María Soledad Burrone

Análisis de la frecuencia de experimentación y consumo de drogas de alumnos de escuelas de nivel medio

En el presente trabajo se analiza la frecuencia de experimentacion y consumo de drogas, en alumnos de escuelas de nivel medio de Cordoba, Argentina, en relacion a variables sociodemograficas. De caracter analitico, la investigacion se baso en los registros de la Secretaria de Programacion para la Prevencion de la Drogadiccion y la Lucha contra el Narcotrafico. El procesamiento estadistico fue analisis bivariado, razon de riesgo e intervalos de confianza para cada variable. El consumo de alcohol fue mas frecuente en los hombres, el 12,2% de los adolescentes probo algun tipo de droga ilicita, y los tranquilizantes son los psicofarmacos mas utilizados. El valor del consumo de drogas aumenta segun aumenta el rango de edad, ano de estudio y disponibilidad de dinero. Los hallazgos del presente trabajo identificaron una realidad epidemiologica que permitira elaborar estrategias de prevencion de adiccion en los adolescentes.The aim of this study was to survey the frequency of experimentation and consumption of drugs in high-school students in Cordoba, Argentina, relating it to socio-demographic variables. An observational-analytical method was employed, on the basis of the records of the Secretary for the Planning of Drug-Addiction Prevention and Fighting of Drug-Trafficking. Statistical. Bivariate analysis, odds ratio and confidence interval were applied in the processing of each variable. Alcohol consumption was found to be more frequent among males. Of the subjects 12.2% had tried some type of illicit substance. Tranquilizers were the most commonly used psycho-medicine. Drug consumption increased with age, years of schooling and availability of money. Our detection of an epidemiological situation is deemed useful for prevention strategies for drug addiction among teenagers.

Estudio de muertes por causas violentas: un análisis de tendencia en jóvenes, Argentina, 2000-2008

INTRODUCTION: Violence is the leading cause of death among young people in Latin America. The objective of this study was to analyze the trends of youth (ages 10 to 24) mortality resulting from violence, over the period 2000-2008, in the context of the socioeconomic crisis that started in Argentina, in 2001. METHODOLOGY: Databases of the Statistical Reports of Death and Vital Statistics Yearbooks were used. Violent deaths were defined by the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10), and violent mortality rates for every 100,000 inhabitants were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed according to the nature of the variable involved. RESULTS: Violent mortality rates were 42.48o/0000 deaths for 2000, and 43.09o/0000 for 2008, with the incidence being higher for males (p=0.0015). For both sexes, there was an increase of violent deaths due to car accidents. There was also an increase of deaths by aggression in males. The highest suicide rate corresponded to the period 2000-2005. CONCLUSIONS: Since these violent deaths are preventable, reflection on public health policies is urgent.

Transmisión transgeneracional del trauma psicosocial en comunidades indígenas de Argentina: percepción del daño en el pasado y presente y acciones autoreparatorias

El presente articulo indago desde la perspectiva de los sujetos, con respecto a la transmision transgeneracional del trauma psicosocial sufrido por comunidades Wichi del Norte Argentino. Se propuso identificar las experiencias percibidas como traumaticas por las comunidades Wichi, tanto pasadas como presentes, describiendo los relatos respecto a la vivencia del trauma y a las formas de socializacion generadas en dicha comunidad. Esto tuvo presente las situaciones o acciones llevadas adelante en los ultimos anos, que pudieran ser consideradas como autoreparatorias. Se trata de un trabajo exploratorio de tipo cualitativo, realizado en comunidades Wichi de la Provincia de Salta, durante los anos 2009, 2010, y 2011. Fueron realizadas 30 entrevistas a caciques, mujeres, dirigentes y personas de las comunidades Wichi. Entre los resultados se reconoce la permanencia del dano en los grupos originarios y los mecanismos utilizados tanto por el Estado como por la sociedad para mantener esta situacion, tambien se advierte un comportamiento de aislamiento y evasion ante el trauma, ademas se identifican secuelas y la manera en que estas reproducen la situacion de trauma. Fue tambien observado en la comunidad Wichi mecanismos de autoreparacion en torno a la situacion de trauma. La experiencia especifica en relacion con el pueblo Wichi reafirma los mecanismos de la transmision transgeneracional del trauma psicosocial, surgiendo nuevas formas de organizacion de manera espontanea que develan el camino hacia la superacion del trauma.

Analysis of the frequency of experimentation with and consumption of drugs in high-school students

En el presente trabajo se analiza la frecuencia de experimentacion y consumo de drogas, en alumnos de escuelas de nivel medio de Cordoba, Argentina, en relacion a variables sociodemograficas. De caracter analitico, la investigacion se baso en los registros de la Secretaria de Programacion para la Prevencion de la Drogadiccion y la Lucha contra el Narcotrafico. El procesamiento estadistico fue analisis bivariado, razon de riesgo e intervalos de confianza para cada variable. El consumo de alcohol fue mas frecuente en los hombres, el 12,2% de los adolescentes probo algun tipo de droga ilicita, y los tranquilizantes son los psicofarmacos mas utilizados. El valor del consumo de drogas aumenta segun aumenta el rango de edad, ano de estudio y disponibilidad de dinero. Los hallazgos del presente trabajo identificaron una realidad epidemiologica que permitira elaborar estrategias de prevencion de adiccion en los adolescentes.The aim of this study was to survey the frequency of experimentation and consumption of drugs in high-school students in Cordoba, Argentina, relating it to socio-demographic variables. An observational-analytical method was employed, on the basis of the records of the Secretary for the Planning of Drug-Addiction Prevention and Fighting of Drug-Trafficking. Statistical. Bivariate analysis, odds ratio and confidence interval were applied in the processing of each variable. Alcohol consumption was found to be more frequent among males. Of the subjects 12.2% had tried some type of illicit substance. Tranquilizers were the most commonly used psycho-medicine. Drug consumption increased with age, years of schooling and availability of money. Our detection of an epidemiological situation is deemed useful for prevention strategies for drug addiction among teenagers.

Using information and communication technologies to prevent suicide among secondary school students in two regions of Chile: a randomized controlled trial

Background: There is an increasing concern for addressing suicide among adolescents in Latin America. Recent mental health policies encourage the development and implementation of preventive interventions for suicide. Such initiatives, however, have been scarcely developed, even in countries with solid mental health services such as Chile. The use of information and communications technology (ICT) might contribute to create accessible, engaging, and innovative platforms to promote well-being and support for adolescents with mental health needs and suicide risk. Objective: To evaluate a program based on ICT to prevent suicide and enhance mental health among adolescents in Chile. Method: A cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted including 428 high-school students aged 18–14 years in two regions of Chile. Study procedures will take place as follows: (1) design of the intervention model and creation of prototype; (2) selection and randomization of the participating public schools; (3) implementation of the 3-month intervention and evaluation at baseline, post-intervention period, and a 2-month follow-up. Suicidal ideation at the 2-month follow up is the primary outcome in this study. Secondary outcomes include negative psychological outcomes (e.g., stigma, depression, anxiety) as well as a number of protective psychological and social factors. Indicators regarding the study implementation will be also gathered. Discussion: Here we describe a novel program based on technological devices and aimed to target youth suicide in Chile. This is the first clinical trial of such a program in Latin America, and to our knowledge, the first of its kind in any middle income country. Trial Registration: gov Identifier: NCT03514004

Psychometric properties of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale adapted for people who use psychoactive substances.

BACKGROUND People who consume psychoactive substances may experience situations of social stigma on the part of the society in general, and also situations of internalized-stigma derived from their own consumption of substances. The Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale has been shown to be valid and reliable to evaluate the internalized-stigma in people with severe mental disorders, but in Argentina there is no a Spanish version of this scale for use with people who use psychoactive substances. The objective of this work was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness instrument adapted for people who use psychoactive substances. METHOD The work was carried out on a sample of 200 patients older than 18 years under treatment of rehabilitation by consumption of psychoactive substances in a public institution of the city of Córdoba (Argentina) between the years 2014 and 2016. The instrument used was the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) previously adapted for use in these groups of patients. It was determined the reliability of the scale through Cronbachs coefficients α and factorial structure was analyzed through an exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS The obtained coefficients showed a high reliability, while in the factorial structure emerged the 4 theoretical dimensions described by Ritsher, namely: social isolation, perceived discrimination, alienation and stereotyping. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the scale adapted for people who use psychoactive substances is reliable and with an adequate factorial structure.

Study of mental health disorders in primary health care centers in Cordoba, argentina

Given that mental healthcare in Latin America is going through a special transformation, changing the hospital attention towards the community assistance (1), it is essential to know the profile of new potential users. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO/ WHO) analyzed the situation regarding the attention given to mental health in the region of the Americas identifying that the progress in the provision of services in mental health is not enough (2). In most of the countries there are psychiatric hospitals considered as the basic structure of the mental health system. Chile, Brazil and Cuba are the exceptions. According the PAHO/WHO report, 1 out of 4 people suffers some kind of mental disorders at some stage in their life and, in the next 20 years, mental health disorders will be the second cause in the global burden of disease (2-4). Prevalence studies in the Primary Health Care centers show high levels of mental and behavioral disorders (5). Similar studies highlight the need of prioritizing mental health as an issue to resolve with a perspective of mental health depending on the social and economic importance of this problem (6-9). The detection and treatment of mental health and behavioral disorders in the Primary Health Care could also improve the access to care among many patients. Thus, from this perspective, it is indispensable to know the prevalence of mental and behavioral disorders since the health services must establish their priorities according to the local needs and conditions...

Análise da frequência de experimentação e consumo de drogas em alunos de escolas de Ensino Médio

En el presente trabajo se analiza la frecuencia de experimentacion y consumo de drogas, en alumnos de escuelas de nivel medio de Cordoba, Argentina, en relacion a variables sociodemograficas. De caracter analitico, la investigacion se baso en los registros de la Secretaria de Programacion para la Prevencion de la Drogadiccion y la Lucha contra el Narcotrafico. El procesamiento estadistico fue analisis bivariado, razon de riesgo e intervalos de confianza para cada variable. El consumo de alcohol fue mas frecuente en los hombres, el 12,2% de los adolescentes probo algun tipo de droga ilicita, y los tranquilizantes son los psicofarmacos mas utilizados. El valor del consumo de drogas aumenta segun aumenta el rango de edad, ano de estudio y disponibilidad de dinero. Los hallazgos del presente trabajo identificaron una realidad epidemiologica que permitira elaborar estrategias de prevencion de adiccion en los adolescentes.The aim of this study was to survey the frequency of experimentation and consumption of drugs in high-school students in Cordoba, Argentina, relating it to socio-demographic variables. An observational-analytical method was employed, on the basis of the records of the Secretary for the Planning of Drug-Addiction Prevention and Fighting of Drug-Trafficking. Statistical. Bivariate analysis, odds ratio and confidence interval were applied in the processing of each variable. Alcohol consumption was found to be more frequent among males. Of the subjects 12.2% had tried some type of illicit substance. Tranquilizers were the most commonly used psycho-medicine. Drug consumption increased with age, years of schooling and availability of money. Our detection of an epidemiological situation is deemed useful for prevention strategies for drug addiction among teenagers.