric Properties of an Instrument to Measure Family Disease Management

An instrumental study of 392 households with sick or disabled members was conducted to analyze the psychometric properties of the Family Disease Management Scale. Three different models were analyzed using the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). One was a single-dimensional factor (family disease management) with 30 items; and two hierarchical models with three factors, which represent the dimensions, family support, family normalization and family participation, that placed the workload into another of higher order called family disease management, the first with 30 items and the second with 29. The CFA results showed that the latter 29-item model provided a better fit. The internal consistency analysis using the Cronbach alpha test showed a value of .93 for the complete scale and above .80 in the three subscales. This instrument may be useful to assess how families manage the illness or disability of its members, especially in clinical practice given the importance of the family as the primary caregiver. As well as in performing epidemiological studies, and in the field of management, planning and assistance.

Validación de contenido de la escala de autopercepción del estado de salud familiar usando la técnica Delphi

OBJECTIVE To ascertain the content validity of the Self-perception of Family Health Status scale. METHOD A validation study of an instrument with an online Delphi panel using the consensus technique. Eighteen experts in the subject were intentionally selected, with a multidisciplinary origin and representing different professional fields. Each of the proposed items was assessed using a five-point scale, and open-ended questions, to modify or propose items. Descriptive analysis was performed of the sample and the items, applying criteria of validation/elimination. RESULTS The first round had a response rate of 83.3% and validated 75 of the 96 proposed items; the second had a response rate of 80%, and validated the 21 newly created items, concluding the panel of experts. CONCLUSIONS We present an instrument to measure self-perception of family health status, from a nursing perspective. This may be an advance in scientific knowledge, to facilitate the assessment of the state of health of the family unit, enabling detection of alterations, and to facilitate interventions to prevent consequences to the family unit and its members. It can be used in clinical care, research or teaching.OBJETIVO: Verificar a validade de conteudo da escala Auto-percepcao da Familia sobre o estado de saude. METODO: Um estudo de validacao de um instrumento com um painel Delphi on-line, utilizando a tecnica de consenso. Dezoito especialistas no assunto, selecionados intencionalmente, de origem multidisciplinar e representando diferentes areas profissionais. Cada um dos itens propostos foi avaliado usando uma escala de cinco pontas, e perguntas abertas, para modificacao ou propostas de itens. Realizada analise descritiva da amostra e os itens, aplicando criterios de validacao / eliminacao. RESULTADOS: A primeira rodada teve uma taxa de resposta de 83,3% e validados 75 dos 96 itens propostos; a segunda teve uma taxa de resposta de 80%, e validou os 21 itens recem-criados, concluindo o painel de especialistas. CONCLUSOES: Apresentamos um instrumento para medir a auto-percepcao do estado de saude da familia, a partir de uma perspectiva de enfermagem. Este pode ser um avanco no conhecimento cientifico, a fim de facilitar a avaliacao do estado de saude da unidade familiar, permitindo a deteccao de alteracoes, e facilitando as intervencoes para evitar consequencias para a unidade da familia e seus membros. Ela pode ser usado em pesquisa clinica de cuidados, ou de ensino.

Diseño y validación de escalas para medir la actitud adolescente hacia: sexualidad, sustancias adictivas y seguridad vial ¿se relacionan con los comportamientos?

Background. To validate scales to measure adolescent attitudes toward sexuality (EAS), toward addictive substances (EASA) and toward vial security (EASV), and to examine their correlations with behaviour on these areas. Methods. We designed the scales by literature review; we validated their content using a Delphi-on-line panel with 18 experts, and a pre-test with a sample of 21 fourth-grade high-school students (similar to 10th in US) in Seville, Spain. The scales were administered to 188 fourth-grade high-school students in order to test their construct validity (exploratory factor analysis), their reliability (Alpha Cronbach test), and to determinate their correlations with age, gender, experience of sexual intercourse, substance use and road behaviour. Results. EAS-10 obtained α=0.73, EASA-12 obtained α=0.80, EASV-12 obtained α=0.79. They showed evidence of one-dimensional interpretation after factor analysis, a) all items achieved weights r>0.30 in the first factor, which explained a significant proportion of variance before rotations, and b) total variance explained by the main factors extracted was greater than 50%. We found correlations between EASA-12 and tobacco use (r=0.43, p<0.001), alcohol use (r=0.30, p<0.001), age of alcohol initiation (r=0.32, p=0.003), and substance use (r=-0.55, p<0.001), and between EASV-12 and safe road behaviour (r=0.41, p<0.001), tobacco use (r=0.23, p=0.003), alcohol use (r=0,22, p=0,003), age of first experience of drunkenness (r=0.22, p=0.003), and substance use (r=-0.27, p=0.013). Conclusions. The scales showed their reliability and validity. They could be employed for assessing adolescent attitudes to these priority intervention areas, for carrying out studies on their mediating role on adopting behaviour, and for designing and evaluating health programs.

Content validation of the Self-perception of Family Health Status scale using the Delphi technique

OBJECTIVE To ascertain the content validity of the Self-perception of Family Health Status scale. METHOD A validation study of an instrument with an online Delphi panel using the consensus technique. Eighteen experts in the subject were intentionally selected, with a multidisciplinary origin and representing different professional fields. Each of the proposed items was assessed using a five-point scale, and open-ended questions, to modify or propose items. Descriptive analysis was performed of the sample and the items, applying criteria of validation/elimination. RESULTS The first round had a response rate of 83.3% and validated 75 of the 96 proposed items; the second had a response rate of 80%, and validated the 21 newly created items, concluding the panel of experts. CONCLUSIONS We present an instrument to measure self-perception of family health status, from a nursing perspective. This may be an advance in scientific knowledge, to facilitate the assessment of the state of health of the family unit, enabling detection of alterations, and to facilitate interventions to prevent consequences to the family unit and its members. It can be used in clinical care, research or teaching.OBJETIVO: Verificar a validade de conteudo da escala Auto-percepcao da Familia sobre o estado de saude. METODO: Um estudo de validacao de um instrumento com um painel Delphi on-line, utilizando a tecnica de consenso. Dezoito especialistas no assunto, selecionados intencionalmente, de origem multidisciplinar e representando diferentes areas profissionais. Cada um dos itens propostos foi avaliado usando uma escala de cinco pontas, e perguntas abertas, para modificacao ou propostas de itens. Realizada analise descritiva da amostra e os itens, aplicando criterios de validacao / eliminacao. RESULTADOS: A primeira rodada teve uma taxa de resposta de 83,3% e validados 75 dos 96 itens propostos; a segunda teve uma taxa de resposta de 80%, e validou os 21 itens recem-criados, concluindo o painel de especialistas. CONCLUSOES: Apresentamos um instrumento para medir a auto-percepcao do estado de saude da familia, a partir de uma perspectiva de enfermagem. Este pode ser um avanco no conhecimento cientifico, a fim de facilitar a avaliacao do estado de saude da unidade familiar, permitindo a deteccao de alteracoes, e facilitando as intervencoes para evitar consequencias para a unidade da familia e seus membros. Ela pode ser usado em pesquisa clinica de cuidados, ou de ensino.

¿Cómo mejorar la visibilidad de la investigación enfermera española? Publicaciones de referencia e índices de calidad

Research ends when the results are shared in the academic and professional community, and for this reason they need to be published in scientific journals of reference. But the question is where should the results of nursing research be published? Taking into account the expanding context and scientific consolidation of the discipline. To answer this question, an analysis will be made of the benefits and the most common criticisms of the two most important multidisciplinary literature data bases, as well as examining the context of the Spanish nursing journals in these data bases. A description will also be made of the indexing systems, as well as making proposals to contribute to improved visibility of Spanish nursing research through the positioning of its journals.

EditorialInvestigación, innovación y originalidad: la contribución enfermera al conocimiento científicoResearch, innovation and originality: Nursing contribution to scientific knowledge

Es indudable el crecimiento exponencial de la investigación enfermera en los últimos años, fiel reflejo del desarrollo académico que posibilita y potencia la formación de posgrado a nivel de máster y doctorado, así como la participación de enfermeras en grupos de investigación interdisciplinares. Estas nuevas coordenadas nos sitúan en una situación privilegiada, donde tenemos la posibilidad de seguir contribuyendo al cuerpo de conocimientos de la disciplina. En este sentido, no podemos olvidar que el fin último de toda investigación en salud no culmina hasta la difusión de los resultados y su integración en la práctica clínica. Actualmente, además, la investigación constituye uno de los pilares fundamentales a nivel curricular para la acreditación académica y profesional, por lo que es uno de nuestros motores de desarrollo disciplinar. Desde el mundo editorial donde nos movemos, las revistas científicas en enfermería, y como prioridad específica en Enfermería Clínica, tenemos como objetivo contribuir a la difusión de los resultados, haciendo visible la investigación enfermera, sin olvidar la responsabilidad que supone velar por la calidad y la rigurosidad de las publicaciones. Es de vital importancia confiar en la originalidad de los artículos de investigación publicados en los diferentes soportes de referencia como base ética de la difusión de la información en el campo de la investigación. La honestidad

Investigación, innovación y originalidad: la contribución enfermera al conocimiento científico

Es indudable el crecimiento exponencial de la investigación enfermera en los últimos años, fiel reflejo del desarrollo académico que posibilita y potencia la formación de posgrado a nivel de máster y doctorado, así como la participación de enfermeras en grupos de investigación interdisciplinares. Estas nuevas coordenadas nos sitúan en una situación privilegiada, donde tenemos la posibilidad de seguir contribuyendo al cuerpo de conocimientos de la disciplina. En este sentido, no podemos olvidar que el fin último de toda investigación en salud no culmina hasta la difusión de los resultados y su integración en la práctica clínica. Actualmente, además, la investigación constituye uno de los pilares fundamentales a nivel curricular para la acreditación académica y profesional, por lo que es uno de nuestros motores de desarrollo disciplinar. Desde el mundo editorial donde nos movemos, las revistas científicas en enfermería, y como prioridad específica en Enfermería Clínica, tenemos como objetivo contribuir a la difusión de los resultados, haciendo visible la investigación enfermera, sin olvidar la responsabilidad que supone velar por la calidad y la rigurosidad de las publicaciones. Es de vital importancia confiar en la originalidad de los artículos de investigación publicados en los diferentes soportes de referencia como base ética de la difusión de la información en el campo de la investigación. La honestidad