Maria Iracema L. Machado

Larvicidal activity of the essential oil from Lippia sidoides cham. against Aedes aegypti linn

The aim of this work was to study the larvicidal activity of Lippia sidoides essential oil against Aedes aegypti larvae. The essential oil and its hydrolate (saturated solution of essential oil in water) were obtained by vapor extraction and their chemical composition determined by GL-chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy. Bioassays were run with the essential oil, pure and diluted hydrolate and with their main constituents thymol and carvacrol. The results obtained showed that L. sidoides essential oil and its hydrolate have larvicidal action against the mosquito A. aegypti, causing an almost instantaneous mortality. Thymol, an alkylated phenol derivative and one of the major components of L. sidoides essential oil, was identified as the active principle responsible for the larvicidal action, causing 100% larval mortality at the lowest tested concentration of 0.017% (w/v). These results suggest that the essential oil of L. sidoides is promising as larvicide against A. aegypti and could be useful in the search of newer, more selective, and biodegradable larvicidal natural compounds to be used in official combat programs and at home.

Essential oil composition of two chemotypes of Lippia alba Grown in northeast Brazil

ABSTRACT Essential oils of six types of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown, an aromatic shrub used in folk medicine in northeastern Brazil under the name “cidreira” were analyzed by GC/MS. The results showed neral (27.18–30.40%) and geranial (35.63–40.95%) as the main chemical constituent in three samples, while carvone (42.30–54.69%) was the main constituent in three other samples. These differences allowed for the classification of two chemotypes.

Medicinal Plants of Northeast Brazil Containing Thymol and Carvacrol - Lippia sidoides Cham. and L. gracillis H.B.K. (Verbenaceae)

Abstract Lippia sidoides Cham, and L. gracillis H.B.K. (Verbenaceae) are wild aromatic small trees or shrubs of Northeast Brazil vegetation. Chemical analysis of the oils obtained from the two plants by GC/MS revealed that L. sidoides contained thymol (73.1%), while L. gracillis contained carvacrol (47.7%) and p-cymene (19.2%) as main components.

Essential Oil of Mentha x villosa Huds. from Northeastern Brazil

Abstract An oil produced from Mentha x villosa Huds. by steam distillation of plant material collected in Fortaleza was analyzed by GC/MS and retention indices. The oil was found to be rich in piperitenone oxide (55.4%) and γ-muurolene (13.1%).

Volatile constituents of Eugenia uniflora leaf oil from northeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT The leaf oil of Eugenia uniflora L. [syn. Stenocalyx michelii (Berg.) Legrand] was investigated by GC/MS, retention data, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The main constituents were selina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one (48.52%) and oxidoselina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one (17.33%).

Essential Oil Composition of Leaves, Fruits and Resin of Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) March.

Abstract Essential oils from the leaves, fruit and resin of Protium heptaphyllum were analyzed by GC/MS from a sample collected in Crato-Ceara, Brazil. The major constituents identified in the leaves were mono and sesquiterpenes such as myrcene (18.6%), β-caryophyllene (18.5%) whereas oils from resin and fruit contained mainly monoterpenes such as α-pinene (10.5%), limonene (16.9%), α-phellandrene (16.7%), and terpinolene (28.5%) in the resin oil, and α-pinene (71.2%) in the fruit oil

Constituents of Brazilian Chamomile Oil

ABSTRACT The constituents of the essential oil obtained from flowerheads of Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rausch. plants growing around Medianeira city, in Parana State, Brazil, were analyzed by GC/MS. The major constituents identified in the oil were similar to those found in oils from other parts of the world. The Brazilian oil contained the following major components: bisabolol oxide B (23%), bisabolol oxide A (17%), (Z)-β-farnesene (16%), α-bisabolol (13%), chamazulene (8%) and chamo-spiroether (5%).

Triterpenes from Cedrela odorata

Abstract From the ethanolic extract of the heartwood of Cedrela odorata were isolated gedunin, 3β- O -β- d -glucopyranosyl-24-methyllenecholesterol, oleanonic acid, sitosterol, n -octacosanol and a new triterpene threo -23,24,25-trihydroxytirucall-7-en-3-one. Structural determinations of these compounds were made by spectrometric data. GC-MS analysis of the essential oil identified the sesquiterpenoids α-copaene, β-elemene, α-muurolene, calamenene, guayazulene, dihydroguayazulene, torreyol, γ-muurolene and α-cubebene.

GC-MS analysis and cardiovascular activity of the essential oil of Ocotea duckei

The essential oils obtained by steam distillation from the roots, stems, leaves and fruits of Ocotea duckei had their composition analyzed by GC-MS. The pharmacological activity of these oils was also evaluated showing significant cardiovascular effects. Forty-nine substances were identified, consisting of a complex mixture of monoterpenes (45%) and sesquiterpenes (55%). The fruits yielded (1.9%) more essential oil than the stems (1.0%), roots (0.8%) and leaves (0.7%). The main component in the oil of the leaves was trans-caryophyllene (60.54%), in the stem bark b-eudesmol (27.51%) and in the fruits, dl-limonene (30.12%). The predominant essential oil component in the roots was elemol (24.31%). In non-anaesthetized normotensive rats, the essential oils from different parts of Ocotea duckei (leaves, fruits, stem and roots) induced significant (p < 0.05) hypotension followed by bradycardia.

Leaf oils of two Brazilian Piper species: Piper arboreum Aublet var. latifolium (C.DC) Yuncker and Piper hispidum Sw

ABSTRACT The chemical composition of the leaf oils of Piper arboreum var. latifolium and P. hispidum were analyzed by a combination of GC/MS, 13C-NMR and Kovats indices. The main constituents found in the oil of P. hispidum were γ-cadinene (25.13%), camphene (15.61%), γ-guaiene (11.47%) and γ-elemene (10.88%). The oil of P. arboreum var. latifolium showed a high yield of germacrene D (72.87%)