Maria Luiza de Jesus Miranda

Benefícios da estimulação perceptual corporal no esquema corporal de idosos

Advances in science have resulted in increased longevity and reflect the growing number of elderly individuals in society today. The increase in chronological age brings progressive loss of functionality, and changes the process of providing information on body awareness, resulting in the misinterpretation of body parameters. Studies have shown that movement and physical activity are able to positively influence body perception. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of perceptual body stimulation activities on the body schema of the elderly. The evaluation was performed with the IMP (Image Marking Procedure), capable of measuring the degree of distortion between the actual and perceived image in different parts of the body. Measurements of body size perception were taken before and after perceptual body stimulation programs. The study results showed that the body intervention program can bring benefits to the participants, but it is necessary that stimulation have a more specific focus, according to the perceptive characteristics of each individual.

The production of knowledge about the building of values in physical education at school: methods, methodology and epistemology

Background: There is a wide range of published research analysing the possible influences of physical education at school over the building of values. Some of these studies indicate positive outcomes while others demonstrate that the influence of physical education at school over the values built by students is not as beneficial as believed. When we consider the need to study the theme further, we believe it is important to appraise the quality of the research done; in particular to check the coherence between the theoretical referential adopted and the choice of methodology, which involves the epistemological line of thought as well as the research techniques selected by the authors of that research. Purpose: The scope of this study is to identify methods, methodology and epistemology adopted in the body of research carried out on the building of values in physical education classes, in schools during the decade 2000–2010. Data collection: In order to achieve the purpose defined, we undertook a survey of the scientific work present in the databases of the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), SPORTDiscus and Fuente Acadêmica. For this survey, the following key words were used: ‘education values’, ‘ethics’, ‘moral’, ‘character education’ and combined with ‘physical education’. Data analysis: One thousand one hundred and eleven articles were identified. Essays and bibliographical review articles were excluded, as well as research that focused solely on the practice of sports. Forty-nine articles written in English, Spanish, French and Portuguese were selected, all of which met the criteria specified and all were analysed thoroughly. The variables analysed were: country of origin, theme, method, methodology and epistemology. Findings: The principal focus of the research analysed was the identification of beliefs, perceptions, values, attitudes and motivation of the participants, using the information supplied by them. This body of research has been carried out from a positivist point of view, with studies following mainly an empirical–analytic epistemological line of thought. Hence, there is a predominance of quantitative research using tools that can be statistically analysed. To adopt such a perspective, in order to investigate the building of values in school as well as in physical education, is to disregard the complexity of this subject. Nevertheless, research was found based on other epistemological approaches, which presented a broader view of the theme. In some cases, the understanding and analysis of the quality of the research is hindered by poor detailing of the methodology and the methods used. Conclusion: The complexity and the subjectivity of the studies on the building of values in physical education at school, with the predominant use of a positivist focus, does not lead to a full understanding of the topic. For that reason, it is of utmost importance that more investigation be conducted based on other epistemological approaches for a better understanding. More attention should be devoted to hermeneutic–phenomenological and critical–dialectical studies conducted in this area, with investigation not only of the beliefs and perspectives of the people studied, but also of their actions in the real environment of physical education in school.

Pesquisas sobre a Educação Física no cotidiano da escola: o estado da arte

This study aimed to analyze production of knowledge on school Physical Education (PE) in everyday life. The sample included Education and PE journals contained in PE webqualis from 2010 to 2012, totaling 63 journals and 697 articles. The main topics discussed included didactic diagnosis and professional training. Less evident topics were school violence and public policies. Elementary education was the most often studied among school cycles, and Brazil’s Southeast region was the one which produced the most articles. We came to the conclusion that aspects making up the school everyday life require more detailed attention because of their complexity.

Physiological responses during the practice of synchronized swimming: a systematic review

This study is aimed at analysing the scientific literature related to physiological responses in synchronized swimmers, produced from 2006 to 2016. A systematic review was conducted using electronic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, SportDiscus, Web Science, Scielo and Scopus) in national and international journals. The articles were selected using the following inclusion criteria: composed samples of synchronized swimmers of both sexes, articles in English, Spanish and Portuguese, published from 2006 to 2016. Ten studies were included. The concentration of the articles and their publication was as follows: Europe (77%) and North America (23%). The protocols used analyse physiological responses in synchronized swimmers athletes during competitions or laboratory tests, lactate measurements, heart rate, rates of perceived exertion, VO2 and lung volume. The subjects of 100% of the studies included in this review were athletes of junior and senior categories who volunteered. Only 03 of the 10 studies have compared the physiological responses in volunteers who were not synchronized swimmers to synchronized swimmer athletes. The studies were conducted using different methodologies, which makes it difficult to compare them, so the standardization of instruments and definitions is essential for the scientific advancement in this field. In addition, it would be interesting to expand the research of these physiological responses in synchronized swimmers using base level or beginners as sample.

Teaching values in physical education classes: the perception of Brazilian teachers

ABSTRACT The contribution of Physical Education (PE) and School Sport to learning of values has been identified by teachers and researchers. However, we know little about how that teaching takes place during classes. This study aimed to understand the perceptions of teachers on teaching values in their classes and to analyse the conception of values that have guided their professional intervention. To do this, a qualitative study was conducted with a sample of three teachers, using class observations and interviews with the teachers as research tools. For all these teachers, teaching values is a central goal of PE classes; for two of the teachers, it is the main goal. Because of this conviction, their pedagogies prioritize the teaching of moral values over others that can be taught in PE. A belief in the possibility of teaching values in the classroom is part of the habitus of the PE teacher; it can sometimes be characterized as an illusio. For these reasons, teachers can set unrealistic expectations, disregarding their own limitations as well as the conflicts and complexity involved in the construction of value systems.

EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL TRAINING ON THE MYOCARDIUM OF FEMALE LDL KNOCKOUT OVARIECTOMIZED MICE

Rev Bras Med Esporte – Vol. 23, No 6 – Nov/Dez, 2017 ABSTRACT Introduction: The emergence of coronary heart disease increases with menopause, physical inactivity and with dyslipidemia. It is known that physical training promotes the improvement of cardiovascular functions. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic physical training on the left ventricle in female LDL knockout ovariectomized mice. Methods: Thirty animals were divided into 6 groups (n=5), namely, sedentary non-ovariectomized control; sedentary ovariectomized control; trained ovariectomized control; sedentary non-ovariectomized; sedentary ovariectomized; and trained ovariectomized. We analyzed the mean nuclear volume parameters, the cross sectional area of the myocytes, the apparent density of the capillaries, interstitium, myocytes and collagen fibers. Results: The results show that for the density of the number of nuclei, the physical activity decreased to values close to the ovariectomized control group. Regarding the mean nuclear volume and the average area of myocytes, training and ovariectomy promoted the elevation of these values but hypercholesterolemia was lower. the volume density of myocytes, hypercholesterolemia showed an increase of these values as well as the training. There was no change in the volumetric density of the capillaries and the density of collagen fibers. The training caused the decrease in the density of the interstitial volume, and the hypercholesterolemia changed to a smaller one than the control group. Conclusion: We concluded that the moderate aerobic activity or the training time used in our study were not sufficient to generate significant alterations in the hypercholesterolemic group.

Actitudes de estudiantes de primária en relación a las clases de Educación Física

The aim of this study was to analyze the attitudes and emotional reactions experienced by students in the learning process of physical education. The sample consisted of 525 students in 6th year of primary education than 20 public schools in Albacete, Spain. The questionnaire was applied on the affective domain (PEOQ - Physical Education Orientation Questionnaire) with the folowing results: a) not ocurred significant differences in the sex variable b) students appreciate the course, apply knowledge, know their value and defend its importance, although that fact is far from achieving the best possible estimate. The study comes to the conclusion that the attitude of the students in relation to the Physical Education is positive.

Avaliação da atividade física na promoção da saúde de adolescentes brasileiros: revisão sistemática

Objective: To analyze the methodological designs of national studies that assessed the level of physical activity for promoting adolescent health. Methods: a systematic literature review of original researches and publications of MEDLINE, LILACS, SCOPUS and ADOLEC electronic databases. It focused on determinant aspects of physical activity for health promotion using the following keywords: physical activity, physical fitness, physical activity, physical exercise, motor activity, sedentary and sedentariness, adolescent, adolescence, young, youth, teenager, and teenage, Brazil, Brazilian, South America, Low-middle income and country(ies). Data analysis covered the period from 2005 to 2011. First, 449 studies were identified. After analyzing the titles of the manuscripts, 130 articles were eligible for abstract evaluation and subsequent full text analysis. In the end, 31 articles met all inclusion criteria. Results: A total of 93.6% (n=29) of the evaluated studies used cross-sectional design, with samples ranging from 92 to 5028 subjects, and all of them used questionnaires for measuring physical activity. The main analysis of the studies was based on the association between physical activity, biodemographic data (age, gender) and socioeconomic data (income, social class and parental education). Conclusion: The national studies assessing the level of physical activity for promoting adolescent health appear with great methodological variability since there is no standardization in the methodological design, instrument and definition of variables, highlighting the need for longitudinal studies in this area. doi:10.5020/18061230.2013.p426

O SENTIDO DE SAÚDE E AS IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A PRÁTICA DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA EM IDOSOS

This paper presents a discussion about the subjectivity involved in the triad of health, disease and old age, when aiming to a practice in Physical Education consistent with the ideals of Health Promotion. It draws on Freirian pedagogy and its use as a theoretical support for the practice when the objective is Health Promotion. The empowerment of the individual is the key point, and issues such as autonomy and empowerment are identified as necessary for health. Practices based on Paulo Freire´s pedagogy should consider one´s life history and, especially when it is intended to deal with aging, it would be relevant to know the subjectivity involved in health and disease, considering the relationship that has been established between age and disease. Therefore the need to resort to Gonzalez Rey’s current discussions about subjective meaning and subjectivity.